Shared Meaning : An Introduction to Speech Communication

by Mary L. Forrest; Margot A. Olson

• ISBN13: 9780787256647
• ISBN10: 0787256641
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Communication Defined	p. 2
Overview	p. 2
The Meaning of Communication	p. 5
The Communication Model	p. 5
Sending the Message	p. 5
Receiving the Message	p. 7
Responding to the Message	p. 8
Distortions of the Message	p. 8
Delivery Systems and Communication Encounters	p. 9
Delivery Systems	p. 9
Communication Encounters	p. 11
Functions of Communication	p. 12
Information	p. 13
Persuasion	p. 13
Decision Making	p. 13
Entertainment	p. 13
Summary	p. 14
Language in Communication	p. 17
Sensation	p. 17
Perception	p. 18
Perception and Environment	p. 18
Perception and the Individual	p. 20
Extrasensory Perception	p. 21
Language	p. 21
What Are Words	p. 22
What Is Meaning	p. 22
Circumstances Influencing Language Usage	p. 22
Acceptable Usage of Language	p. 25
Considerations in the Use of Language	p. 26
Summary	p. 27
Perception of Self in Communication	p. 29
Self-Concept	p. 29
Public versus Private Self	p. 30
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy	p. 32
Effects of Self-Concept on Communication	p. 32
Self-Confidence versus Defensiveness	p. 34
Defensiveness	p. 34
Improving Self-Concept	p. 35
Self-Confidence	p. 36
Credibility in Communication	p. 36
Intrapersonal Communication and Self-Concept	p. 36
Summary	p. 38
Activities	p. 39
Listening and Nonverbal Messages	p. 60
Overview	p. 60
Listening Behavior	p. 63
The Listening Process	p. 63
Some Definitions	p. 63
Types of Listening	p. 64
Listening Characteristics and Habits	p. 64
Developing Listening Skills	p. 66
Listening Improvement	p. 67
Distorted Messages	p. 70
Avoiding Distractions	p. 71
Summary	p. 72
Nonverbal Messages	p. 75
Types of Nonverbal Messages	p. 75
Body Motion	p. 76
Personal Space	p. 76
Touching	p. 78
Paralanguage	p. 78
Physical Characteristics	p. 79
Artifacts	p. 80
Environment	p. 80
Time	p. 81
Some Implications of Nonverbal Messages	p. 81
Conflicting Messages	p. 81
Awareness of One's Own Nonverbal Messages	p. 83
Body Language	p. 83
Time Management	p. 85
Summary	p. 87
Nonverbal Techniques to Help the Listener	p. 91
Body Motion	p. 91
Posture	p. 91
Movements	p. 92
Gestures	p. 92
Eye Contact	p. 92
Facial Expressions	p. 93
Appearance	p. 94
Grooming	p. 94
Demeanor	p. 94
Vocal Expression	p. 95
Volume	p. 95
Pitch	p. 95
Rate	p. 95
Articulation and Pronunciation	p. 96
Vocal Quality	p. 96
Telephone Skills	p. 97
Summary	p. 99
Activities	p. 101
Interpersonal Communication	p. 126
Overview	p. 126
Taking Responsibility for Oneself	p. 129
Some Interpersonal Skills	p. 129
Owning Feelings and Thoughts	p. 129
Self-Disclosure	p. 131
Assertiveness	p. 133
Stress Management	p. 135
The Interview	p. 137
Basics of Interviewing	p. 137
The Employment Interview	p. 139
Summary	p. 143
Relating to Others	p. 145
Some Interpersonal Skills	p. 145
Values Clarification	p. 145
Ethics	p. 147
Behavioral Flexibility	p. 148
Descriptive Listening	p. 149
Empathy	p. 151
Conflict Management	p. 153
Summary	p. 156
Cross-Cultural Communication	p. 159
Description of Cross-Cultural Communication	p. 161
Communication across Cultures	p. 163
Suggestions for Cross-Cultural Communication	p. 164
General Suggestions	p. 164
Language Barriers	p. 165
Cultural Perspectives	p. 165
Business and Professional Suggestions	p. 166
Summary	p. 167
Activities	p. 169
Small Group Communication	p. 204
Overview	p. 204
Small Group Communication Defined	p. 207
Small Group Characteristics	p. 207
Group Size	p. 207
Functions of Groups	p. 208
Joining Groups	p. 209
Positive Outcomes	p. 210
Small Group versus Individual Potential	p. 211
Properties of Groups	p. 211
Deciding Between Individual and Group	p. 213
Summary	p. 214
Important Factors for Group Participation	p. 217
Effective Group Participation	p. 217
Some Techniques	p. 217
Adverse Group Behavior	p. 218
Responsibilities of the Group Member	p. 219
Group Leadership	p. 221
Leadership Styles	p. 222
Responsibilities of the Leaders	p. 223
Effective Leaders	p. 224
Summary	p. 225
Some Applications of Small Group Communication	p. 227
Brainstorming	p. 227
Ground Rules for Meetings	p. 228
Round-Table Discussion	p. 229
Small Group Communication in a Public Setting	p. 231
Panel Discussion	p. 231
Forum	p. 232
Symposium	p. 232
Colloquium	p. 233
Planning and Rehearsing a Small Group Presentation	p. 233
Presentation Strategies	p. 233
Preparation	p. 235
Summary	p. 235
Activities	p. 237
Speaker Audience Communication	p. 256
Overview	p. 256
Planning the Speaker-Audience Message	p. 259
Types of Messages	p. 260
Informative	p. 260
Persuasive	p. 260
Entertainment	p. 260
Others	p. 260
Preparing the Material	p. 261
Setting	p. 261
Topic	p. 262
Gathering Material	p. 263
Ordering Material	p. 266
Supporting Materials	p. 267
Summary	p. 269
Delivering the Speaker-Audience Message	p. 271
Organizing the Message	p. 271
Body	p. 272
Introduction	p. 272
Conclusion	p. 273
Delivering the Message	p. 273
Modes of Presentation	p. 273
Presentation Aids	p. 275
Rehearsal	p. 277
Stage Fright	p. 278
Summary	p. 280
Informative Speaking	p. 283
Types of Informative Messages	p. 283
Description	p. 284
Demonstration	p. 284
Definition	p. 285
Reporting	p. 285
Developing the Informative Speech	p. 287
Audience Needs	p. 287
Common Learning Principles	p. 287
Methods of Explanation	p. 288
Evaluation of Informative Speeches	p. 289
Summary	p. 290
Persuasive Speaking	p. 293
Types of Persuasive Messages	p. 293
Expected Behaviors	p. 293
Purpose of Message	p. 294
Classification of Topics	p. 294
Developing the Persuasive Speech	p. 295
Audience Characteristics	p. 296
Gaining Listener Acceptance	p. 297
Persuasive Speaking Outline	p. 298
Problem-Solution Outline	p. 298
Values Outline	p. 299
Evaluation of Persuasive Speeches	p. 300
Receiving the Persuasive Message	p. 300
Fact and Opinion	p. 300
Intent of the Speaker	p. 302
Summary	p. 302
Activities	p. 304
Final Activity	p. 358
References	p. 361
Index	p. 363
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.