Short Course in Photography, A

by London, Barbara; Stone, Jim

• ISBN13: 9780131102019
• ISBN10: 013110201X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL

Summary

This easy-to-use, inexpensive book introduces readers to the fundamentals of photography and suggests ways in which they might create photographs that have meaning. Oriented toward traditional black and white photography, the book also explores digital techniques and web photography resources, equipment, cameras and camera accessories, the exposure and development of film, and the making and finishing of prints. All aspects of the process are explained and illustrated clearly in two-page spreads, each of which addresses a self-contained topic. For those who don't know anything about photography--but want to learn, and anyone who wants to take better pictures than they do now.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Camera	2	(22)
Getting Started Camera and film	4	(1)
Loading film into the camera	5	(1)
Focusing and setting the exposure	6	(1)
Exposure readout	7	(1)
Exposing the film	8	(1)
What will you photograph?	9	(1)
Types of Cameras	10	(2)
Basic Camera Controls	12	(2)
Automatic Camera Controls	14	(2)
Shutter Speed Affects light and motion	16	(2)
Aperture Affects light and depth of field	18	(2)
Shutter Speed and Aperture Blur vs. depth of field	20	(2)
Care of Camera and Lens	22	(2)
Lens	24	(22)
Lens Focal Length The basic difference between lenses	26	(2)
Normal Focal Length The most like human vision	28	(2)
Long Focal Length Telephoto lenses	30	(2)
Short Focal Length Wide-angle lenses	32	(2)
Zoom, Macro, and Fisheye Lenses	34	(2)
Focus and Depth of Field	36	(1)
Automatic Focus	37	(1)
Depth of Field Controlling sharpness in a photograph	38	(2)
More About Depth of Field How to preview it	40	(2)
Perspective How a photograph shows depth	42	(2)
Lens Performance Getting the most from a lens	44	(1)
Solving Camera and Lens Problems	45	(1)
Film	46	(10)
Selecting and Using Film	48	(2)
Film Speed and Grain The two go together	50	(2)
Special-Purpose Films High contrast, infrared, and chromogenic	52	(2)
Color Films	54	(2)
Exposure	56	(20)
Normal Exposure, Underexposure, and Overexposure	58	(2)
Exposure Meters What different types do	60	(2)
How to calculate and adjust an exposure manually	62	(2)
Overriding an Automatic Exposure Camera	64	(2)
Making an Exposure of an Average Scene	66	(2)
Exposing Scenes that are Lighter or Darker than Average	68	(2)
Backlighting	70	(1)
Exposing Scenes with High Contrast	71	(1)
Low Light and Reciprocity	72	(1)
Exposures in Hard-to-Meter Situations	73	(1)
Solving Exposure Problems	74	(2)
Developing the Negative	76	(20)
Processing Film Equipment and chemicals you'll need	78	(2)
Mixing and Handling Chemicals	80	(1)
Processing Film Step by Step Setting out materials needed	81	(1)
Preparing the film	82	(2)
Development	84	(1)
Stop bath and fixer	85	(1)
Washing and drying	86	(1)
Summary of film Processing	87	(1)
How Chemicals Affect Film	88	(2)
Evaluating Your Negatives	90	(2)
Push Processing	92	(2)
Solving Negative Development Problems	94	(2)
Printing	96	(30)
Printing Equipment and materials you'll need	98	(2)
Making a Contact Print Step by Step	100	(2)
Processing a Print Step by Step Development	102	(1)
Stop bath and fixer	103	(1)
Washing and drying	104	(1)
Summary of Print Processing	105	(1)
Making an Enlarged Print Step by Step Setting up the enlarger	106	(2)
Exposing a test print	108	(1)
Exposing a final print	109	(1)
Evaluating Your Print for Density and Contrast	110	(2)
More About Contrast: How to control it in a print	112	(2)
Local Controls Burning in and dodging	114	(2)
More About Local Controls Burning in and dodging	116	(1)
Cropping	117	(1)
Spotting	118	(1)
Solving Printing Problems	119	(1)
Mounting a Print	120	(1)
Equipment and materials you'll need	121	(1)
Dry Mounting a Print Step by Step	122	(2)
Bleed Mounting/Overmatting	124	(2)
Lighting	126	(18)
Qualities of Light From direct to diffused	128	(2)
Existing Light Use what's available	130	(2)
The Main Light the strongest source of light	132	(2)
Fill Light to lighten shadows	134	(2)
Simple Portrait Lighting	136	(2)
Using Artificial Light: Photolamp or flash	138	(2)
More About Flash How to position it	140	(2)
Solving Flash Problems	142	(2)
Special Techniques	144	(14)
Close-ups	146	(2)
Using Filters How to change film's response to light	148	(2)
Lens Attachments Polarization and other effects	150	(2)
Digital Imaging	152	(1)
Equipment and materials you'll need	153	(1)
Editing a Digital Image	154	(2)
Using a Digital Camera	156	(2)
Seeing Like a Camera	158	(20)
What's in the Picture the edges or frame	160	(2)
The background	162	(2)
Depth in a Picture Three dimensions become two	164	(2)
Depth of Field Which parts are sharp	166	(2)
Time and Motion in a Photograph	168	(2)
Photographing for Meaning	170	(2)
Portraits	172	(2)
Photographing the Landscape/Cityscape	174	(2)
Responding to Photographs	176	(2)
Photography on the Internet	178	(1)
Glossary	179	(4)
Photo Credit	183	(1)
Bibliography	184	(1)
Index	185