Skeletal Muscle Structure, Function, and Plasticity The Physiological Basis of Rehabilitation

by Lieber, Richard

• ISBN13: 9780781730617
• ISBN10: 0781730619
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-08-28
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

In its Second Edition, this text addresses basic and applied physiological properties of skeletal muscle in the context of the physiological effects from clinical treatment. Many concepts are expanded and recent studies on human muscle have been added. This new edition also includes more clinically relevant cases and stories. A two-page full color insert of muscle sections is provided to ensure integral understanding of the concepts presented in the text. Anyone interested in human movement analysis and the understanding of generation and control from the musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems in implementing movement will find this a valuable resource.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy	1	(44)
Chapter Overview	1	(1)
Educational Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
Muscle Development	1	(11)
Development of Specific Muscle Fiber Types	12	(1)
Skeletal Muscle Cell Microstructure	13	(11)
Studies of Muscle Filament and Sarcomere Structure	24	(2)
Satellite Cells: Reserves for Injury and Repair	26	(1)
Whole Skeletal Muscle Structure	26	(9)
Architecture of Human Skeletal Muscles	35	(6)
Chapter Summary	41	(1)
References	41	(4)
Skeletal Muscle Physiology	45	(68)
Chapter Overview	45	(1)
Educational Objectives	45	(1)
Introduction	45	(1)
Excitation-Contraction Coupling	46	(3)
Temporal Summation	49	(2)
Length-Tension Relationship: Isometric Muscle Contraction	51	(9)
Force-Velocity Relationship: Isotonic Muscle Contraction	60	(4)
Length-Tension-Velocity Relationship	64	(2)
The Cross-Bridge Cycle	66	(6)
Mechanical Properties of Muscles with Different Architectures	72	(2)
Muscle Fiber Types	74	(5)
Methods for Typing Muscle Fibers	79	(5)
Other Muscle Fiber Classification Schemes	84	(1)
Physiologic Properties of Muscle Fiber Types	85	(2)
Morphologic Properties of Different Muscle Fiber Types	87	(3)
The Motor Unit	90	(8)
Motor Unit Recruitment	98	(1)
Human Voluntary Motor Unit Recruitment	99	(3)
Physiologic Basis of Fatigue	102	(4)
The Electromyogram	106	(2)
Chapter Summary	108	(1)
References	109	(4)
The Production of Movement	113	(60)
Chapter Overview	113	(1)
Educational Objectives	113	(1)
Introduction	113	(1)
Muscle-Tendon Interaction	114	(12)
Joint Moments	126	(5)
Muscle-Joint Interaction During Isometric Torque Production	131	(11)
Physiological Range of Motion	142	(4)
Isokinetic Dynamometers Used in Physical Assessment	146	(7)
The Gait Cycle	153	(6)
Biomechanics of Biarticular Muscles	159	(2)
Gait Cycle Timing at Increased Velocities	161	(1)
Energy Expenditure During Gait	161	(1)
Muscles as Springs	162	(3)
Direct Force and Length Measurements During Locomotion	165	(3)
Implications for Physical Therapy	168	(1)
Chapter Summary	169	(1)
References	169	(4)
Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Increased Use	173	(52)
Chapter Overview	173	(1)
Educational Objectives	173	(1)
Introduction	173	(1)
Adaptation to Chronic Electrical Stimulation	174	(5)
Adaptation to Chronic Stretch	179	(12)
Adaptation to Compensatory Hypertrophy	191	(4)
Adaptation to Intermittent Electrical Stimulation	195	(13)
Adaptation to Exercise	208	(12)
Chapter Summary	220	(1)
References	220	(5)
Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Decreased Use	225	(62)
Chapter Overview	225	(1)
Educational Objectives	225	(1)
Introduction	225	(1)
Adaptation to Immobilization	226	(13)
Remobilization After Immobilization	239	(1)
Adaptation to Spinal Cord Transection	239	(10)
Adaptation to Hindlimb Unloading	249	(4)
Mechanism of Muscle Fiber Atrophy	253	(3)
Adaptation to Aging	256	(9)
Adaptation to Tenotomy	265	(4)
Adaptation to Denervation	269	(6)
Muscle Fiber Specificity to Reinnervation	275	(6)
Chapter Summary	281	(2)
References	283	(4)
Skeletal Muscle Response to Injury	287	(55)
Chapter Overview	287	(1)
Educational Objectives	287	(1)
Introduction	287	(1)
Morphology of the Degeneration-Regeneration Cycle	288	(7)
Muscle Properties After Regeneration	295	(5)
Clinical Application to Muscular Dystrophy	300	(4)
Muscle Response to Exercise-Induced Injury	304	(37)
Chapter Summary	341	(1)
References	342