Social Research Methods : Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

by Neuman, W. Lawrence

• ISBN13: 9780205353118
• ISBN10: 0205353118
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This highly regarded text presents a comprehensive and balanced introduction to both qualitative and quantitative approaches to social research, emphasizing the benefits of combining various approaches.

Author Biography

W. Lawrence Neuman: University of Wisconsin at Whitewater

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
PART ONE FOUNDATION
Science and Research	1	(19)
Introduction	1	(1)
Alternatives to Social Research	2	(4)
How Science Works	6	(6)
Steps of the Research Process	12	(4)
Qualitative and Quantitative Social Research	16	(1)
Why Conduct Social Research?	16	(1)
Conclusion	17	(3)
Dimensions of Research	20	(21)
Introduction	20	(1)
Dimensions of Research	21	(14)
Data Collection Techniques Used	35	(4)
Conclusion	39	(2)
Theory and Research	41	(27)
Introduction	41	(1)
What Is Theory?	42	(1)
Social Theory versus Ideology	42	(2)
The Parts of Theory	44	(6)
The Aspects of Theory	50	(15)
The Dynamic Duo	65	(1)
Conclusion	66	(2)
The Meanings of Methodology	68	(27)
Introduction	68	(1)
The Three Approaches	69	(1)
Positivist Social Science	70	(5)
Interpretive Social Science	75	(6)
Critical Social Science	81	(6)
Feminist and Postmodern Research	87	(3)
Conclusion	90	(5)
The Literature Review and Ethical Concerns	95	(42)
Introduction	95	(1)
The Literature Review	96	(20)
Ethics in Social Research	116	(18)
Conclusion	134	(3)
PART TWO PLANNING AND PREPARATION
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Designs	137	(32)
Introduction	137	(1)
Triangulation	137	(2)
Qualitative and Quantitative Orientations toward Research	139	(7)
Qualitative Design Issues	146	(3)
Quantitative Design Issues	149	(15)
Conclusion	164	(5)
Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement	169	(41)
Introduction	169	(1)
Why Measure?	170	(1)
Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement	171	(1)
Parts of the Measurement Process	171	(7)
Reliability and Validity	178	(9)
A Guide to Quantitative Measurement	187	(5)
Index Construction	192	(3)
Scales	195	(11)
Conclusion	206	(4)
Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling	210	(27)
Introduction	210	(1)
Nonprobability Sampling	211	(4)
Probability Sampling	215	(20)
Conclusion	235	(2)
PART THREE QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Experimental Research	237	(26)
Introduction	237	(3)
Random Assignment	240	(3)
Experimental Design Logic	243	(8)
Internal and External Validity	251	(6)
Practical Considerations	257	(1)
Results of Experimental Research: Making Comparisons	258	(1)
A Word on Ethics	258	(1)
Conclusion	258	(5)
Survey Research	263	(45)
Introduction	263	(4)
The Logic of Survey Research	267	(1)
Constructing the Questionnaire	268	(21)
Types of Surveys: Advantages and Disadvantages	289	(3)
Interviewing	292	(10)
The Ethical Survey	302	(1)
Conclusion	303	(5)
Nonreactive Research and Secondary Analysis	308	(23)
Introduction	308	(1)
Nonreactive Measurement	309	(1)
Content Analysis	310	(7)
Existing Statistics/Documents and Secondary Analysis	317	(11)
Issues of Inference and Theory Testing	328	(1)
Conclusion	329	(2)
Analysis of Quantitative Data	331	(32)
Introduction	331	(1)
Dealing with Data	332	(3)
Results with One Variable	335	(5)
Results with Two Variables	340	(11)
More than Two Variables	351	(5)
Inferential Statistics	356	(4)
Conclusion	360	(3)
PART FOUR QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Field Research	363	(39)
Introduction	363	(5)
The Logic of Field Research	368	(3)
Choosing a Site and Gaining Access	371	(6)
Relations in the Field	377	(4)
Observing and Collecting Data	381	(9)
The Field Research Interview	390	(5)
Leaving the Field	395	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas of Field Research	396	(2)
Conclusion	398	(4)
Historical-Comparative Research	402	(36)
Introduction	402	(3)
The Logic of Historical-Comparative Research	405	(8)
Steps in a Historical-Comparative Research Project	413	(2)
Data and Evidence in Historical Context	415	(7)
Comparative Research	422	(8)
Equivalence in Historical-Comparative Research	430	(3)
Ethics	433	(1)
Conclusion	434	(4)
Analysis of Qualitative Data	438	(30)
Introduction	438	(1)
Comparing Methods of Data Analysis	439	(2)
Coding and Concept Formation	441	(6)
Analytic Strategies for Qualitative Data	447	(10)
What Is Not Seen	457	(3)
Other Techniques	460	(6)
Conclusion	466	(2)
PART FIVE COMMUNICATING WITH OTHERS
Writing the Research Report and the Politics of Social Research	468	(61)
Introduction	468	(1)
The Research Report	469	(14)
The Politics of Social Research	483	(13)
Objectivity and Value Freedom	496	(2)
Conclusion	498	(3)
APPENDIXES
Appendix A American Sociological Association Code of Ethics	501	(13)
Appendix B Table of Randomly Selected Five-Digit Numbers	514	(4)
Appendix C Sample of Data Archives and Resources for Secondary Analysis	518	(2)
Appendix D Measurement Theory and Specialized Techniques for Index and Scale Construction	520	(4)
Appendix E Evaluation Research	524	(5)
Glossary	529	(19)
Bibliography	548	(29)
Name Index	577	(2)
Subject Index	579