Social Work: An Empowering Profession

by DuBois, Brenda L.; Miley, Karla Krogsrud

• ISBN13: 9780205340675
• ISBN10: 0205340679
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This introductory textbook distinguishes itself from others, because it takes a discipline approach rather than a social problems approach to framing the foundations of social work knowledge, values, and skills. This is a revision of the very first text to fully incorporate the strengths or empowerment perspective. The text takes a strong generalist eco-systems approach, while integrating material from the CSWE education core: values and ethics, cultural diversity, social justice, social work practice, human behavior, populations at risk, and policy and services. The text details the roles of the social worker in the functions of consultation, resource management, and education, and presents an easy-to-understand paradigm that shows students how the partnership between practitioners and consumers takes place at all systems levels.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
PART ONE The Profession of Social Work	1	(106)
Social Work: A Helping Profession	3	(27)
Who Are Social Workers?	3	(3)
Caring Professionals	5	(1)
What Do Social Workers Do?	6	(4)
Voices from the Field	6	(3)
Generalist Social Work	9	(1)
What Is the Purpose of Social Work?	10	(7)
Social Work's Purpose	10	(1)
Social Work's Goals	11	(2)
Strengths and Needs	13	(3)
Interactions of Strengths and Needs	16	(1)
How Are Social Work and Social Welfare Related?	17	(7)
Social Institutions	17	(1)
The Social Welfare Institution	18	(1)
Functions of Social Welfare	18	(2)
Fields of Social Work Practice	20	(3)
Social Work, Social Welfare, and Society	23	(1)
How Is Social Work an Empowering Profession?	24	(4)
Empowerment Defined	25	(1)
Access to Resources	26	(1)
Implications for Social Work	26	(2)
Looking Forward	28	(2)
An Evolving Profession	30	(28)
The Emergence of Social Work as a Profession	31	(5)
Early Social Welfare Organizations	31	(1)
Charity Organization Societies	32	(1)
Settlement House Movement	33	(3)
Defining Social Work as a Profession	36	(8)
Social Casework	36	(1)
Psychoanalytic Movement	37	(2)
Public Welfare Movement	39	(1)
Social Group Work and Community Organization	39	(1)
Dual Perspective	40	(2)
Social Reform	42	(1)
Ecosystems Approach	43	(1)
The Evolving Definition of Social Work	43	(1)
The Quest for Professional Status	44	(5)
``Is Social Work a Profession?''	44	(2)
The Rise of Professional Organizations	46	(1)
The Development of Professional Education	47	(1)
Social Work Today	48	(1)
The Common Base of Social Work Practice	49	(5)
Professional Values	49	(2)
The Knowledge Base of Social Work	51	(2)
The Skill Base of Social Work	53	(1)
Tenets for the Social Work Profession	54	(3)
Looking Forward	57	(1)
Social Work and Social Systems	58	(22)
The Ecosystems Perspective	60	(5)
The Social Systems View	60	(3)
The Ecological Perspective	63	(1)
The Ecosystems View	64	(1)
Social Functioning	65	(3)
Types of Social Functioning	65	(1)
Environmental Press	66	(1)
Social Problems and Social Functioning	67	(1)
Environmental Context of Generalist Social Work	68	(1)
Client Systems in Social Work	68	(8)
Microlevel Intervention	69	(2)
Midlevel Intervention	71	(2)
Macrolevel Intervention	73	(2)
Working with the Social Work Profession	75	(1)
Social Work Methods	76	(3)
Casework	77	(1)
Group Work	77	(1)
Community Organization	78	(1)
The Integrated Generalist Model	78	(1)
Looking Forward	79	(1)
The Social Service Delivery System	80	(27)
Social Service Settings	81	(9)
Public and Private Auspices	82	(1)
Agencies and Associations	83	(1)
Primary and Host Settings	84	(1)
Sectarian and Nonsectarian Affiliations	85	(1)
Nonprofit or For-Profit Status	85	(1)
Independent Practice	86	(1)
Geographic Location	87	(3)
The Funding of Services	90	(7)
Federal and State Funding	90	(3)
Grants	93	(1)
Community Funds	93	(1)
Endowments and Special Funds	94	(1)
Fees-for-Service	94	(1)
Insurance Reimbursement	94	(1)
Purchase of Service Contracting	95	(1)
Issues in Funding	95	(2)
Staffing Patterns	97	(5)
Social Work Professionals	97	(2)
Paraprofessionals	99	(1)
Volunteers	100	(1)
Computers and Technology in Service Delivery	101	(1)
Self-Help Groups as Resources	102	(2)
Service Delivery Issues	104	(2)
Fragmented Services	104	(1)
Coordinated Services	105	(1)
User Involvement	105	(1)
Service Delivery Reform	106	(1)
Looking Forward	106	(1)
PART TWO Social Work Perspectives	107	(88)
Values and Ethics in Social Work	109	(25)
Values and Ethics	111	(2)
Values Defined	111	(1)
Ethics Defined	112	(1)
The Foundation of Professional Social Work Values	113	(2)
Focus on Individual Morality	113	(1)
The Moral Imperatives for the Profession	114	(1)
Common Values of Social Work	114	(1)
The Value Context of Social Work	115	(8)
Society and Values	116	(3)
Values and the Social Work Profession	119	(1)
The Agency and Values	120	(1)
The Client System and Values	121	(1)
The Presenting Problem and Values	122	(1)
Social Workers' Personal Values	122	(1)
Social Work Codes of Ethics	123	(3)
The NASW Code of Ethics	123	(1)
The International Code of Ethics	124	(1)
The Radical Code of Ethics	125	(1)
The Significance of Ethical Codes	126	(1)
Ethical Principles for Social Work	126	(6)
Acceptance	126	(2)
Individualization	128	(1)
Purposeful Expression of Feelings	128	(1)
Nonjudgmental Attitudes	129	(1)
Objectivity	129	(1)
Controlled Emotional Involvement	130	(1)
Self-Determination	131	(1)
Access to Resources	131	(1)
Confidentiality	132	(1)
Accountability	132	(1)
Looking Forward	132	(2)
Social Work and Social Justice	134	(26)
Human Rights in Society	136	(3)
Universal Human Rights	136	(1)
Civil Rights and Civil Liberties	137	(1)
The Right to Social Welfare	138	(1)
The Mandate for Social Justice	139	(1)
Social Injustice: The ``Isms''	139	(8)
Racism	139	(2)
Elitism	141	(1)
Sexism	142	(1)
Heterosexism	143	(1)
Ageism	144	(1)
Handicapism	145	(2)
The Collective Isms	147	(1)
The Bases of Social Injustice	147	(6)
Social Darwinism	148	(1)
Siciological Theories	149	(1)
Psychological Theories	150	(1)
Blaming the Victim	151	(1)
Just World Beliefs	152	(1)
Behavioral Aspects of Discrimination	152	(1)
Effects of Social Injustice	153	(4)
Oppression through Discrimination	153	(1)
Interpersonal Dehumanization	154	(2)
Personal Victimization	156	(1)
Opportunities, Obstacles, and Empowerment	157	(1)
Social Work's Mandate for Social Justice	158	(1)
Looking Forward	159	(1)
Diversity and Social Work	160	(35)
Diversity and Minority Status	162	(2)
Responses to Dominance	162	(1)
Ethnic Identity	163	(1)
Cultural Pluralism	163	(1)
Sociocultural Dissonance	164	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Diversity	164	(15)
Black Americans	166	(4)
Asian Americans	170	(3)
Native Americans	173	(2)
Hispanic Americans	175	(3)
Cultural Competence	178	(1)
Religious Diversity	179	(5)
Religion in Today's World	179	(1)
Religion in Community	180	(1)
Religion and Spirituality	181	(1)
Implications of Religious Diversity	182	(1)
The Resources of the Religious Community	183	(1)
Religion and Social Work	184	(1)
Sexual Diversity	184	(8)
Sex and Gender	185	(3)
Homophobia	188	(1)
Work-Related Issues for Gays and Lesbians	189	(1)
Social Work with Gay and Lesbian Adolescents	189	(1)
Issues for Social Work	190	(2)
Social Work with Diverse Populations	192	(1)
Looking Forward	192	(3)
PART THREE Generalist Social Work	195	(84)
Empowering Processes for Social Work Practice	197	(27)
An Empowerment-Based Generic Process of Social Work Practice	199	(2)
From Expert Professional to Collaborative Partner	199	(1)
A Generic Approach	200	(1)
Forming Partnerships	201	(3)
Professional Relationships	201	(1)
The Nature of Clients' Participation	202	(1)
Interpersonal Skills	202	(2)
Articulating Situations	204	(2)
Cultural Context	206	(1)
Defining Directions	206	(2)
Preemptive Actions	207	(1)
Referrals	207	(1)
Identifying Strengths	208	(1)
Assessing Resource Capabilities	209	(2)
Competence Clarification	209	(1)
Social Studies	210	(1)
Framing Solutions	211	(4)
Goals and Objectives	212	(2)
Plans of Action	214	(1)
Implementing Action Plans	215	(4)
Activating Resources	216	(1)
Creating Alliances	216	(1)
Expanding Opportunities	217	(2)
Recognizing Success	219	(3)
Types of Practice Evaluation	220	(2)
Integrating Gains	222	(1)
Looking Forward	223	(1)
Social Work Functions and Roles	224	(27)
A Generalist Approach	226	(2)
Functions of Social Work	226	(1)
Social Work Roles and Strategies	226	(2)
Consultancy	228	(7)
Microlevel: Enabler Role	229	(2)
Midlevel: Facilitator Role	231	(1)
Macrolevel: Planner Role	232	(2)
Professional System: Colleague and Monitor Roles	234	(1)
Resource Management	235	(9)
Microlevel: Broker and Advocate Roles	236	(4)
Midlevel: Convener and Mediator Roles	240	(1)
Macrolevel: Activist Role	241	(2)
Professional System: Catalyst Role	243	(1)
Education	244	(5)
Microlevel: Teacher Role	245	(1)
Midlevel: Trainer Role	246	(1)
Macrolevel: Outreach Role	247	(1)
Professional System: Researcher and Scholar Roles	248	(1)
Integrating Practice, Policy, and Research	249	(1)
Looking Forward	250	(1)
Social Work and Social Policy	251	(28)
Social Policy	252	(4)
What Is Social Policy?	252	(1)
Social Policy as Process: Policy Formulation	253	(1)
Social Policy as a Product: Policy Implementation	253	(1)
Examining Social Policy: Policy Analysis	253	(3)
The Influence of Values	256	(1)
Social Policy and Political Ideologies	256	(2)
Liberalism	256	(1)
Conservativism	257	(1)
Radicalism	257	(1)
Social Work and Political Ideologies	258	(1)
Social Work and Social Policy	258	(2)
Social Workers as Policy Practitioners	260	(1)
Street-Level Services	260	(2)
Street-Level Bureaucracies	261	(1)
Street-Level Bureaucrats	261	(1)
Street-Level Clients	262	(1)
Public Welfare Policy in the Twentieth Century	262	(10)
Genesis of Reform: Early-Twentieth-Century Legislation	262	(1)
Organized Ways of Helping	263	(1)
The Emergence of Public Welfare: The New Deal Programs	264	(3)
Provisions for Economic and Social Security	267	(2)
The Great Society Programs: A Welfare Rights Initiative	269	(2)
Movement toward New Federalism	271	(1)
Welfare Reform in the 1990s	272	(1)
Current Public Welfare Programs	272	(5)
OASDI	272	(1)
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)	273	(2)
Supplemental Security Income	275	(1)
General Assistance	275	(1)
Medicare and Medicaid	276	(1)
Food Stamps	276	(1)
Social Service Provisions of Title XX	277	(1)
Looking Forward	277	(2)
PART FOUR Contemporary Issues in Fields of Practice	279	(164)
Social Work in the Public Domain	281	(32)
Social Work and Poverty	282	(9)
The Other America	282	(1)
Who Are the Poor?	283	(2)
Relative and Absolute Poverty	285	(1)
Why Are People Poor?	286	(3)
Service Responses to Poverty	289	(2)
Social Work and Homelessness	291	(5)
Misconceptions about Homelessness	291	(1)
Incidence of Homelessness	292	(2)
The Federal Response to Homelessness	294	(1)
Social Work's Response to Homelessness	295	(1)
Social Work and Unemployment	296	(3)
The Economy and Unemployment	296	(1)
The Consequences of Unemployment	297	(1)
Unemployment Benefits	298	(1)
Services for People Who Are Unemployed	298	(1)
Social Work in Criminal Justice	299	(12)
Crime and Delinquency	300	(2)
Crime and Punishment	302	(1)
The Criminal Justice System	303	(2)
Social Work Role in Criminal Justice	305	(6)
Concluding Remarks	311	(2)
Social Work in Health, Rehabilitation, and Mental Health	313	(42)
Social Work in Health Systems	314	(8)
The System of Health Care	315	(1)
Social Work's Contribution to Health Care	315	(1)
Social Work in Public Health	315	(2)
Social Work in Primary Health Care	317	(1)
Hospital-Based Services	317	(3)
Social Work in Long-Term Care	320	(2)
Social Work and Genetics	322	(2)
Ethical Issues	323	(1)
Social Work and AIDS	324	(5)
Prevalence	324	(1)
Issues Facing Persons with HIVIAIDS	325	(2)
The Social Work Response to HIVIAIDS	327	(2)
Social Work and Physical Disabilities	329	(7)
Settings	329	(1)
Demographic Data	330	(1)
Unique Challenges	330	(1)
Empowering Relationships	331	(1)
Vocational Rehabilitation	331	(2)
Environmental Modifications	333	(3)
Social Work and Developmental Disabilities	336	(4)
Types of Developmental Dishabilities	336	(1)
Legislative Mandates	337	(1)
Institutional versus Community-Based Services	337	(1)
Social Service Delivery Issues	338	(2)
Social Work and Mental Health	340	(7)
DSM IV-TR	341	(1)
Prevalence of Mental Disorders	341	(1)
Theories of Mental Illness and Intervention	341	(3)
Service Delivery	344	(1)
Deinstitutionalization	345	(1)
Social Work in Mental Health	346	(1)
Social Work and Chemical Dependency	347	(7)
Alcohol and Drug Dependence	347	(1)
Prevalence of Substance Abuse	348	(1)
Special Populations and Alcohol Abuse	349	(1)
Delivery of Services	349	(1)
Substance Abuse Prevention Programs	350	(2)
Social Work Roles	352	(2)
Concluding Remarks	354	(1)
Social Work with Families and Youths	355	(50)
The Contemporary Family	356	(12)
Variations in Family Form	356	(4)
Family Functions	360	(1)
Family Roles	361	(2)
Family-Centered Services	363	(2)
A Family Systems Perspective	365	(2)
Social Work's Support of Families	367	(1)
Child Maltreatment	368	(5)
Historical Perspective	368	(1)
Legal Definition of Child Abuse and Neglect	369	(1)
Types of Child Abuse and Neglect	370	(1)
Incidence	371	(1)
Factors Contributing to Child Maltreatment	371	(1)
Psychological Effects of Child Maltreatment	372	(1)
Sexual Abuse of Children	372	(1)
Child Welfare Services	373	(20)
Child Welfare Legislation	373	(2)
Supportive, Supplemental, and Substitutive Services	375	(2)
Primary Prevention	377	(3)
Family Support and Family Preservation Services	380	(2)
Day Care	382	(1)
Family Group Conferencing	382	(2)
Foster Care	384	(5)
Residential Group Homes and Institutional Care	389	(1)
Adoption	389	(3)
Child Welfare Services Continuum	392	(1)
Family-Centered Approach to Child Welfare	393	(1)
Social Work in the Schools	393	(4)
Types of Programs and Services	394	(1)
Children with Special Educational Needs	394	(1)
Early Developmental Screening	395	(1)
Developmental Transitions	396	(1)
Specialized Services for Adolescents	397	(7)
Factors Enhancing Resiliency and Promoting Competence	398	(1)
Model Programs	399	(1)
Teen Pregnancy	400	(1)
Adolescent Suicide	401	(1)
Runaway Youths	402	(1)
Eating Disorders	402	(1)
Adolescent Youths as Resources for Building Competent Communities	402	(2)
Concluding Remarks	404	(1)
Adult and Aging Services	405	(38)
Services for Adults	406	(8)
Infertility Counseling	406	(1)
Financial Stress	407	(1)
Providing Care for Aging Parents	407	(3)
Bereavement Counseling	410	(1)
Occupational Social Work	411	(3)
Intimate Partner Violence	414	(9)
Incidence	415	(1)
International Dimensions	416	(1)
Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence	416	(2)
The Violence Against Women Act	418	(1)
TANF Exceptions and Domestic Violence	418	(1)
Service Responses to Intimate Partner Violence	419	(1)
Violence among Sexual Minorities	420	(2)
Children's Reactions to Domestic Violence	422	(1)
Elder Abuse	423	(3)
Types of Elder Abuse	423	(1)
Dynamics of Elder Abuse	424	(1)
Identification of Elder Abuse	425	(1)
Ethical Issues	425	(1)
Social Service Responses	425	(1)
Services for Older Adults	426	(16)
Setting the Record Straight about Aging	427	(1)
Successful Aging	428	(2)
Gerontological Social Work	430	(1)
Issues in Working with Older Adults	430	(1)
Continuum of Services	431	(1)
Case Management Services for Older Adults	432	(5)
Adult Day Care and Respite Services	437	(1)
Social Work in Nursing Homes	438	(1)
Multipurpose Senior Centers	439	(1)
Senior Volunteers	440	(2)
Challenge to Social Workers	442	(1)
Concluding Remarks	442	(1)
Epilogue	443	(2)
Appendix A Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers	445	(22)
Appendix B A Code of Ethics for Radical Social Service Workers	467	(4)
References	471	(34)
Name Index	505	(7)
Subject Index	512