Social Work : An Empowering Profession

by DuBois, Brenda L.; Miley, Karla Krogsrud

• ISBN13: 9780205401802
• ISBN10: 0205401805
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Social Work experts Brenda DuBois and Karla Miley provide a discipline-oriented approach to social work in Social Work: An Empowering Profession, Fifth Edition. This book integrates the CSWE foundational content areas and the contemporary themes of empowerment, strengths, and social justice and fully incorporates the strengths or empowerment perspective. This new edition now includes the full text of the International Federation of Social Workers Code of Ethics, The Ethics of Social Work: Principles and Standards. This book offers readers a strong generalist eco-systems approach while examining values and ethics, cultural diversity, social justice, social work practice, human behavior, populations at risk, and policy and services. The authors detail the roles of the social worker in the functions of consultation, resource management, and education and present an easy-to-understand paradigm that shows entry-level human service professionals how the partnership between practitioners and consumers takes place at all systems levels.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
PART ONE The Profession of Social Work
1 Social Work: A Helping Profession	3	(26)
Who Are Social Workers?	5	(1)
Caring Professionals	5	(1)
What Do Social Workers Do?	6	(4)
Voices from the Field	6	(3)
Generalist Social Work	9	(1)
What Is the Purpose of Social Work?	10	(7)
Social Work's Purpose	10	(1)
Social Work's Goals	11	(2)
Strengths and Needs	13	(3)
Interactions of Strengths and Needs	16	(1)
How Are Social Work and Social Welfare Related?	17	(6)
Social Institutions	17	(1)
The Social Welfare Institution	18	(1)
Functions of Social Welfare	18	(1)
Fields of Social Work Practice	19	(3)
Social Work, Social Welfare, and Society	22	(1)
How Is Social Work an Empowering Profession?	23	(5)
Empowerment Defined	25	(1)
Access to Resources	25	(1)
Implications for Social Work	26	(2)
Looking Forward	28	(1)
2 An Evolving Profession	29	(28)
The Emergence of Social Work as a Profession	30	(4)
Early Social Welfare Organizations	30	(1)
Charity Organization Societies	31	(1)
Settlement House Movement	32	(2)
Defining Social Work as a Profession	34	(9)
Social Casework	35	(1)
Psychoanalytic Movement	36	(1)
Public Welfare Movement	37	(1)
Social Group Work and Community Organization	38	(1)
Dual Perspective	39	(1)
Social Reform	40	(2)
Ecosystems Approach	42	(1)
The Evolving Definition of Social Work	42	(1)
The Quest for Professional Status	43	(6)
"Is Social Work a Profession?"	43	(3)
The Rise of Professional Organizations	46	(1)
The Development of Professional Education	47	(1)
Social Work Today	48	(1)
The Common Base of Social Work Practice	49	(5)
Professional Values	50	(1)
The Knowledge Base of Social Work	50	(2)
The Skill Base of Social Work	52	(2)
Tenets for the Social Work Profession	54	(2)
Looking Forward	56	(1)
3 Social Work and Social Systems	57	(21)
The Ecosystems Perspective	59	(4)
The Social Systems View	59	(3)
The Ecological Perspective	62	(1)
The Ecosystems View	63	(1)
Social Functioning	63	(5)
Types of Social Functioning	64	(1)
Environmental Press	65	(1)
Social Problems and Social Functioning	66	(1)
Environmental Context of Generalist Social Work	67	(1)
Client Systems in Social Work	68	(6)
Microlevel Intervention	69	(1)
Midlevel Intervention	69	(2)
Macrolevel Intervention	71	(1)
Working with the Social Work Profession	72	(2)
Social Work Methods	74	(3)
Casework	74	(1)
Group Work	75	(1)
Community Organization	75	(1)
The Integrated Generalist Model	76	(1)
Looking Forward	77	(1)
4 The Social Service Delivery System	78	(27)
Social Service Settings	79	(10)
Public and Private Auspices	80	(1)
Agencies and Associations	81	(1)
Primary and Host Settings	82	(1)
Sectarian and Nonsectarian Affiliations	83	(1)
Nonprofit or For-Profit Status	83	(1)
Independent Practice	84	(1)
Geographic Location	85	(4)
The Funding of Services	89	(7)
Federal and State Funding	90	(1)
Grants	91	(1)
Community Funds	91	(1)
Endowments and Special Funds	92	(1)
Fees-for-Service	92	(1)
Insurance Reimbursement	92	(1)
Purchase of Service Contracting	93	(1)
Issues in Funding	93	(3)
Staffing Patterns	96	(5)
Social Work Professionals	96	(2)
Paraprofessionals	98	(1)
Volunteers	99	(1)
Computers and Technology in Service Delivery	100	(1)
Self-Help Groups as Resources	101	(1)
Service Delivery Issues	102	(2)
Fragmented Services	102	(1)
Coordinated Services	103	(1)
User Involvement	103	(1)
Service Delivery Reform	104	(1)
Looking Forward	104	(1)
PART TWO Social Work Perspectives	105	(90)
5 Values and Ethics in Social Work	107	(26)
Values and Ethics	109	(1)
Values Defined	109	(1)
Ethics Defined	110	(1)
The Foundation of Professional Social Work Values	110	(3)
Focus on Individual Morality	111	(1)
The Moral Imperatives for the Profession	111	(1)
Common Values of Social Work	112	(1)
The Value Context of Social Work	113	(8)
Society and Values	114	(3)
Values and the Social Work Profession	117	(1)
The Agency and Values	118	(1)
The Client System and Values	119	(1)
The Presenting Problem and Values	119	(1)
Social Workers' Personal Values	120	(1)
Social Work Codes of Ethics	121	(3)
The NASW Code of Ethics	121	(2)
The International Code of Ethics	123	(1)
The Radical Code of Ethics	123	(1)
The Significance of Ethical Codes	124	(1)
Ethical Principles for Social Work	124	(7)
Acceptance	126	(1)
Individualization	126	(1)
Purposeful Expression of Feelings	126	(1)
Nonjudgmental Attitudes	127	(1)
Objectivity	128	(1)
Controlled Emotional Involvement	128	(2)
Self-Determination	130	(1)
Access to Resources	130	(1)
Confidentiality	131	(1)
Accountability	131	(1)
Looking Forward	131	(2)
6 Social Work and Social Justice	133	(27)
Human Rights in Society	135	(3)
Universal Human Rights	135	(1)
Civil Rights and Civil Liberties	136	(1)
The Right to Social Welfare	137	(1)
The Mandate for Social Justice	138	(1)
Social Injustice: The "Isms"	138	(9)
Racism	139	(2)
Elitism	141	(1)
Sexism	142	(1)
Heterosexism	142	(1)
Ageism	143	(1)
Handicapism	144	(3)
The Collective Isms	147	(1)
The Bases of Social Injustice	147	(6)
Social Darwinism	147	(2)
Sociological Theories	149	(1)
Psychological Theories	150	(1)
Blaming the Victim	151	(1)
Just World Beliefs	152	(1)
Behavioral Aspects of Discrimination	152	(1)
Effects of Social Injustice	153	(4)
Oppression through Discrimination	153	(1)
Interpersonal Dehumanization	154	(1)
Personal Victimization	155	(2)
Opportunities, Obstacles, and Empowerment	157	(1)
Social Work's Mandate for Social Justice	158	(1)
Looking Forward	159	(1)
7 Diversity and Social Work	160	(35)
Diversity and Minority Status	162	(3)
Responses to Dominance	162	(1)
Ethnic Identity	163	(1)
Cultural Pluralism	163	(1)
Sociocultural Dissonance	164	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Diversity	165	(16)
Black Americans	166	(4)
Asian Americans	170	(4)
Native Americans	174	(2)
Hispanic Americans	176	(2)
Cultural Competence	178	(3)
Religious Diversity	181	(5)
Religion in Today's World	181	(1)
Religion in Community	182	(1)
Religion and Spirituality	182	(1)
Implications of Religious Diversity	183	(2)
The Resources of the Religious Community	185	(1)
Religion and Social Work	185	(1)
Sexual Diversity	186	(6)
Sex and Gender	187	(1)
Homophobia	188	(1)
Work-Related Issues for Gays and Lesbians	189	(1)
Social Work with Gay and Lesbian Adolescents	190	(1)
Issues for Social Work	190	(2)
Social Work with Diverse Populations	192	(1)
Looking Forward	193	(2)
PART THREE Generalist Social Work	195	(86)
8 Empowering Processes for Social Work Practice	197	(28)
An Empowerment-Based Generic Process of Social Work Practice	199	(2)
From Expert Professional to Collaborative Partner	199	(1)
A Generic Approach	200	(1)
Forming Partnerships	201	(3)
Professional Relationships	201	(1)
The Nature of Clients' Participation	202	(1)
Interpersonal Skills	202	(2)
Articulating Situations	204	(2)
Cultural Context	205	(1)
Defining Directions	206	(2)
Preemptive Actions	207	(1)
Referrals	207	(1)
Identifying Strengths	208	(1)
Assessing Resource Capabilities	209	(3)
Competence Clarification	209	(1)
Social Studies	210	(2)
Framing Solutions	212	(3)
Goals and Objectives	213	(1)
Plans of Action	213	(2)
Implementing Action Plans	215	(4)
Activating Resources	215	(1)
Creating Alliances	216	(2)
Expanding Opportunities	218	(1)
Recognizing Success	219	(4)
Types of Practice Evaluation	219	(4)
Integrating Gains	223	(1)
Looking Forward	224	(1)
9 Social Work Functions and Roles	225	(26)
A Generalist Approach	227	(2)
Functions of Social Work	227	(1)
Social Work Roles and Strategies	227	(2)
Consultancy	229	(6)
Microlevel: Enabler Role	230	(1)
Midlevel: Facilitator Role	231	(1)
Macrolevel: Planner Role	232	(2)
Professional System: Colleague and Monitor Roles	234	(1)
Resource Management	235	(10)
Microlevel: Broker and Advocate Roles	236	(4)
Midlevel: Convener and Mediator Roles	240	(1)
Macrolevel: Activist Role	241	(2)
Professional System: Catalyst Role	243	(2)
Education	245	(4)
Microlevel: Teacher Role	246	(1)
Midlevel: Trainer Role	247	(1)
Macrolevel: Outreach Role	248	(1)
Professional System: Researcher and Scholar Roles	248	(1)
Integrating Practice, Policy, and Research	249	(1)
Looking Forward	250	(1)
10 Social Work and Social Policy	251	(30)
Social Policy	252	(5)
What Is Social Policy?	252	(1)
Social Policy as Process: Policy Formulation	253	(1)
Social Policy as a Product: Policy Implementation	253	(1)
Examining Social Policy: Policy Analysis	253	(4)
The Influence of Values	257	(1)
Social Policy and Political Ideologies	257	(2)
Liberalism	257	(1)
Conservativism	258	(1)
Radicalism	258	(1)
Social Work and Political Ideologies	258	(1)
Social Work and Social Policy	259	(2)
Social Workers as Policy Practitioners	261	(1)
Street-Level Services	261	(2)
Street-Level Bureaucracies	261	(1)
Street-Level Bureaucrats	262	(1)
Street-Level Clients	262	(1)
Public Welfare Policy in the Twentieth Century	263	(9)
Genesis of Reform: Early-Twentieth-Century Legislation	264	(1)
Organized Ways of Helping	264	(1)
The Emergence of Public Welfare: The New Deal Programs	265	(2)
Provisions for Economic and Social Security	267	(2)
The Great Society Programs: A Welfare Rights Initiative	269	(2)
Movement toward New Federalism	271	(1)
Welfare Reform in the 1990's	272	(1)
Current Public Welfare Programs	272	(7)
OASDI	272	(1)
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)	273	(4)
Supplemental Security Income	277	(1)
General Assistance	277	(1)
Medicare and Medicaid	278	(1)
Food Stamps	278	(1)
Social Service Provisions of Title XX	279	(1)
Looking Forward	279	(2)
PART FOUR Contemporary Issues in Fields of Practice	281	(164)
11 Social Work in the Public Domain	283	(32)
Social Work and Poverty	284	(9)
The Other America	284	(2)
Who Are the Poor?	286	(1)
Relative and Absolute Poverty	287	(1)
Why Are People Poor?	288	(3)
Service Responses to Poverty	291	(2)
Social Work and Homelessness	293	(5)
Misconceptions about Homelessness	293	(1)
Incidence of Homelessness	294	(3)
The Federal Response to Homelessness	297	(1)
Social Work's Response to Homelessness	297	(1)
Social Work and Unemployment	298	(4)
The Economy and Unemployment	299	(1)
The Consequences of Unemployment	300	(1)
Unemployment Benefits	300	(1)
Services for People Who Are Unemployed	301	(1)
Social Work in Criminal Justice	302	(12)
Crime and Delinquency	303	(1)
Crime and Punishment	304	(1)
The Criminal Justice System	305	(2)
Social Work Role in Criminal Justice	307	(7)
Concluding Remarks	314	(1)
12 Social Work in Health, Rehabilitation, and Mental Health	315	(43)
Social Work in Health Systems	316	(9)
The System of Health Care	317	(1)
Social Work's Contribution to Health Care	317	(1)
Social Work in Public Health	317	(2)
Social Work in Primary Health Care	319	(1)
Hospital-Based Services	320	(2)
Social Work in Long-Term Care	322	(3)
Social Work and Genetics	325	(2)
Ethical Issues	326	(1)
Social Work and AIDS	327	(5)
Prevalence	327	(1)
Issues Facing Persons with HIV/AIDS	328	(2)
The Social Work Response to HIV/AIDS	330	(2)
Social Work and Physical Disabilities	332	(7)
Settings	332	(1)
Demographic Data	333	(1)
Unique Challenges	333	(1)
Empowering Relationships	334	(1)
Vocational Rehabilitation	334	(2)
Environmental Modifications	336	(3)
Social Work and Developmental Disabilities	339	(4)
Types of Developmental Disabilities	339	(1)
Legislative Mandates	340	(1)
Institutional versus Community-Based Services	340	(1)
Social Service Delivery Issues	341	(2)
Social Work and Mental Health	343	(6)
DSM IV-TR	344	(1)
Prevalence of Mental Disorders	344	(1)
Theories of Mental Illness and Intervention	344	(2)
Service Delivery	346	(2)
Deinstitutionalization	348	(1)
Social Work in Mental Health	349	(1)
Social Work and Chemical Dependency	349	(7)
Alcohol and Drug Dependence	350	(1)
Prevalence of Substance Abuse	351	(1)
Special Populations and Alcohol Abuse	351	(1)
Delivery of Services	352	(1)
Substance Abuse Prevention Programs	353	(2)
Social Work Roles	355	(1)
Concluding Remarks	356	(2)
13 Social Work with Families and Youths	358	(48)
The Contemporary Family	359	(11)
Variations in Family Form	359	(5)
Family Functions	364	(1)
Family Roles	364	(2)
Family-Centered Services	366	(2)
A Family Systems Perspective	368	(2)
Social Work's Support of Families	370	(1)
Child Maltreatment	370	(6)
Historical Perspective	371	(1)
Legal Definition of Child Abuse and Neglect	372	(1)
Types of Child Abuse and Neglect	373	(1)
Incidence	373	(1)
Factors Contributing to Child Maltreatment	374	(1)
Psychological Effects of Child Maltreatment	374	(1)
Sexual Abuse of Children	374	(2)
Child Welfare Services	376	(19)
Child Welfare Legislation	376	(2)
Supportive, Supplemental, and Substitutive Services	378	(1)
Primary Prevention	379	(3)
Family Support and Family Preservation Services	382	(3)
Day Care	385	(1)
Family Group Conferencing	386	(1)
Foster Care	387	(4)
Residential Group Homes and Institutional Care	391	(1)
Adoption	392	(1)
Child Welfare Services Continuum	393	(2)
Family-Centered Approach to Child Welfare	395	(1)
Social Work in the Schools	395	(4)
Types of Programs and Services	396	(1)
Children with Special Educational Needs	396	(1)
Early Developmental Screening	397	(1)
Developmental Transitions	398	(1)
Specialized Services for Adolescents	399	(6)
Factors Enhancing Resiliency and Promoting Competence	399	(2)
Model Programs	401	(1)
Teen Pregnancy	402	(1)
Adolescent Suicide	403	(1)
Runaway Youths	403	(1)
Eating Disorders	404	(1)
Adolescent Youths as Resources for Building Competent Communities	404	(1)
Concluding Remarks	405	(1)
14 Adult and Aging Services	406	(39)
Services for Adults	407	(8)
Infertility Counseling	407	(1)
Financial Stress	408	(1)
Providing Care for Aging Parents	408	(3)
Bereavement Counseling	411	(1)
Occupational Social Work	412	(3)
Intimate Partner Violence	415	(9)
Incidence	416	(1)
International Dimensions	417	(1)
Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence	417	(2)
The Violence Against Women Act	419	(1)
TANF Exceptions and Domestic Violence	419	(1)
Service Responses to Intimate Partner Violence	419	(2)
Violence among Sexual Minorities	421	(1)
Children's Reactions to Domestic Violence	422	(2)
Elder Abuse	424	(3)
Types of Elder Abuse	424	(1)
Dynamics of Elder Abuse	425	(1)
Identification of Elder Abuse	425	(1)
Ethical Issues	426	(1)
Social Service Responses	426	(1)
Services for Older Adults	427	(17)
Setting the Record Straight about Aging	428	(1)
Successful Aging	429	(2)
Gerontological Social Work	431	(1)
Issues in Working with Older Adults	431	(2)
Continuum of Services	433	(1)
Case Management Services for Older Adults	433	(5)
Adult Day Care and Respite Services	438	(1)
Social Work in Nursing Homes	438	(3)
Multipurpose Senior Centers	441	(1)
Senior Volunteers	441	(3)
Challenge to Social Workers	444	(1)
Concluding Remarks	444	(1)
Epilogue	445	(2)
Appendix A Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers	447	(20)
Appendix B Code of Ethics of the International Federation of Social Workers	467	(6)
References	473	(34)
Name Index	507	(7)
Subject Index	514