Society: The Basics

by MacIonis, John J.

• ISBN13: 9780131922440
• ISBN10: 0131922440
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback w/CD
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Placing an emphasis on global perspectives and current research, this wide praised and adopted sociology textbook introduces the reader to the field of sociology. & John Macionis, like many people, took a college course that shaped his life. His first sociology course helped him make sense of the world. John shares his enthusiasm, excitement, and teaching experience through a clear and engaging writing style and emphasis on sociology's relevance to everyday life.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
About the Author	xxxi
Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method	1	(33)
The Sociological Perspective	2	(6)
Seeing the General in the Particular	2	(1)
Seeing the Strange in the Familiar	2	(2)
Seeing Individuality in Social Context	4	(1)
Benefits of the Sociological Perspective	5	(1)
Applied Sociology	6	(1)
The Importance of a Global Perspective	6	(2)
The Origins of Sociology	8	(3)
Social Change and Sociology	8	(1)
Science and Sociology	9	(1)
Gender and Race: Marginal Voices	10	(1)
Sociological Theory	11	(4)
The Structural-Functional Approach	11	(1)
The Social-Conflict Approach	12	(1)
The Symbolic-Interaction Approach	13	(2)
Three Ways to do Sociology	15	(4)
Scientific Sociology	15	(3)
Interpretive Sociology	18	(1)
Critical Sociology	19	(1)
Methods and Theory	19	(1)
Research Ethics	19	(1)
Gender and Research	20	(1)
Research Methods	20	(8)
Testing a Hypothesis: The Experiment	20	(2)
Asking Questions: The Survey	22	(3)
In the Field: Participant Observation	25	(1)
Using Available Data: Existing Sources	26	(2)
Putting it all Together: Ten Steps in Sociological Research	28	(6)
Summary	30	(1)
Key Concepts	30	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	31	(1)
Applications and Exercises	31	(1)
Sites to See	32	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	32	(1)
Military Mirrors Working-Class America	33	(1)
Culture	34	(28)
What is Culture?	36	(3)
Culture and Human Intelligence	38	(1)
The Components of Culture	39	(5)
Symbols	40	(1)
Language	40	(3)
Values and Beliefs	43	(1)
Norms	44	(1)
Ideal and Real Culture	44	(1)
Technology and Culture	44	(2)
Hunting and Gathering	45	(1)
Horticulture and Pastoralism	45	(1)
Agriculture	46	(1)
Industry	46	(1)
Postindustrial Information Technology	46	(1)
Cultural Diversity	46	(8)
High Culture and Popular Culture	47	(1)
Subculture	48	(1)
Multiculturalism	49	(2)
Counterculture	51	(1)
Cultural Change	51	(1)
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism	52	(2)
A Global Culture?	54	(1)
Theoretical Analysis of Culture	54	(3)
Structural-Functional Analysis	54	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis	55	(1)
Sociobiology	56	(1)
Culture and Human Freedom	57	(5)
Summary	59	(1)
Key Concepts	59	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	60	(1)
Applications and Exercises	60	(1)
Sites to See	60	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	60	(1)
Cultural Divide over Parental Discipline	61	(1)
Socialization: From Infancy to Old Age	62	(24)
Social Experience: The Key to Our Humanity	64	(2)
Human Development: Nature and Nurture	64	(1)
Social Isolation	65	(1)
Understanding Socialization	66	(5)
Sigmund Freud's Elements of Personality	66	(1)
Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development	67	(1)
Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development	68	(1)
Carol Gilligan's Theory of Gender and Moral Development	68	(1)
George Herbert Mead's Theory of the Social Self	68	(2)
Erik H. Erikson's Eight Stages of Development	70	(1)
Agents of Socialization	71	(4)
The Family	71	(1)
The School	72	(1)
The Peer Group	72	(1)
The Mass Media	72	(3)
Socialization and the Life Course	75	(6)
Childhood	75	(1)
Adolescence	76	(1)
Adulthood	76	(1)
Old Age	77	(2)
Death and Dying	79	(1)
The Life Course: Patterns and Variations	80	(1)
Resocialization: Total Institutions	81	(5)
Summary	82	(1)
Key Concepts	83	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	83	(1)
Applications and Exercises	84	(1)
Sites to See	84	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	84	(1)
Elderly Immigrants Embrace Nursing Homes	85	(1)
Social Interaction in Everyday Life	86	(22)
Social Structure: A Guide to Everyday Living	88	(1)
Status	89	(1)
Ascribed and Achieved Status	89	(1)
Master Status	89	(1)
Role	90	(2)
Role Conflict and Role Strain	90	(1)
Role Exit	90	(2)
The Social Construction of Reality	92	(3)
``Street Smarts''	92	(1)
The Thomas Theorem	93	(1)
Ethnomethodology	93	(1)
Reality Building: Class and Culture	94	(1)
Dramaturgical Analysis: ``The Presentation of Self''	95	(4)
Performances	95	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	96	(1)
Gender and Performances	97	(1)
Idealization	98	(1)
Embarrassment and Tact	98	(1)
Interaction in Everyday Life: Three Applications	99	(9)
Emotions: The Social Construction of Feeling	99	(2)
Language: The Social Construction of Gender	101	(2)
Reality Play: The Social Construction of Humor	103	(3)
Summary	106	(1)
Key Concepts	106	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	107	(1)
Applications and Exercises	107	(1)
Sites to See	107	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	107	(1)
Groups and Organizations	108	(26)
Social Groups	110	(8)
Primary and Secondary Groups	110	(2)
Group Leadership	112	(1)
Group Conformity	113	(1)
Reference Groups	114	(1)
In-Groups and Out-Groups	115	(1)
Group Size	115	(1)
Social Diversity: Race, Class, and Gender	116	(1)
Networks	116	(2)
Formal Organizations	118	(5)
Types of Formal Organizations	119	(1)
Origins of Bureaucracy	119	(1)
Characteristics of Bureaucracy	120	(1)
Organizational Environment	120	(1)
The Informal Side of Bureaucracy	121	(1)
Problems of Bureaucracy	122	(1)
The Evolution of Formal Organizations	123	(7)
Scientific Management	123	(1)
The First Challenge: Race and Gender	124	(1)
The Second Challenge: The Japanese Work Organization	125	(1)
The Third Challenge: The Changing Nature of Work	125	(2)
The ``McDonaldization'' of Society	127	(3)
The Future of Organizations: Opposing Trends	130	(4)
Summary	130	(1)
Key Concepts	131	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	132	(1)
Applications and Exercises	132	(1)
Sites to See	132	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	132	(1)
Snoop Software Gains Power and Raises Privacy Concerns	133	(1)
Sexuality and Society	134	(26)
Understanding Sexuality	136	(4)
Sex: A Biological Issue	136	(1)
Sex and the Body	137	(1)
Sex: A Cultural Issue	138	(1)
The Incest Taboo	139	(1)
Sexual Attitudes in the United States	140	(3)
The Sexual Revolution	140	(1)
The Sexual Counterrevolution	141	(2)
Premarital Sex	143	(1)
Sex between Adults	143	(1)
Extramarital Sex	143	(1)
Sexual Orientation	143	(3)
What Gives Us a Sexual Orientation?	144	(1)
How Many Gay People Are There?	145	(1)
The Gay Rights Movement	146	(1)
Sexual Controversies	146	(6)
Teen Pregnancy	146	(1)
Pornography	147	(1)
Prostitution	148	(2)
Sexual Violence: Rape and Date Rape	150	(2)
Theoretical Analysis of Sexuality	152	(8)
Structural-Functional Analysis	152	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis	153	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis	154	(2)
Summary	156	(1)
Key Concepts	157	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	157	(1)
Applications and Exercises	158	(1)
Sites to See	158	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	158	(1)
The Skin Wars Start Earlier and Earlier	159	(1)
Deviance	160	(30)
What is Deviance?	162	(2)
The Biological Context	163	(1)
Personality Factors	164	(1)
The Social Foundations of Deviance	164	(1)
The Functions of Deviance: Structural-Functional Analysis	164	(3)
Durkheim's Basic Insight	165	(1)
Merton's Strain Theory	165	(1)
Deviant Subcultures	166	(1)
Labeling Deviance: Symbolic-Interaction Analysis	167	(4)
Labeling Theory	167	(1)
Primary and Secondary Deviance	167	(1)
Stigma	168	(1)
Labeling Difference as Deviance	169	(1)
The Medicalization of Deviance	169	(1)
Sutherland's Differential Association Theory	170	(1)
Hirschi's Control Theory	170	(1)
Deviance and Inequality: Social-Conflict Analysis	171	(2)
Deviance and Power	171	(1)
Deviance and Capitalism	171	(1)
White-Collar Crime	172	(1)
Corporate Crime	172	(1)
Organized Crime	172	(1)
Deviance, Race, and Gender	173	(2)
Hate Crimes	173	(1)
Deviance and Gender	174	(1)
Crime	175	(4)
Types of Crime	175	(2)
Criminal Statistics	177	(1)
The Street Criminal: A Profile	177	(1)
Crime in Global Perspective	178	(1)
The U.S. Criminal Justice System	179	(11)
Due Process	180	(1)
Police	181	(1)
Courts	181	(1)
Punishment	182	(2)
Community-Based Corrections	184	(2)
Summary	186	(2)
Key Concepts	188	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	188	(1)
Applications and Exercises	188	(1)
Sites to See	189	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	189	(1)
Social Stratification	190	(34)
What is Social Stratification?	192	(1)
Caste and Class Systems	193	(5)
The Caste System	193	(2)
The Class System	195	(1)
Classless Societies?	196	(2)
Ideology: The Power behind Stratification	198	(1)
The Functions of Social Stratification	198	(2)
The Davis-Moore Thesis	199	(1)
Stratification and Conflict	200	(3)
Karl Marx: Class Conflict	200	(1)
Why No Marxist Revolution?	201	(1)
Max Weber: Class, Status, and Power	202	(1)
Stratification and Technology: A Global Perspective	203	(2)
Inequality in the United States	205	(3)
Income, Wealth, and Power	205	(1)
Occupational Prestige	206	(1)
Schooling	206	(1)
Ancestry, Race, and Gender	207	(1)
Social Class in the United States	208	(2)
The Upper Class	208	(1)
The Middle Class	209	(1)
The Working Class	209	(1)
The Lower Class	210	(1)
The Difference Class Makes	210	(1)
Health	210	(1)
Values and Attitudes	210	(1)
Politics	210	(1)
Family and Gender	211	(1)
Social Mobility	211	(4)
Myth versus Reality	211	(1)
Mobility by Income Level	212	(1)
Mobility: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender	212	(1)
The American Dream: Still a Reality?	213	(2)
The Global Economy and the U.S. Class Structure	215	(1)
Poverty in the United States	215	(9)
The Extent of Poverty	216	(1)
Who Are the Poor?	216	(1)
Explaining Poverty	217	(3)
Homelessness	220	(1)
Class, Welfare, Politics, and Values	220	(1)
Summary	221	(1)
Key Concepts	221	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	222	(1)
Applications and Exercises	222	(1)
Sites to See	222	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	222	(1)
Are Those Leaving Welfare Better Off Now? Yes and No	223	(1)
Global Stratification	224	(26)
Global Stratification: An Overview	227	(4)
A Word about Terminology	227	(1)
High-Income Countries	228	(1)
Middle-Income Countries	229	(1)
Low-Income Countries	229	(2)
Global Wealth and Poverty	231	(7)
The Severity of Poverty	231	(2)
The Extent of Poverty	233	(1)
Poverty and Children	234	(1)
Poverty and Women	234	(1)
Slavery	235	(1)
Correlates of Global Poverty	236	(2)
Global Stratification: Theoretical Analysis	238	(6)
Modernization Theory	238	(3)
Dependency Theory	241	(3)
Global Stratification: Looking Ahead	244	(6)
Summary	247	(1)
Key Concepts	247	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	248	(1)
Applications and Exercises	248	(1)
Sites to See	248	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	248	(1)
Brazilian Slums Seen as Pawns in Political Games	249	(1)
Gender Stratification	250	(28)
Gender and Inequality	252	(4)
Male-Female Differences	252	(1)
Gender in Global Perspective	253	(1)
Patriarchy and Sexism	254	(2)
Gender and Socialization	256	(2)
Gender and the Family	256	(1)
Gender and the Peer Group	257	(1)
Gender and Schooling	257	(1)
Gender and the Mass Media	257	(1)
Gender and Social Stratification	258	(10)
Working Women and Men	258	(3)
Housework: Women's ``Second Shift''	261	(1)
Gender, Income, and Wealth	261	(2)
Gender and Education	263	(1)
Gender and Politics	263	(1)
Gender and the Military	264	(1)
Are Women a Minority?	264	(1)
Minority Women: Intersection Theory	264	(1)
Violence against Women	265	(3)
Theoretical Analysis of Gender	268	(2)
Structural-Functional Analysis	268	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis	269	(1)
Feminism	270	(3)
Basic Feminist Ideas	270	(1)
Types of Feminism	271	(1)
Opposition to Feminism	271	(2)
Looking Ahead: Gender in the Twenty-First Century	273	(5)
Summary	274	(1)
Key Concepts	275	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	275	(1)
Applications and Exercises	276	(1)
Sites to See	276	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	276	(1)
Still a Gender Wage Gap	277	(1)
Race and Ethnicity	278	(30)
The Social Meaning of Race and Ethnicity	280	(10)
Race	280	(2)
Ethnicity	282	(1)
Minorities	282	(1)
Prejudice and Stereotypes	283	(1)
Measuring Prejudice: The Social Distance Scale	284	(3)
Racism	287	(1)
Theories of Prejudice	287	(2)
Discrimination	289	(1)
Institutional Prejudice and Discrimination	289	(1)
Prejudice and Discrimination: The Vicious Circle	290	(1)
Majority and Minority: Patterns of Interaction	290	(3)
Pluralism	290	(1)
Assimilation	291	(1)
Segregation	291	(1)
Genocide	292	(1)
Race and Ethnicity in the United States	293	(10)
Native Americans	293	(1)
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants	294	(1)
African Americans	295	(2)
Asian Americans	297	(3)
Hispanic Americans	300	(3)
White Ethnic Americans	303	(1)
Race and Ethnicity: Looking Ahead	303	(5)
Summary	306	(1)
Key Concepts	306	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	307	(1)
Applications and Exercises	307	(1)
Sites to See	307	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	307	(1)
Economics and Politics	308	(36)
The Economy: Historical Overview	310	(4)
The Agricultural Revolution	310	(1)
The Industrial Revolution	311	(1)
The Information Revolution and Postindustrial Society	312	(1)
Sectors of the Economy	312	(1)
The Global Economy	313	(1)
Economic Systems: Paths to Justice	314	(3)
Capitalism	314	(1)
Socialism	315	(1)
Welfare Capitalism and State Capitalism	316	(1)
Relative Advantages of Capitalism and Socialism	316	(1)
Changes in Socialist Countries	317	(1)
Work in the Postindustrial Economy	317	(4)
The Changing Workplace	317	(1)
Labor Unions	318	(1)
Professions	318	(1)
Self-Employment	319	(1)
Unemployment	319	(1)
Workplace Diversity: Race and Gender	320	(1)
New Information Technology and Work	320	(1)
Corporations	321	(3)
Economic Concentration	322	(1)
Corporate Linkages	322	(1)
Corporations: Are They Competitive?	322	(1)
Corporations and the Global Economy	322	(2)
Looking Ahead: The Economy of the Twenty-First Century	324	(1)
Politics: Historical Overview	324	(1)
Global Political Systems	325	(4)
Monarchy	326	(1)
Democracy	326	(1)
Authoritarianism	326	(2)
Totalitarianism	328	(1)
A Global Political System?	328	(1)
Politics in the United States	329	(3)
U.S. Culture and the Rise of the Welfare State	329	(1)
The Political Spectrum	329	(1)
Party Identification	330	(1)
Special-Interest Groups	331	(1)
Voter Apathy	331	(1)
Nonvoting by Convicted Criminals	332	(1)
Theoretical Analysis of Politics	332	(2)
The Pluralist Model: The People Rule	332	(1)
The Power-Elite Model: A Few People Rule	333	(1)
The Marxist Model: Bias in the System Itself	333	(1)
Power Beyond the Rules	334	(1)
Revolution	334	(1)
Terrorism	335	(1)
War and Peace	335	(9)
The Causes of War	336	(1)
Is Terrorism a New Kind of War?	336	(1)
The Costs and Causes of Militarism	337	(1)
Nuclear Weapons	337	(1)
Mass Media and War	337	(1)
Pursuing Peace	338	(1)
Looking Ahead: Politics in the Twenty-First Century	338	(2)
Summary	340	(1)
Key Concepts	340	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	341	(1)
Applications and Exercises	341	(1)
Sites to See	342	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	342	(1)
Rewards of a 90-Hour Week: Poverty and Dirty Laundry	343	(1)
Family and Religion	344	(36)
The Family: Basic Concepts	346	(1)
The Family: Global Variations	347	(2)
Marriage Patterns	347	(2)
Residential Patterns	349	(1)
Patterns of Descent	349	(1)
Patterns of Authority	349	(1)
Theoretical Analysis of the Family	349	(2)
Functions of the Family: Structural-Functional Analysis	349	(1)
Inequality and the Family: Social-Conflict Analysis	350	(1)
Constructing Family Life: Micro-Level Analysis	350	(1)
Stages of Family Life	351	(3)
Courtship and Romantic Love	351	(2)
Settling In: Ideal and Real Marriage	353	(1)
Child Rearing	353	(1)
The Family in Later Life	354	(1)
U.S. Families: Class, Race, and Gender	354	(3)
Social Class	354	(1)
Ethnicity and Race	355	(1)
Gender	356	(1)
Transitions and Problems in Family Life	357	(2)
Divorce	357	(1)
Remarriage	358	(1)
Family Violence	358	(1)
Alternative Family Forms	359	(4)
One-Parent Families	359	(1)
Cohabitation	359	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Couples	360	(1)
Singlehood	360	(1)
New Reproductive Technology	361	(1)
Looking Ahead: The Family in the Twenty-First Century	361	(2)
Religion: Basic Concepts	363	(1)
Theoretical Analysis of Religion	364	(2)
Functions of Religion: Structural-Functional Analysis	364	(1)
Constructing the Sacred: Symbolic-Interaction Analysis	365	(1)
Inequality and Religion: Social-Conflict Analysis	365	(1)
Religion and Social Change	366	(1)
Max Weber: Protestantism and Capitalism	366	(1)
Liberation Theology	367	(1)
Church, Sect, and Cult	367	(2)
Religion in History	369	(1)
Religion in the United States	369	(3)
Religious Commitment	369	(1)
Religion: Class, Ethnicity, and Race	370	(2)
Religion in a Changing Society	372	(8)
Secularization	372	(1)
Civil Religion	372	(1)
``New Age'' Seekers: Spirituality without Formal Religion	373	(1)
Religious Revival: ``Good Ol'-Time Religion''	374	(1)
Looking Ahead: Religion in the Twenty-First Century	375	(1)
Summary	376	(1)
Key Concepts	377	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	377	(1)
Applications and Exercises	378	(1)
Sites to See	378	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	378	(1)
Putting the American in ``American Muslim''	379	(1)
Education and Medicine	380	(36)
Education: A Global Survey	382	(3)
Schooling and Economic Development	382	(1)
Schooling in India	383	(1)
Schooling in Japan	384	(1)
Schooling in the United States	384	(1)
The Functions of Schooling	385	(1)
Schooling and Social Inequality	385	(4)
Public and Private Education	386	(1)
Access to Higher Education	386	(2)
Greater Opportunity: Expanding Higher Education	388	(1)
Community Colleges	388	(1)
Privilege and Personal Merit	389	(1)
Problems in the Schools	389	(4)
Discipline and Violence	389	(1)
Student Passivity	390	(1)
Dropping Out	391	(1)
Academic Standards	392	(1)
Grade Inflation	392	(1)
Recent Issues in U.S. Education	393	(2)
School Choice	393	(1)
Home Schooling	394	(1)
Schooling People with Disabilities	394	(1)
Adult Education	395	(1)
The Teacher Shortage	395	(1)
Looking Ahead: Schooling in the Twenty-First Century	395	(1)
Medicine and Health	395	(1)
Health and Society	395	(1)
Health: A Global Survey	396	(1)
Health in Low-Income Countries	396	(1)
Health in High-Income Countries	397	(1)
Health in the United States	397	(7)
Who Is Healthy? Age, Gender, Class, and Race	397	(2)
Cigarette Smoking	399	(1)
Eating Disorders	399	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	400	(3)
Ethical Issues Surrounding Death	403	(1)
The Medical Establishment	404	(4)
The Rise of Scientific Medicine	404	(1)
Holistic Medicine	404	(1)
Paying for Medical Care: A Global Survey	405	(1)
Paying for Medical Care: The United States	406	(1)
The Nursing Shortage	407	(1)
Theoretical Analysis of Medicine	408	(8)
Structural-Functional Analysis	408	(1)
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis	408	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis	409	(3)
Looking Ahead: Health in the Twenty-First Century	412	(1)
Summary	412	(1)
Key Concepts	413	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	413	(1)
Applications and Exercises	414	(1)
Sites to See	414	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	414	(1)
Good and Bad Marriage, Boon and Bane to Health	415	(1)
Population, Urbanization, and Environment	416	(32)
Demography: The Study of Population	418	(4)
Fertility	418	(1)
Mortality	419	(1)
Migration	420	(1)
Population Growth	420	(1)
Population Composition	421	(1)
History and Theory of Population Growth	422	(3)
Malthusian Theory	423	(1)
Demographic Transition Theory	423	(1)
Global Population Today: A Brief Survey	424	(1)
Urbanization: The Growth of Cities	425	(5)
The Evolution of Cities	426	(2)
The Growth of U.S. Cities	428	(1)
Suburbs and Urban Decline	428	(1)
Postindustrial Sunbelt Cities	429	(1)
Megalopolis: The Regional City	429	(1)
Edge Cities	429	(1)
The Rural Rebound	430	(1)
Urbanism as a Way of Life	430	(3)
Ferdinand Tonnies: Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft	430	(1)
Emile Durkheim: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity	430	(1)
Georg Simmel: The Blase Urbanite	431	(1)
The Chicago School: Robert Park and Louis Wirth	431	(1)
Urban Ecology	432	(1)
Urban Political Economy	432	(1)
Urbanization in Poor Societies	433	(1)
Environment and Society	434	(9)
The Global Dimension	434	(1)
Technology and the Environmental Deficit	435	(1)
Culture: Growth and Limits	436	(1)
Solid Waste: The Disposable Society	437	(1)
Water and Air	437	(3)
The Rain Forests	440	(2)
Environmental Racism	442	(1)
Looking Ahead: Toward a Sustainable Society and World	443	(5)
Summary	444	(1)
Key Concepts	445	(1)
Critical-Thinking Questions	446	(1)
Applications and Exercises	446	(1)
Sites to See	447	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	447	(1)
Social Change: Modern and Postmodern Societies	448	(28)
What is Social Change?	451	(1)
Causes of Social Change	452	(3)
Culture and Change	452	(1)
Conflict and Change	452	(1)
Ideas and Change	453	(1)
Demographic Change	453	(1)
Social Movements and Change	453	(2)
Modernity	455	(4)
Ferdinand Tonnies: The Loss of Community	456	(1)
Emile Durkheim: The Division of Labor	457	(1)
Max Weber: Rationalization	458	(1)
Karl Marx: Capitalism	459	(1)
Structural-Functional Analysis: The Theory of Mass Society	459	(2)
The Mass Scale of Modern Life	459	(2)
The Ever-Expanding State	461	(1)
Social-Conflict Analysis: The Theory of Class Society	461	(2)
Capitalism	462	(1)
Persistent Inequality	462	(1)
Modernity and the Individual	463	(2)
Mass Society: Problems of Identity	463	(1)
Class Society: Problems of Powerlessness	464	(1)
Modernity and Progress	465	(1)
Modernity: Global Variation	466	(1)
Postmodernity	467	(3)
Looking Ahead: Modernization and Our Global Future	470	(6)
Summary	471	(1)
Key Concepts	471	(2)
Critical-Thinking Questions	473	(1)
Applications and Exercises	474	(1)
Sites to See	474	(1)
Investigate with Research Navigator™	474	(1)
Indian Soybean Farmers Join the Global Village	475	(1)
Glossary	476	(6)
References	482	(21)
Photo Credits	503	(2)
Name Index	505	(3)
Subject Index	508