Sociology: The Core

by Hughes & Kroehler

• ISBN13: 9780073528120
• ISBN10: 0073528129
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-05-17
• Publisher: McGraw Hill

Summary

Highly respected for its quality scholarship and its focused, straightforward approach,Sociology: The Corecovers the core sociological concepts with a brief, accessible presentation and at a very affordable price. As in previous editions, the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives are applied throughout the book, allowing students to develop a solid understanding of the major sociological perspectives and their applications to the topics covered. Completely updated,Sociology: The Coremakes sociology come alive as a vital and exciting field, relates principles to real-world circumstances, and attunes students to the dynamic processes of our rapidly changing contemporary society.

Table of Contents

List of Boxes	xvii
Preface	xxi
Acknowledgments	xxvii
Visual Preview	xxviii
Developing a Sociological Consciousness	2	(40)
The Sociological Perspective	5	(4)
New Levels of Reality	5	(2)
The Sociological Imagination	7	(1)
Microsociology and Macrosociology	8	(1)
The Development of Sociology	9	(9)
Auguste Comte: The Founder of Sociology	9	(1)
Harriet Martineau: Feminist and Methodologist	9	(1)
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism	10	(1)
Karl Marx: The Role of Class Conflict	11	(1)
Emile Durkheim: Social Integration and Social Facts	12	(1)
Max Weber: Subjectivity and Social Organization	13	(1)
American Sociology	14	(2)
Contemporary Sociology	16	(2)
Theoretical Perspectives	18	(7)
The Functionalist Perspective	19	(1)
The Conflict Perspective	20	(2)
The Interactionist Perspective	22	(2)
Using the Three Perspectives	24	(1)
Conducting Research	25	(17)
The Logic of Science	25	(1)
How Do Sociologists Collect Data?	26	(5)
Steps in the Scientific Method: A Close-up Look	31	(4)
Research Ethics	35	(1)
The Chapter in Brief: Developing a Sociological Consciousness	36	(2)
Glossary	38	(2)
Review Questions	40	(1)
Internet Connection	40	(2)
Culture and Social Structure	42	(26)
Components of Culture	44	(7)
Norms	45	(1)
Values	46	(1)
Symbols and Language	47	(4)
Cultural Unity and Diversity	51	(6)
Cultural Universals	51	(1)
Cultural Integration	52	(1)
Ethnocentrism	52	(1)
Cultural Relativism	53	(1)
Subcultures and Countercultures	53	(4)
Social Structure	57	(11)
Statuses	57	(1)
Roles	58	(2)
Groups	60	(1)
Institutions	61	(1)
Societies	62	(1)
The Chapter in Brief: Culture and Social Structure	63	(2)
Glossary	65	(1)
Review Questions	66	(1)
Internet Connection	67	(1)
Socialization	68	(32)
Foundations for Socialization	70	(11)
Nature and Nurture	70	(2)
Theories of Socialization	72	(2)
Agents of Socialization	74	(3)
Social Communication	77	(2)
Definition of the Situation	79	(2)
The Self and Socialization	81	(5)
Charles Horton Cooley: The Looking-Glass Self	82	(2)
George Herbert Mead: The Generalized Other	84	(1)
Erving Goffman: Impression Management	85	(1)
Socialization across the Life Course	86	(14)
Childhood	87	(1)
Adolescence	88	(2)
Young Adulthood	90	(1)
Middle Adulthood	91	(1)
Later Adulthood	92	(2)
Death	94	(1)
The Chapter in Brief: Socialization	95	(2)
Glossary	97	(2)
Review Questions	99	(1)
Internet Connection	99	(1)
Social Groups and Formal Organizations	100	(32)
Group Relationships	102	(4)
Primary Groups and Secondary Groups	102	(2)
In-Groups and Out-Groups	104	(1)
Reference Groups	105	(1)
Group Dynamics	106	(7)
Group Size	106	(2)
Leadership	108	(1)
Social Loafing	109	(1)
Social Dilemmas	109	(1)
Groupthink	110	(2)
Conformity	112	(1)
Formal Organizations	113	(19)
Types of Formal Organization	113	(2)
Bureaucracy: A Functional Approach to Organizations	115	(2)
Characteristics of Bureaucracies	117	(1)
Problems of Bureaucracy	118	(4)
Conflict and Interactionist Perspectives	122	(3)
Humanizing Bureaucracies	125	(3)
The Chapter in Brief: Social Groups and Formal Organizations	128	(1)
Glossary	129	(2)
Review Questions	131	(1)
Internet Connection	131	(1)
Deviance and Crime	132	(42)
The Nature of Deviance	134	(7)
Social Properties of Deviance	134	(5)
Social Control and Deviance	139	(2)
Theories of Deviance	141	(12)
Anomie Theory	142	(2)
Cultural Transmission Theory	144	(3)
Conflict Theory	147	(2)
Labeling Theory	149	(2)
Control Theory	151	(2)
Crime and the Criminal Justice System	153	(21)
Forms of Crime	154	(5)
Measuring Crime	159	(1)
Drugs and Crime	160	(1)
Race and Crime	161	(2)
Women and Crime	163	(1)
The Criminal Justice System	164	(6)
The Chapter in Brief: Deviance and Crime	170	(2)
Glossary	172	(1)
Review Questions	173	(1)
Internet Connection	173	(1)
Social Stratification	174	(36)
Patterns of Social Stratification	176	(4)
Open and Closed Systems	176	(1)
Dimensions of Stratification	177	(3)
The American Class System	180	(15)
Is There Inequality in American Society?	181	(1)
Identifying Social Classes	182	(7)
The Significance of Social Classes	189	(1)
Poverty in the United States	190	(5)
Social Mobility	195	(5)
Forms of Social Mobility	196	(1)
Social Mobility and Status Attainment	196	(3)
What Is Happening to the American Dream?	199	(1)
Explanations of Social Stratification	200	(10)
The Functionalist Theory of Stratification	200	(3)
The Conflict Theory of Stratification	203	(2)
A Synthesis of Perspectives	205	(1)
The Chapter in Brief: Social Stratification	206	(2)
Glossary	208	(1)
Review Questions	209	(1)
Internet Connection	209	(1)
Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity	210	(38)
Racial and Ethnic Stratification	212	(4)
Races	212	(2)
Ethnic Groups	214	(1)
Minority Groups	215	(1)
Prejudice and Discrimination	216	(6)
Prejudice	216	(3)
Discrimination	219	(1)
Institutional Discrimination	219	(3)
Patterns of Intergroup Relations: Assimilation and Pluralism	222	(2)
Assimilation	222	(1)
Pluralism	223	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States	224	(14)
Hispanics/Latinos	225	(4)
African Americans	229	(3)
American Indians and Alaskan Natives	232	(2)
Asian Americans	234	(3)
White Ethnics	237	(1)
Sociological Perspectives on Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity	238	(3)
The Functionalist Perspective	238	(1)
The Conflict Perspective	239	(1)
The Interactionist Perspective	240	(1)
The Future of Ethnic and Minority Group Relations	241	(7)
Intergroup Relations	241	(1)
Ethnicity	242	(1)
The Chapter in Brief: Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity	242	(3)
Glossary	245	(1)
Review Questions	245	(1)
Internet Connection	246	(2)
Gender Inequality	248	(34)
Gender Stratification	250	(20)
Sexism and Patriarchy	251	(1)
Gender Inequality around the World	252	(2)
Gender Inequality in the United States	254	(16)
Sources of Gender Differences	270	(5)
Gender and Biology	270	(1)
Gender and Culture	271	(3)
Gender Identities	274	(1)
Sociological Perspectives on Gender Stratification	275	(7)
The Functionalist Perspective	276	(1)
The Conflict Perspective	276	(1)
The Interactionist Perspective	277	(1)
The Feminist Perspective	277	(1)
The Chapter in Brief: Gender Inequality	278	(1)
Glossary	279	(1)
Review Questions	280	(1)
Internet Connection	280	(2)
Political and Economic Power	282	(34)
Power, Authority, and the State	284	(4)
The State	284	(1)
Sociological Perspectives on the State	285	(2)
Legitimacy and Authority	287	(1)
Political Power	288	(11)
Types of Government	289	(2)
Political Power in the United States	291	(6)
Models of Power in the United States	297	(2)
Economic Power	299	(3)
Comparative Economic Systems	299	(3)
The Power of Corporations	302	(6)
The Power of National Corporations	302	(2)
The Power of Multinational Corporations in the Global Economy	304	(2)
The Control of Corporations	306	(2)
The Sociology of Work	308	(8)
Changes in the Work Experience	308	(2)
The Significance of Work	310	(1)
Satisfaction and Alienation in Work	310	(2)
The Chapter in Brief: Political and Economic Power	312	(2)
Glossary	314	(1)
Review Questions	315	(1)
Internet Connection	315	(1)
The Family	316	(36)
Structure of the Family: A Global View	319	(5)
Forms of the Family	319	(2)
Forms of Marriage	321	(2)
Patterns of Courtship	323	(1)
Marriage and the Family in the United States	324	(15)
Life within Marriage	325	(2)
Parenthood	327	(1)
Two-Income Families	328	(4)
Beyond the Traditional Nuclear Family	332	(7)
Challenges for American Families and American Society	339	(7)
Family Violence, Child Abuse, and Incest	339	(2)
Child Care	341	(2)
Divorce	343	(2)
Care for the Elderly	345	(1)
Sociological Perspectives on the Family	346	(6)
The Functionalist Perspective	346	(1)
The Conflict Perspective	347	(1)
The Interactionist Perspective	347	(1)
The Chapter in Brief: The Family	348	(2)
Glossary	350	(1)
Review Questions	351	(1)
Internet Connection	351	(1)
Religion, Education, and Medicine	352	(42)
Religion	353	(14)
What Is Religion?	354	(1)
A Global View: Varieties of Religious Behavior	354	(2)
Religious Organizations	356	(2)
Religion and Secular Change: The Protestant Ethic	358	(2)
Adapting Tradition: Religion in Contemporary Life	360	(2)
Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism	362	(1)
State-Church Issues	363	(1)
The Functionalist Perspective	364	(2)
The Conflict Perspective	366	(1)
Education	367	(10)
The Bureaucratic Structure of Schools	367	(1)
The Effectiveness of Schools	368	(2)
Alternatives to Traditional Public Schools	370	(1)
The Availability of Higher Education	371	(1)
The Functionalist Perspective	372	(1)
The Conflict Perspective	373	(2)
The Interactionist Perspective	375	(2)
Medicine	377	(17)
The U.S. Health Care Delivery System	377	(3)
Rising Health Care Costs: Is Managed Care the Answer?	380	(2)
Alternatives to the U.S. Health Care System: A Global Perspective	382	(1)
The Functionalist Perspective	383	(3)
The Conflict Perspective	386	(1)
The Interactionist Perspective	387	(1)
The Chapter in Brief: Religion, Education, and Medicine	388	(2)
Glossary	390	(2)
Review Questions	392	(1)
Internet Connection	392	(2)
Population and Environment	394	(34)
Population	396	(14)
Elements in Population Change	396	(4)
Population Composition	400	(4)
Malthus and Marx: Two Views of Population Growth	404	(2)
Demographic Transition	406	(1)
Population Policies	407	(3)
The Urban Environment	410	(7)
The Origin and Evolution of Cities	410	(3)
Patterns of City Growth	413	(1)
Ecological Processes: Segregation and Gentrification	414	(1)
Urban Crisis: Cities in Decline	415	(2)
Sprawling Urban Growth: The Rise of ``Edge'' Cities	417	(1)
The Ecological Environment	417	(11)
Human-Environment Interactions: A Closer Look	418	(1)
The Functionalist Perspective	419	(1)
The Conflict Perspective	420	(1)
The Interactionist Perspective	420	(1)
The New Millennium	421	(2)
The Chapter in Brief: Population and Environment	423	(2)
Glossary	425	(1)
Review Questions	426	(1)
Internet Connection	427	(1)
Social Change	428
A World of Change	430	(12)
Sources of Social Change	430	(3)
Perspectives on Social Change	433	(3)
Social Change in the United States	436	(4)
Social Change in Developing Nations	440	(2)
Collective Behavior	442	(5)
Varieties of Collective Behavior	442	(2)
Preconditions for Collective Behavior	444	(2)
Explanations of Crowd Behavior	446	(1)
Social Movements	447	(6)
Causes of Social Movements	448	(2)
Types of Social Movements	450	(1)
Social Revolution	450	(1)
Terrorism	451	(2)
Looking to the Future	453
The Chapter in Brief: Social Change	456	(1)
Glossary	457	(2)
Review Questions	459	(1)
Internet Connection	459
references	1	(1)
photo credits	1	(1)
name index	1	(16)
subject index	17