Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Purchase Benefits
What is included with this book?
Studying Society and Social Life | |
The Sociological Perspective and Research Process | p. 2 |
Putting Social Life into Perspective | p. 4 |
Why Study Sociology? | p. 4 |
The Sociological Imagination | p. 5 |
The Importance of a Global Sociological Imagination | p. 6 |
The Development of Sociological Thinking | p. 8 |
Early Thinkers: A Concern with Social Order and Stability | p. 9 |
Differing Views on the Status Quo: Stability Versus Change | p. 12 |
The Beginnings of Sociology in the United States | p. 14 |
Contemporary Theoretical Perspectives | p. 15 |
Functionalist Perspectives | p. 15 |
Conflict Perspectives | p. 17 |
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | p. 18 |
Postmodern Perspectives | p. 20 |
The Sociological Research Process | p. 21 |
The "Conventional" Research Model | p. 22 |
A Qualitative Research Model | p. 26 |
Research Methods | p. 28 |
Survey Research | p. 28 |
Secondary Analysis of Existing Data | p. 31 |
Field Research | p. 32 |
Experiments | p. 33 |
Ethical Issues in Sociological Research | p. 34 |
Culture | p. 38 |
Culture and Society in a Changing World | p. 40 |
Material Culture and Nonmaterial Culture | p. 41 |
Cultural Universals | p. 43 |
Components of Culture | p. 46 |
Symbols | p. 46 |
Language | p. 47 |
Values | p. 50 |
Norms | p. 51 |
Technology, Cultural Change, and Diversity | p. 53 |
Cultural Change | p. 53 |
Cultural Diversity | p. 54 |
Culture Shock | p. 58 |
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism | p. 59 |
A Global Popular Culture? | p. 60 |
High Culture and Popular Culture | p. 60 |
Forms of Popular Culture | p. 60 |
Sociological Analysis of Culture | p. 62 |
Functionalist Perspectives | p. 62 |
Conflict Perspectives | p. 62 |
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | p. 63 |
Postmodernist Perspectives | p. 64 |
Culture in the Future | p. 66 |
Socialization | p. 70 |
Why Is Socialization Important Around the Globe? | p. 72 |
Human Development: Biology and Society | p. 72 |
Problems Associated with Social Isolation and Maltreatment | p. 74 |
Social Psychological Theories of Human Development | p. 77 |
Freud and the Psychoanalytic Perspective | p. 77 |
Piaget and Cognitive Development | p. 77 |
Kohlberg and the Stages of Moral Development | p. 79 |
Gilligan's View on Gender and Moral Development | p. 80 |
Sociological Theories of Human Development | p. 81 |
Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self | p. 81 |
Mead and Role-Taking | p. 81 |
Recent Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | p. 84 |
Agents of Socialization | p. 84 |
The Family | p. 85 |
The School | p. 86 |
Peer Groups | p. 87 |
Mass Media | p. 87 |
Gender and Racial/Ethnic Socialization | p. 90 |
Socialization Through the Life Course | p. 91 |
Childhood | p. 92 |
Adolescence | p. 92 |
Adulthood | p. 92 |
Late Adulthood and Ageism | p. 93 |
Resocialization | p. 94 |
Voluntary Resocialization | p. 94 |
Involuntary Resocialization | p. 95 |
Socialization in the Future | p. 95 |
Social Groups and Social Control | |
Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life | p. 100 |
Social Structure: The Macrolevel Perspective | p. 102 |
Components of Social Structure | p. 104 |
Status | p. 104 |
Roles | p. 108 |
Groups | p. 111 |
Social Institutions | p. 112 |
Societies: Changes in Social Structure | p. 114 |
Durkheim: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity | p. 114 |
Tonnies: Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft | p. 115 |
Industrial and Postindustrial Societies | p. 116 |
Social Interaction: The Microlevel Perspective | p. 117 |
Social Interaction and Meaning | p. 117 |
The Social Construction of Reality | p. 120 |
Ethnomethodology | p. 121 |
Dramaturgical Analysis | p. 122 |
The Sociology of Emotions | p. 124 |
Nonverbal Communication | p. 124 |
Changing Social Structure and Interaction in the Future | p. 129 |
Groups and Organizations | p. 132 |
Social Groups | p. 134 |
Groups, Aggregates, and Categories | p. 134 |
Types of Groups | p. 134 |
Group Characteristics and Dynamics | p. 138 |
Group Size | p. 139 |
Group Leadership | p. 140 |
Group Conformity | p. 141 |
Groupthink | p. 143 |
Formal Organizations in Global Perspective | p. 144 |
Types of Formal Organizations | p. 144 |
Bureaucracies | p. 146 |
Problems of Bureaucracies | p. 150 |
Bureaucracy and Oligarchy | p. 152 |
Alternative Forms of Organization | p. 152 |
Organizational Structure in Japan | p. 153 |
Organizations in the Future | p. 155 |
Deviance and Crime | p. 158 |
What Is Deviance? | p. 160 |
Who Defines Deviance? | p. 161 |
What Is Social Control? | p. 162 |
Functionalist Perspectives on Deviance | p. 163 |
What Causes Deviance, and Why Is It Functional for Society? | p. 163 |
Strain Theory: Goals and Means to Achieve Them | p. 164 |
Opportunity Theory: Access to Illegitimate Opportunities | p. 165 |
Conflict Perspectives on Deviance | p. 166 |
Deviance and Power Relations | p. 167 |
Deviance and Capitalism | p. 167 |
Feminist Approaches | p. 167 |
Approaches Focusing on Race, Class, and Gender | p. 168 |
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives on Deviance | p. 168 |
Differential Association Theory and Differential Reinforcement Theory | p. 169 |
Control Theory: Social Bonding | p. 169 |
Labeling Theory | p. 170 |
Postmodernist Perspectives on Deviance | p. 171 |
Crime Classifications and Statistics | p. 172 |
How the Law Classifies Crime | p. 172 |
Other Crime Categories | p. 172 |
Crime Statistics | p. 177 |
Terrorism and Crime | p. 178 |
Street Crimes and Criminals | p. 178 |
Crime Victims | p. 181 |
The Criminal Justice System | p. 181 |
The Police | p. 182 |
The Courts | p. 183 |
Punishment and Corrections | p. 184 |
Deviance and Crime in the United States in the Future | p. 186 |
The Global Criminal Economy | p. 187 |
3 Social Inequality | |
Class and Stratification in the United States | p. 192 |
What Is Social Stratification? | p. 194 |
Systems of Stratification | p. 194 |
Slavery | p. 195 |
The Caste System | p. 198 |
The Class System | p. 198 |
Classical Perspectives on Social Class | p. 198 |
Karl Marx: Relationship to the Means of Production | p. 199 |
Max Weber: Wealth, Prestige, and Power | p. 200 |
Contemporary Sociological Models of the U.S. Class Structure | p. 202 |
The Weberian Model of the U.S. Class Structure | p. 202 |
The Marxian Model of the U.S. Class Structure | p. 205 |
Inequality in the United States | p. 208 |
Distribution of Income and Wealth | p. 208 |
Consequences of Inequality | p. 211 |
Poverty in the United States | p. 216 |
Who Are the Poor? | p. 217 |
Economic and Structural Sources of Poverty | p. 219 |
Solving the Poverty Problem | p. 219 |
Sociological Explanations of Social Inequality in the United States | p. 220 |
Functionalist Perspectives | p. 220 |
Conflict Perspectives | p. 220 |
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | p. 221 |
U.S. Stratification in the Future | p. 223 |
Global Stratification | p. 226 |
Wealth and Poverty in Global Perspective | p. 228 |
Problems in Studying Global Inequality | p. 231 |
The "Three Worlds" Approach | p. 231 |
The Levels of Development Approach | p. 231 |
Classification of Economies by Income | p. 232 |
Low-Income Economies | p. 232 |
Middle-Income Economies | p. 233 |
High-Income Economies | p. 235 |
Measuring Global Wealth and Poverty | p. 235 |
Absolute, Relative, and Subjective Poverty | p. 235 |
The Gini Coefficient and Global Quality-of-Life Issues | p. 236 |
Global Poverty and Human Development Issues | p. 236 |
Life Expectancy | p. 237 |
Health | p. 238 |
Education and Literacy | p. 238 |
Persistent Gaps in Human Development | p. 239 |
Theories of Global Inequality | p. 239 |
Development and Modernization Theory | p. 239 |
Dependency Theory | p. 244 |
World Systems Theory | p. 244 |
The New International Division of Labor Theory | p. 246 |
Global Inequality in the Future | p. 247 |
Race and Ethnicity | p. 252 |
Race and Ethnicity | p. 254 |
The Social Significance of Race and Ethnicity | p. 256 |
Racial Classifications and the Meaning of Race | p. 257 |
Dominant and Subordinate Groups | p. 258 |
Prejudice | p. 258 |
Stereotypes | p. 258 |
Racism | p. 259 |
Theories of Prejudice | p. 260 |
Discrimination | p. 260 |
Sociological Perspectives on Race and Ethnic Relations | p. 262 |
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | p. 262 |
Functionalist Perspectives | p. 263 |
Conflict Perspectives | p. 266 |
An Alternative Perspective: Critical Race Theory | p. 268 |
Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States | p. 268 |
Native Americans | p. 268 |
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (British Americans) | p. 272 |
African Americans | p. 273 |
White Ethnic Americans | p. 275 |
Asian Americans | p. 276 |
Latinos/as (Hispanic Americans) | p. 278 |
Middle Eastern Americans | p. 280 |
Global Racial and Ethnic Inequality in the Future | p. 281 |
Worldwide Racial and Ethnic Struggles | p. 281 |
Growing Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the United States | p. 281 |
Sex and Gender | p. 286 |
Sex: The Biological Dimension | p. 288 |
Hermaphrodites/Transsexuals | p. 289 |
Sexual Orientation | p. 290 |
Gender: The Cultural Dimension | p. 292 |
The Social Significance of Gender | p. 293 |
Sexism | p. 294 |
Gender Stratification in Historical and Contemporary Perspective | p. 294 |
Hunting and Gathering Societies | p. 294 |
Horticultural and Pastoral Societies | p. 295 |
Agrarian Societies | p. 295 |
Industrial Societies | p. 296 |
Postindustrial Societies | p. 297 |
Gender and Socialization | p. 298 |
Parents and Gender Socialization | p. 298 |
Peers and Gender Socialization | p. 299 |
Teachers, Schools, and Gender Socialization | p. 300 |
Sports and Gender Socialization | p. 301 |
Mass Media and Gender Socialization | p. 302 |
Adult Gender Socialization | p. 302 |
Contemporary Gender Inequality | p. 303 |
Gendered Division of Paid Work | p. 303 |
Pay Equity (Comparable Worth) | p. 305 |
Paid Work and Family Work | p. 308 |
Perspectives on Gender Stratification | p. 309 |
Functionalist and Neoclassical Economic Perspectives | p. 309 |
Conflict Perspectives | p. 310 |
Feminist Perspectives | p. 311 |
Gender Issues in the Future | p. 313 |
Social Institutions | |
Families and Intimate Relationships | p. 316 |
Families in Global Perspective | p. 318 |
Family Structure and Characteristics | p. 319 |
Marriage Patterns | p. 321 |
Patterns of Descent and Inheritance | p. 322 |
Power and Authority in Families | p. 323 |
Residential Patterns | p. 324 |
Theoretical Perspectives on Families | p. 325 |
Functionalist Perspectives | p. 326 |
Conflict and Feminist Perspectives | p. 326 |
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives | p. 327 |
Postmodernist Perspectives | p. 327 |
Developing Intimate Relationships and Establishing Families | p. 328 |
Love and Intimacy | p. 328 |
Cohabitation and Domestic Partnerships | p. 329 |
Marriage | p. 330 |
Housework and Child-Care Responsibilities | p. 330 |
Child-Related Family Issues and Parenting | p. 332 |
Deciding to Have Children | p. 332 |
Adoption | p. 333 |
Teenage Pregnancies | p. 334 |
Single-Parent Households | p. 334 |
Two-Parent Households | p. 335 |
Remaining Single | p. 336 |
Transitions and Problems in Families | p. 336 |
Family Transitions Based on Age and the Life Course | p. 336 |
Family Violence | p. 338 |
Children in Foster Care | p. 339 |
Elder Abuse | p. 339 |
Divorce | p. 340 |
Remarriage | p. 342 |
Family Issues in the Future | p. 343 |
Education and Religion | p. 346 |
An Overview of Education and Religion | p. 348 |
Sociological Perspectives on Education | p. 348 |
Functionalist Perspectives on Education | p. 349 |
Conflict Perspectives on Education | p. 353 |
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives on Education | p. 357 |
Problems Within Elementary and Secondary Schools | p. 359 |
Unequal Funding of Public Schools | p. 359 |
School Violence | p. 359 |
Dropping Out | p. 360 |
Racial Segregation and Resegregation | p. 360 |
Opportunities and Challenges in Colleges and Universities | p. 361 |
Opportunities and Challenges in Community Colleges 361 Opportunities and Challenges in Four-Year Colleges and Universities | p. 363 |
The Soaring Cost of a College Education | p. 363 |
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Enrollment | p. 364 |
Religion in Historical Perspective | p. 365 |
Religion and the Meaning of Life | p. 365 |
Religion and Scientific Explanations | p. 366 |
Sociological Perspectives on Religion | p. 368 |
Functionalist Perspectives on Religion | p. 368 |
Conflict Perspectives on Religion | p. 369 |
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives on Religion | p. 371 |
Types of Religious Organization | p. 371 |
Ecclesia | p. 371 |
The Church-Sect Typology | p. 372 |
Cults | p. 373 |
Trends in Religion in the United States | p. 373 |
Education and Religion in the Future | p. 375 |
Politics and the Economy in Global Perspective | p. 378 |
Politics, Power, and Authority | p. 380 |
Power and Authority | p. 381 |
Ideal Types of Authority | p. 383 |
Political Systems in Global Perspective | p. 385 |
Monarchy | p. 385 |
Authoritarianism | p. 386 |
Totalitarianism | p. 386 |
Democracy | p. 386 |
Perspectives on Power and Political Systems | p. 387 |
Functionalist Perspectives: The Pluralist Model | p. 387 |
Conflict Perspectives: Elite Models | p. 389 |
The U.S. Political System | p. 391 |
Political Parties and Elections | p. 391 |
Political Participation and Voter Apathy | p. 392 |
Governmental Bureaucracy | p. 392 |
Economic Systems in Global Perspective | p. 394 |
Preindustrial, Industrial, and Postindustrial Economies | p. 394 |
Capitalism | p. 396 |
Socialism | p. 400 |
Mixed Economies | p. 402 |
Work in the Contemporary United States | p. 402 |
Professions | p. 402 |
Other Occupations | p. 403 |
Contingent Work | p. 405 |
Unemployment | p. 406 |
Labor Unions and Worker Activism | p. 407 |
Employment Opportunities for Persons with a Disability | p. 408 |
Politics and the Economy in the Future | p. 408 |
Health, Health Care, and Disability | p. 414 |
Health in Global Perspective | p. 416 |
Health in the United States | p. 420 |
Social Epidemiology | p. 420 |
Lifestyle Factors | p. 421 |
Health Care in the United States | p. 424 |
The Rise of Scientific Medicine and Professionalism | p. 424 |
Medicine Today | p. 425 |
Paying for Medical Care in the United States | p. 426 |
Paying for Medical Care in Other Nations | p. 427 |
Social Implications of Advanced Medical Technology | p. 430 |
Holistic Medicine and Alternative Medicine | p. 430 |
Sociological Perspectives on Health and Medicine | p. 431 |
A Functionalist Perspective: The Sick Role | p. 431 |
A Conflict Perspective: Inequalities in Health and Health Care | p. 433 |
A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: The Social Construction of Illness | p. 434 |
A Postmodernist Perspective: The Clinical Gaze | p. 436 |
Disability | p. 436 |
Sociological Perspectives on Disability | p. 439 |
Social Inequalities Based on Disability | p. 439 |
Health Care in the Future | p. 441 |
Social Dynamics and Social Change | |
Population and Urbanization | p. 444 |
Demography: The Study of Population | p. 446 |
Fertility | p. 447 |
Mortality | p. 449 |
Migration | p. 450 |
Population Composition | p. 451 |
Population Growth in Global Context | p. 452 |
The Malthusian Perspective | p. 452 |
The Marxist Perspective | p. 452 |
The Neo-Malthusian Perspective | p. 456 |
Demographic Transition Theory | p. 456 |
Other Perspectives on Population Change | p. 457 |
A Brief Glimpse at International Migration Theories | p. 459 |
Urbanization in Global Perspective | p. 460 |
Emergence and Evolution of the City | p. 460 |
Preindustrial Cities | p. 461 |
Industrial Cities | p. 462 |
Postindustrial Cities | p. 462 |
Perspectives on Urbanization and the Growth of Cities | p. 463 |
Functionalist Perspectives: Ecological Models | p. 463 |
Conflict Perspectives: Political Economy Models | p. 465 |
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives: The Experience of City Life | p. 467 |
Problems in Global Cities | p. 469 |
Urban Problems in the United States | p. 470 |
Divided Interests: Cities, Suburbs, and Beyond | p. 471 |
The Continuing Fiscal Crises of the Cities | p. 473 |
Population and Urbanization in the Future | p. 473 |
Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change | p. 478 |
Collective Behavior | p. 480 |
Conditions for Collective Behavior | p. 480 |
Dynamics of Collective Behavior | p. 483 |
Distinctions Regarding Collective Behavior | p. 483 |
Types of Crowd Behavior | p. 484 |
Explanations of Crowd Behavior | p. 485 |
Mass Behavior | p. 487 |
Social Movements | p. 492 |
Types of Social Movements | p. 493 |
Stages in Social Movements | p. 495 |
Social Movement Theories | p. 495 |
Relative Deprivation Theory | p. 495 |
Value-Added Theory | p. 495 |
Resource Mobilization Theory | p. 496 |
Social Constructionist Theory: Frame Analysis | p. 497 |
New Social Movement Theory | p. 498 |
Social Change in the Future | p. 500 |
The Physical Environment and Change | p. 500 |
Population and Change | p. 502 |
Technology and Change | p. 502 |
Social Institutions and Change | p. 503 |
A Few Final Thoughts | p. 504 |
Glossary | p. 509 |
References | p. 519 |
Photo Credits | p. 541 |
Name Index | p. 543 |
Subject Index | p. 551 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.