BRIEF CONTENTS

List of Chapter-Opening Excerpts

List of Boxed Features and Photo Essays

List of Social Policy Sections

List of Maps and Summing Up tables

Preface

Part 1: The Sociological Perspective

Chapter 1: Understanding Sociology

Chapter 2: Sociological Research

Part 2: Organizing Social Life

Chapter 3: Culture

Chapter 4: Socialization

Chapter 5: Social Interaction and Social Structure

Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations

Chapter 7: The Mass Media

Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control

Part 3: Social Inequality

Chapter 9: Stratification and Social Mobility in the United States

Chapter 10: Global Inequality

Chapter 11: Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Chapter 12: Stratification by Gender

Chapter 13: Stratification by Age

Part 4: Social Institutions

Chapter 14: The Family and Intimate Relationships

Chapter 15: Religion

Chapter 16: Education

Chapter 17: Government and Politics

Chapter 18: The Economy and Work

Chapter 19: Health and Medicine

Part 5: Changing Society

Chapter 20: Communities and Urbanization

Chapter 21: Population and the Environment

Chapter 22: Collective Behavior and Social Movements

Chapter 23: Globalization, Technology, and Social Change

Glossary

References

Acknowledgements

Photo Credits

Name Index

Subject Index

DETAILED CONTENTS

List of Chapter-Opening Excerpts

List of Boxed Features and Photo Essays

List of Social Policy Sections

List of Maps and Summing Up tables

Preface

Part 1: The Sociological Perspective

Chapter 1: Understanding Sociology

What Is Sociology?

The Sociological Imagination

Sociology and the Social Sciences

Sociology and Common Sense

What Is Sociological Theory?

The Development of Sociology

Early Thinkers

mile Durkheim

Max Weber

Karl Marx

Modern Developments

Major Theoretical Perspectives

Functionalist Perspective

Conflict Perspective

Interactionist Perspective

The Sociological Approach

Developing a Sociological Imagination

Theory in Practice

Research in Action

Thinking Globally

The Significance of Social Inequality

Speaking across Race, Gender, and Religious Boundaries

Social Policy throughout the World

Applied and Clinical Sociology

Appendix: Careers in Sociology

Photo Essay: Are You What You Own?

Research in Action: Looking at Sports from Three Theoretical Perspectives

Sociology in the Global Community: The Global Response to the 2004 Tsunami

Chapter 2: Sociological Research

What Is the Scientific Method?

Defining the Problem

Reviewing the Literature

Formulating the Hypothesis

Collecting and Analyzing Data

Developing the Conclusion

In Summary: The Scientific Method

Major Research Designs

Surveys

Observation

Experiments

Use of Existing Sources

Ethics of Research

Confidentiality

Research Funding

Value Neutrality

Technology and Sociological Research

Social Policy and Sociological Research: Studying Human Sexuality

Appendix I. Using Statistics, Tables, and Graphs

Appendix II. Writing a Research Report

Research in Action: Polling in Baghdad

Social Inequality: Researching Privilege and Discrimination in Employment

Taking Sociology to Work: Dave Eberbach, Research Coordinator, United Way of Central Iowa

Part 2: Organizing Social Life

Chapter 3: Culture

Culture and Society

Development of Culture around the World

Cultural Universals

Innovation

Globalization, Diffusion, and Technology

Sociobiology

Elements of Culture

Language

Norms

Sanctions

Values

Culture and the Dominant Ideology

Cultural Variation

Aspects of Cultural Variation

Social Policy and Culture: Bilingualism

Photo Essay: Are You What You Eat?

Sociology on Campus: A Culture of Cheating?

Sociology in the Global Community: Life in the Global Village

Chapter 4: Socialization

The Role of Socialization

Social Environment: The Impact of Isolation

The Influence of Heredity

The Self and Socialization

Sociological Approaches to the Self

Psychological Approaches to the Self

Socialization and the Life Course

The Life Course

Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization

Agents of Socialization

Family

School

Peer Group

Mass Media and Technology

Workplace

Religion and the State

Social Policy and Socialization: Child Care around the World

Sociology on Campus: Impression Management by Students

Sociology in the Global Community: Raising Amish Children

Taking Sociology to Work: Rakefet Avramovitz, Program Administrator, Child Care Law Center

Chapter 5: Social Interaction and Social Structure

Social Interaction and Reality

Elements of Social Structure

Statuses

Social Roles

Groups

Social Networks and Technology

Social Institutions

Social Structure in Global Perspective

Durkheims Mechanical and Organic Solidarity

Tonniess Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

Lenskis Sociocultural Evolution Approach

Social Policy and Social Structure: The AIDS Crisis

Social Inequality: Disability as a Master Status

Photo Essay: Why Do We Gather Together?

Research in Action: Adolescent Sexual Networks

Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations

Understanding Groups

Types of Groups

Studying Small Groups

Understanding Organizations

Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies

Characteristics of a Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy and Organizational Culture

Voluntary Associations

Case Study: Bureaucracy and the Space Shuttle Columbia

The Changing Workplace

Organizational Restructuring

Telecommuting

Electronic Communication

Social Policy and Organizations: The State of the Unions

Research in Action: Pizza Delivery Employees as a Secondary Group

Sociology in the Global Community: Amway the Chinese Way

Chapter 7: The Mass Media

Sociological Perspectives on the Media

Functionalist View

Conflict View

Feminist View

Interactionist View

The Audience

Who Is in the Audience?

The Segmented Audience

Audience Behavior

The Media Industry

Media Concentration

The Medias Global Reach

Social Policy and the Mass Media: Media Violence

Social Inequality: The Color of Network TV

Sociology in the Global Community: Al Jazeera Is on the Air

Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control

Social Control

Conformity and Obedience

Informal and Formal Social Control

Law and Society

Deviance

What Is Deviance?

Explaining Deviance

Crime

Types of Crime

Crime Statistics

Social Policy and Social Control: Gun Control

Sociology on Campus: Binge Drinking

Photo Essay: Who Is Deviant

Social Inequality: Discretionary Justice

Taking Sociology to Work: Tiffany Zapata-Mancilla, Victim Witness Specialist, Cook County States Attorneys Office

Part 3: Social Inequality

Chapter 9: Stratification and Social Mobility in the United States

Understanding Stratification

Systems of Stratification

Perspective on Stratification

Is Stratification Universal?

Stratification by Social Class

Measuring Social Class

Wealth and Income

Poverty

Life Chances

Social Mobility

Open versus Closed Stratification Systems

Types of Social Mobility

Social Mobility in the United States

Social Policy and Stratification: Rethinking Welfare in North America and Europe

Sociology in the Global Community: Under Pressure: The Caste System in India

Sociology on Campus: Social Class and Financial Aid

Chapter 10: Global Inequality

The Global Divide

Stratification in the World System

The Legacy of Colonialism

Multinational Corporations

Modernization

Stratification within Nations: A Comparative Perspective

Distribution of Wealth and Income

Social Mobility

Case Study: Stratification in Mexico

Mexicos Economy

Race Relations in Mexico: The Color Hierarchy

The Status of Women in Mexico

The Borderlands

Social Policy and Global Inequality: Universal Human Rights

Sociology in the Global Community: The Global Disconnect

Social Inequality: Stratification in Japan

Chapter 11: Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups

Minority Groups

Race

Ethnicity

Prejudice and Discrimination

Prejudice

Discriminatory Behavior

The Privileges of the Dominant

Institutional Discrimination

Studying Race and Ethnicity

Functionalist Perspective

Conflict Perspective Interactionist Perspective

Patterns of Intergroup Relations

Amalgamation

Assimilation

Segregation

Pluralism

Impact of Global Immigration

Race and Ethnicity in the United States

Racial Groups

Ethnic Groups

Social Policy and Race and Ethnicity: Racial Profiling

Taking Sociology to Work: Prudence Hannis, Liaison Officer, National Institute of Science Research, University of Quebec

Research in Action: Interracial and Interethnic Friendships

Social Inequality: Native Americans Gamble on Gambling

Chapter 12: Stratification by Gender

Social Construction of Gender

Gender Roles in the United States

Cross-Cultural Perspective

Explaining Stratification by Gender

The Functionalist View

The Conflict Response

The Feminist Perspective

The Interactionist Approach

Women: The Oppressed Majority

Sexism and Sex Discrimination

Sexual Harassment

The Status of Women Worldwide

Women in the Workforce of the United States

Women: Emergence of a Collective Consciousness

Intersection of Gender, Race, and Class

Social Policy and Gender Stratification: The Battle over Abortion from a Global Perspective

Research in Action: Differences in Male and Female Physicians Communication with Patients

Sociology in the Global Community: The Head Scarf and the Veil: Complex Symbols

Chapter 13: Stratification by Age

Aging and Society

Explaining the Aging Process

Functionalist Approach: Activity Theory

The Conflict Approach

Role Transitions throughout the Life Course

The Sandwich Generation

Adjusting to Retirement

Death and Dying

Age Stratification in the United States

The Graying of America

Wealth and Income

Ageism

Competition in the Labor Force

The Elderly: Emergence of a Collective Consciousness

Social Policy and Age Stratification: The Right to Die Worldwide

Sociology in the Global Community: Aging Worldwide: Issues and Consequences

Taking Sociology to Work: A. David Roberts: Social Worker

Research in Action: Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities (NORCs)

Part 4: Social Institutions

Chapter 14: The Family and Intimate Relationships

Global View of the Family

Composition: What Is the Family?

Kinship Patterns: To Whom Are We Related?

Authority Patterns: Who Rules?

Studying the Family

Functionalist View

Conflict View

Interactionist View

Feminist View

Marriage and the Family

Courtship and Mate Selection

Variations in Family Life and Intimate Relationships

Child-Rearing Patterns in Family Life

Divorce

Statistical Trends in Divorce

Factors Associated with Divorce

Impact of Divorce on Children

Diverse Lifestyles

Cohabitation

Remaining Single

Marriage without Children

Lesbian and Gay Relationships

Social Policy and the Family: Gay Marriage

Photo Essay: What Is a Family?

Sociology in the Global Community: Domestic Violence

Research in Action: The Lingering Impact of Divorce

Chapter 15: Religion

Durkheim and the Sociological Approach to Religion

World Religions

The Role of Religion

The Integrative Function of Religion

Religion and Social Support

Religion and Social Change

Religion and Social Control: A Conflict View

Religious Behavior

Belief

Ritual

Experience

Religious Organization

Ecclesiae

Denominations

Sects

New Religious Movements or Cults

Comparing Forms of Religious Organization

Case Study: Religion in India

The Religious Tapestry in India

Religion and the State in India

Social Policy and Religion: Religion in the Schools

Photo Essay: Why Do Sociologists Study Religion?

Social Inequality: The Stained Glass Ceiling

Research in Action: Islam in the United States

Chapter 16: Education

Sociological Perspectives on Education

Functionalist View

Conflict View

Interactionist View

Schools as Formal Organizations

Bureaucratization of Schools

Teachers: Employees and Instructors

Student Subcultures

Homeschooling

School Policy and Education: No Child Left Behind Program

Taking Sociology to Work: Ray Zapata, Business Owner and Former Regent, Texas State University

Sociology on Campus: The Debate over Title IX

Research in Action: Violence in the Schools

Chapter 17: Government and Politics

Power and Authority

Power

Types of Authority

Types of Government

Monarchy

Oligarchy

Dictatorship and Totalitarianism

Democracy

Political Behavior in the United States

Participation and Apathy

Women in Politics

Models of Power Structure in the United States

Power Elite Models

Pluralist Model

War and Peace

War

Peace

Terrorism

Political Activism on the Internet

Social Policy and the Government: Campaign Financing

Research in Action: Why Dont More Young People Vote?

Social Inequality: Gender Quotas at the Ballot Box

Chapter 18: The Economy and Work

Economic Systems

Capitalism

Socialism

The Informal Economy

Case Study: Capitalism in China

The Road to Capitalism

The Chinese Economy Today

Chinese Workers in the New Economy

Work and Alienation

Marxs View

Worker Satisfaction

The Changing Economy

The Changing Face of the Workforce

Deindustrialization

Social Policy and the Economy: Global Offshoring

Taking Sociology to Work: Richard J. Hawk, Vice President and Financial Consultant, Smith Barney

Sociology in the Global Community: Working Women in Nepal

Social Inequality: Affirmative Action

Chapter 19: Health and Medicine

Culture and Health

Sociological Perspectives on Health and Illness

Functionalist Approach

Conflict Approach

Interactionist Approach

Labeling Approach

Social Epidemiology and Health

Social Class

Race and Ethnicity

Gender

Age

Health Care in the United States

A Historical View

Physicians, Nurses, and Patients

Alternatives to Traditional Health Care

The Role of Government

Mental Illness in the United States

Theoretical Models of Mental Disorders

Patterns of Care

Social Policy and Health: Financing Health Care Worldwide

Social Inequality: To Inform or Not to Inform? How Race and Ethnicity Affect Views of Patient Autonomy

Research in Action: The Nun Study

Taking Sociology to Work: Jess Purmort, Research Assistant, New York Academy of Medicine

Part 5: Changing Society

Chapter 20: Communities and Urbanization

How Did Communities Originate?

Early Communities

Preindustrial Cities

Industrial and Postindustrial Cities

Urbanization

Functionalist View: Urban Ecology

Conflict View: New Urban Sociology

Types of Communities

Central Cities

Suburbs

Rural Communities

Social Policy and Communities: Seeking Shelter Worldwide

Sociology in the Global Community: Squatter Settlements

Research in Action: Store Wars

Chapter 21: Population and the Environment

Demography: The Study of Population

Malthuss Thesis and Marxs Response

Studying Population Today

Elements of Demography

World Population Patterns

Demographic Transition

The Population Explosion

Fertility Patterns in the United States

The Baby Boom

Stable Population Growth

Population and Migration

International Migration

Internal Migration

The Environment

Environmental Problems: An Overview

Functionalism and Human Ecology

Conflict View of Environmental Issues

Environmental Justice

Social Policy and Population: World Population Policy

Taking Sociology to Work: Kelsie Lenor Wilson-Dorsett, Deputy Director, Department of Statistics, Government of the Bahamas

Sociology in the Global Community: Population Policy in China

Chapter 22: Collective Behavior and Social Movements

Theories of Collective Behavior

Emergent-Norm Perspective

Value-Added Perspective

Assembling Perspective

Forms of Collective Behavior

Crowds

Disaster Behavior

Fads and Fashions

Panics and Crazes

Rumors

Publics and Public Opinion

Social Movements

Communications and the Globalization of Collective Behavior

Social Policy and Social Movements: Disability Rights

Sociology on Campus: Antiwar Protests

Sociology in the Global Community: A New Social Movement in Rural India

Chapter 23: Globalization, Technology and Social Change

Theories of Social Change

Evolutionary Theory

Functionalist Theory

Conflict Theory

Resistance to Social Change

Economic and Cultural Factors

Resistance to Technology

Global Social Change

Technology and the Future

Computer Technology

Privacy and Censorship in a Global Village

Biotechnology

Social Policy and Globalization: Transnationals

Sociology in the Global Community: Social Change in South Africa

Research in Action: The Human Genome Project

Glossary

References

Acknowledgements

Photo Credits

Name Index

Subject Index