Sociology Your Compass for a New World, The Brief Edition (with InfoTrac)

by Brym, Robert J.; Lie, John

• ISBN13: 9780534643508
• ISBN10: 0534643507
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-10
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This brief, balanced, totally up-to-date text is characterized by its focus on the connection between oneself and the social world. It teaches students "how" to think, rather than just "what" to think, draws the connection between objectivity and subjectivity in sociological research, and places an emphasis on the importance of diversity and the global perspective. It is heralded for its inclusion of pop culture examples that truly connect with the students of today, and for its presentation of sociological concepts in a fresh, new contemporary way.

Table of Contents

PART I Foundations
A Sociological Compass	xxxiv
Introduction	1	(2)
Robert Brym's Indirect Road to Sociology	1	(2)
The Sociological Perspective	3	(6)
The Sociological Explanation of Suicide	3	(2)
The Sociological Imagination	5	(1)
Origins of the Sociological Imagination	6	(1)
Box 1.1 Sociology at the Movies: Minority Report (2002)	7	(2)
Sociological Theory and Theorists	9	(8)
Functionalism	9	(1)
Conflict Theory	10	(3)
Symbolic Interactionism	13	(2)
Feminist Theory	15	(2)
Conducting Research	17	(3)
The Research Cycle	18	(1)
Ethics in Sociological Research	19	(1)
The Main Methods of Sociological Research	20	(9)
Field Research	20	(3)
Experiments	23	(1)
Surveys	24	(4)
Analysis of Existing Documents and Official Statistics	28	(1)
A Sociological Compass	29	(7)
Equality versus Inequality of Opportunity	30	(1)
Individual Freedom versus Individual Constraint	31	(1)
Box 1.2 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Are Corporate Scandals a Problem of Individual Ethics or Social Policy?	32	(1)
Where Do You Fit In?	32	(1)
Summary	33	(1)
Questions to Consider	34	(1)
Web Resources	34	(2)
PART II Basic Social Processes
Culture	36	(28)
Culture as Problem Solving	37	(1)
The Origins and Components of Culture	38	(4)
Symbols	39	(1)
Norms and Values	39	(1)
Material and Nonmaterial Culture	40	(1)
Sanctions, Taboos, Mores, and Folkways	40	(1)
Language and the Sapir-Whorf Thesis	41	(1)
Culture as Freedom and Constraint	42	(2)
Culture and Ethnocentrism: A Functionalist Analysis of Culture	42	(1)
Box 2.1 Sociology at the Movies: Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997), The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), Goldmember (2002)	43	(1)
Culture as Freedom	44	(10)
Cultural Production and Symbolic Interactionism	44	(1)
Cultural Diversity	44	(1)
Multiculturalism	45	(1)
The Rights Revolution: A Conflict Analysis of Culture	46	(1)
Box 2.2 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Female Genital Mutilation: Cultural Relativism or Ethnocentrism?	47	(1)
From Diversity to Globalization	48	(1)
Aspects of Postmodernism	49	(1)
Box 2.3 Mass Media and Society: English, Globalization, and the Internet	50	(4)
Culture as Constraint	54	(10)
Values	54	(4)
Consumerism	58	(2)
From Counterculture to Subculture	60	(1)
Summary	61	(1)
Questions to Consider	62	(1)
Web Resources	62	(2)
Socialization	64	(26)
Social Isolation and Socialization	65	(3)
The Crystallization of Self-Identity	66	(2)
Theories of Childhood Socialization	68	(3)
Freud	68	(1)
Cooley's Symbolic Interactionism	69	(1)
Mead	70	(1)
Gilligan and Gender Differences	70	(1)
Civilization Differences	71	(1)
Agents of Socialization	71	(9)
Families	71	(1)
Schools	72	(1)
Class, Race, and Conflict Theory	72	(1)
Box 3.1 Sociology at the Movies: Monster (2003)	73	(1)
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy	74	(1)
Peer Groups	75	(1)
The Mass Media	76	(1)
Self-Socialization	77	(1)
Gender Roles, the Mass Media, and the Feminist Approach to Socialization	78	(1)
Box 3.2 Mass Media and Society: Learning Gender Roles through Popular Romance Novels	79	(1)
Resocialization and Total Institutions	79	(1)
Socialization across the Life Course	80	(10)
Adult Socialization and the Flexible Self	80	(2)
Identity and the Internet	82	(1)
Dilemmas of Childhood and Adolescent Socialization	83	(1)
The Emergence of Childhood and Adolescence	84	(1)
Problems of Childhood and Adolescent Socialization Today	84	(1)
Box 3.3 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Socialization versus Gun Control	85	(2)
Summary	87	(1)
Questions to Consider	88	(1)
Web Resources	88	(2)
Social Interaction	90	(24)
What is Social Interaction?	91	(4)
The Structure of Social Interaction	92	(1)
Case Study: Stewardesses and Their Clientele	93	(2)
What Shapes Social Interaction?	95	(1)
The Sociology of Emotions	95	(4)
Laughter and Humor	95	(2)
Emotion Management	97	(1)
Emotion Labor	98	(1)
Emotions in Historical Perspective	98	(1)
Modes of Social Interaction	99	(11)
Interaction as Competition and Exchange	99	(1)
Exchange and Rational Choice Theories	100	(1)
Interaction as Symbolic	101	(2)
Box 4.1 Sociology at the Movies: Miss Congeniality (2000)	103	(1)
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication	104	(4)
Power and Conflict Theories of Social Interaction	108	(1)
Box 4.2 Mass Media and Society: The Problem of Domination	109	(1)
Box 4.3 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Allocating Time Fairly in Class Discussions	110	(1)
Micro, Meso, Macro, and Global Structures	110	(4)
Summary	111	(1)
Questions to Consider	112	(1)
Web Resources	112	(2)
Networks, Groups, and Organizations	114	(28)
Beyond Individual Motives	115	(5)
The Holocaust	115	(1)
How Social Groups Shape Our Actions	116	(2)
Box 5.1 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Group Loyalty or Betrayal?	118	(2)
Social Networks: It's a Small World	120	(5)
Box 5.2 Mass Media and Society: Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon	121	(1)
The Value of Network Analysis	121	(3)
The Building Blocks of Social Networks: The Dyad and the Triad	124	(1)
Groups	125	(5)
Primary and Secondary Groups	125	(1)
Group Conformity	126	(1)
Groupthink	127	(1)
Inclusion and Exclusion: In-Groups and Out-Groups	128	(1)
Groups and Social Imagination	129	(1)
Bureaucracy	130	(8)
Bureaucratic Inefficiency	130	(1)
Box 5.3 Sociology at the Movies: Ikiru (1952)	131	(3)
Bureaucracy's Informal Side	134	(1)
Leadership Styles	135	(1)
Overcoming Bureaucratic Inefficiency	136	(1)
Organizational Environments	137	(1)
Freedom and Constraint in Social Life	138	(4)
Summary	139	(1)
Questions to Consider	139	(1)
Web Resources	140	(2)
Deviance and Crime	142	(28)
The Social Definition of Deviance and Crime	143	(10)
The Difference between Deviance and Crime	144	(1)
Types of Deviance and Crime	144	(2)
Power and the Social Construction of Crime and Deviance	146	(2)
Measuring Crime	148	(2)
Crime Rates	150	(1)
Criminal Profiles	151	(2)
Explaining Deviance and Crime	153	(6)
Box 6.1 Social Policy: What Do You Think? The War on Drugs	154	(1)
Motivational Theories	154	(2)
Constraint Theories	156	(3)
Trends in Criminal Justice	159	(11)
The Prison	160	(1)
Moral Panic	161	(2)
Box 6.2 Sociology at the Movies: Bowling for Columbine (2002)	163	(1)
Alternative Forms of Punishment	164	(3)
Summary	167	(1)
Questions to Consider	168	(1)
Web Resources	168	(2)
PART III Inequality
Social Stratification: United States and Global Perspectives	170	(28)
Social Stratification: Shipwrecks and Inequality	171	(2)
Patterns of Social Inequality	173	(4)
Wealth	173	(1)
Income	174	(2)
Box 7.1 Sociology at the Movies: Sweet Home Alabama (2002)	176	(1)
Global Inequality	177	(6)
International Differences	177	(1)
Measuring Internal Stratification	178	(1)
Box 7.2 Mass Media and Society: The Internet and Social Stratification	179	(1)
Economic Development	179	(4)
Is Stratification Inevitable? Three Theories	183	(4)
Marx	183	(1)
Critical Evaluation of Conflict Theory	183	(1)
Functionalism: The Davis-Moore Thesis	184	(1)
Critical Evaluation of Functionalism	184	(1)
Weber	185	(2)
Social Mobility	187	(2)
Blau and Duncan: The Status Attainment Model	187	(1)
Group Barriers: Race and Gender	188	(1)
Noneconomic Dimensions of Class	189	(9)
Prestige and Power	189	(1)
Politics and the Plight of the Poor	190	(1)
Government Policy and the Poverty Rate in the United States	190	(2)
Poverty Myths	192	(2)
Box 7.3 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Redesigning Welfare	194	(1)
Perception of Class Inequality in the United States	194	(2)
Summary	196	(1)
Questions to Consider	197	(1)
Web Resources	197	(1)
Globalization, Inequality, and Development	198	(28)
Introduction	199	(4)
The Creation of a Global Village	199	(1)
The Triumphs and Tragedies of Globalization	200	(3)
Globalization	203	(8)
Globalization in Everyday Life	203	(1)
The Sources of Globalization	204	(2)
A World Like the United States?	206	(1)
Box 8.1 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Should the United States Promote World Democracy?	207	(1)
Box 8.2 Mass Media and Society: Globalization or Cultural Imperialism?	208	(2)
Globalization and Its Discontents: Antiglobalization and Anti-Americanism	210	(1)
Global Inequality	211	(3)
Levels of Global Inequality	211	(3)
Theories of Development and Underdevelopment	214	(5)
Modernization Theory: A Functionalist Approach	214	(1)
Dependency Theory: A Conflict Approach	215	(1)
Effects of Foreign Investment	216	(1)
Core, Periphery, and Semiperiphery	217	(2)
Neoliberal versus Democratic Globalization	219	(7)
Globalization and Neoliberalism	219	(1)
Globalization Reform	220	(3)
Box 8.3 Sociology at the Movies: Three Kings (1999)	223	(1)
Summary	224	(1)
Questions to Consider	225	(1)
Web Resources	225	(1)
Race and Ethnicity	226	(30)
Defining Race and Ethnicity	227	(5)
Race, Biology, and Society	227	(1)
Prejudice, Discrimination, and Sports	228	(1)
The Social Construction of Race	229	(2)
Ethnicity, Culture, and Social Structure	231	(1)
Race and Ethnic Relations	232	(5)
Labels and Identity	232	(1)
The Formation of Racial and Ethnic Identities	232	(1)
Case Study: The Diversity of the ``Hispanic American'' Community	233	(2)
Ethnic and Racial Labels: Choice versus Imposition	235	(1)
Box 9.1 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Bilingual Education	236	(1)
Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations	237	(7)
Ecological Theory	237	(1)
Internal Colonialism and the Split Labor Market	238	(1)
Box 9.2 Sociology at the Movies: My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002)	239	(5)
Some Advantages of Ethnicity	244	(2)
Economic Advantages of Ethnic Group Membership	244	(1)
Political Advantages of Ethnic Group Membership	245	(1)
Emotional Advantages of Ethnic Group Membership	245	(1)
The Future of Race and Ethnicity	246	(5)
The Declining Significance of Race?	247	(1)
Box 9.3 Mass Media and Society: Minority Representation on Television	248	(1)
Immigration and the Renewal of Racial and Ethnic Groups	249	(2)
A Vertical Mosaic	251	(5)
Summary	253	(1)
Questions to Consider	254	(1)
Web Resources	255	(1)
Sexuality and Gender	256	(30)
Sex versus Gender	257	(2)
Is It a Boy or a Girl?	257	(1)
Gender Identity and Gender Role	258	(1)
Theories of Gender	259	(10)
Essentialism	260	(1)
Functionalism and Essentialism	260	(1)
A Critique of Essentialism from the Conflict and Feminist Perspectives	260	(2)
Social Constructionism and Symbolic Interactionism	262	(3)
The Mass Media and Body Image	265	(2)
Box 10.1 Mass Media and Society: Why Thinner?	267	(1)
Male-Female Interaction	268	(1)
Homosexuality	269	(3)
Box 10.2 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Hate Crime Law and Homophobia	272	(1)
Gender Inequality	272	(6)
The Earnings Gap Today	272	(1)
Box 10.3 Sociology at the Movies: Boys Don't Cry (1999)	273	(2)
Male Aggression against Women	275	(3)
Toward 2050	278	(2)
Child Care	279	(1)
Comparable Worth	280	(1)
The Women's Movement	280	(6)
Summary	283	(1)
Questions to Consider	284	(1)
Web Resources	284	(2)
PART IV Institutions
Families	286	(30)
Introduction	287	(4)
Is the Family in Decline?	288	(1)
Box 11.1 Sociology at the Movies: American Beauty (1999)	289	(2)
Functionalism and the Nuclear Ideal	291	(3)
Functional Theory	291	(1)
Functions of the Nuclear Family	291	(1)
The American Middle Class in the 1950s	292	(2)
Conflict and Feminist Theories	294	(1)
Power and Families	295	(10)
Love and Mate Selection	295	(2)
Marital Satisfaction	297	(2)
Divorce	299	(2)
Reproductive Choice	301	(1)
Reproductive Technologies	302	(1)
Housework and Child Care	303	(1)
Domestic Violence	304	(1)
Family Diversity	305	(6)
Heterosexual Cohabitation	305	(2)
Same-Sex Unions and Partnerships	307	(2)
Single-Mother Families: Racial and Ethnic Differences	309	(2)
Box 11.2 Social Policy: What Do You Think? The Pro-Fatherhood Campaign	311	(1)
Family Policy	311	(5)
Crossnational Differences: The United States and Sweden	311	(3)
Summary	314	(1)
Questions to Consider	315	(1)
Web Resources	315	(1)
Religion and Education	316	(36)
Religion	317	(1)
Classical Approaches in the Sociology of Religion	318	(6)
Durkheim: A Functionalist Approach	318	(1)
Religion, Conflict Theory, and Feminist Theory	319	(5)
Weber and the Problem of Social Change: A Symbolic Interactionist Interpretation	324	(1)
The Rise, Decline, and Partial Revival of Religion	324	(7)
Secularization	324	(1)
Religious Revival	325	(1)
Religious Fundamentalism in the United States	326	(2)
Box 12.1 Sociology at the Movies: Harry Potter and The Sorcerer's Stone (2001)	328	(1)
Religious Fundamentalism Worldwide	329	(1)
Fundamentalism and Extremist Politics in the Arab World	329	(1)
The Revised Secularization Thesis	330	(1)
The Structure of Religion in the United States and the World	331	(4)
Types of Religious Organization	331	(3)
Religiosity	334	(1)
The Future of Religion	335	(1)
Education	335	(2)
Affirmative Action and Meritocracy	336	(1)
Macrosociological Processes	337	(7)
The Functions of Education	337	(1)
The Effect of Economic Inequality from the Conflict Perspective	338	(2)
Standardized Tests	340	(2)
Gender and Education: The Feminist Contribution	342	(2)
Microsociological Processes	344	(2)
The Stereotype Threat: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective	344	(1)
Cultural Capital	345	(1)
Contested Terrain: Crisis and Reform in U.S. Schools	346	(6)
Solutions to the School Crisis	346	(1)
Box 12.2 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Vouchers versus Public Education	347	(3)
Summary	350	(1)
Questions to Consider	351	(1)
Web Resources	351	(1)
Politics, Work, and the Economy	352	(36)
Politics	353	(2)
The Tobacco War	353	(2)
Politics, Social Structure, and Political Institutions	355	(1)
Power and Authority	355	(5)
Types of Authority	356	(1)
Types of Political System	356	(2)
Box 13.1 Sociology at the Movies: Gangs of New York (2002)	358	(2)
Box 13.2 Mass Media and Society: Television and Politics	360	(1)
Theories of Democracy	360	(8)
Pluralist Theory	360	(1)
Elite Theory	361	(1)
The Elitist Critique of Pluralism	361	(2)
Power Resource Theory	363	(3)
State-Centered Theory	366	(2)
Politics by Other Means	368	(4)
War	368	(2)
Terrorism and Related Forms of Political Violence	370	(2)
Work and the Economy	372	(8)
Economic Sectors	372	(1)
The Division and Hierarchy of Labor	373	(1)
The Quality of Work	374	(1)
The Deskilling Thesis	374	(1)
A Critique of the Deskilling Thesis	375	(1)
Worker Resistance and Management Response	376	(1)
Labor Market Segmentation	377	(1)
Free versus Regulated Markets	378	(1)
Box 13.3 Social Policy: What Do You Think? The Minimum Wage	379	(1)
Economic Systems	380	(2)
Capitalism	380	(1)
Communism	380	(1)
Democratic Socialism	381	(1)
The Corporation	382	(1)
Giant Corporations	382	(1)
The Future of Work and the Economy	383	(5)
Summary	384	(1)
Questions to Consider	385	(1)
Web Resources	386	(2)
Health, Medicine, Disability, and Aging	388	(34)
Health and Medicine	389	(2)
The Black Death	389	(1)
Sociological Issues of Health, Medicine, and Disability	390	(1)
Defining and Measuring Health	391	(7)
The Social Causes of Illness and Death	392	(1)
Global Health Inequalities	393	(2)
Class Inequalities and Health Care	395	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Inequalities in Health Care	396	(1)
Gender Inequalities in Health Care: The Feminist Contribution	397	(1)
Box 14.1 Social Policy: What Do You Think? The High Cost of Prescription Drugs	398	(1)
Health and Politics: The United States from Conflict and Functionalist Perspectives	398	(5)
Problems with Private Health Insurance and Health Maintenance Organizations	400	(1)
Advantages of Private and For-Profit Health-Care Institutions	400	(2)
The Professionalization of Medicine	402	(1)
Recent Challenges to Traditional Medical Science	403	(2)
Patient Activism	403	(1)
Alternative Medicine	404	(1)
Holistic Medicine	404	(1)
Disability	405	(5)
The Social Construction of Disability	406	(1)
Rehabilitation and Elimination	406	(1)
Ablism	407	(1)
Challenging Ablism: The Normality of Disability	408	(1)
Box 14.2 Sociology at the Movies: Shallow Hal (2001)	409	(1)
Aging	410	(2)
Age Stratification	410	(2)
Theories of Age Stratification	412	(1)
The Functionalist View	412	(1)
Conflict Theory	412	(1)
Symbolic Interactionist Theory	413	(1)
Social Problems of Elderly People	413	(9)
Aging and Poverty	413	(2)
A Shortage of Caregivers	415	(1)
Ageism	415	(1)
Death and Dying	416	(1)
Euthanasia	417	(1)
The Business of Dying	418	(2)
Summary	420	(1)
Questions to Consider	421	(1)
Web Resources	421	(1)
PART V Social Change
Population and Urbanization	422	(26)
The City of God	423	(1)
Population	424	(3)
The Population ``Explosion''	424	(3)
Theories of Population Growth	427	(4)
The Malthusian Trap	427	(1)
A Critique of Malthus	427	(2)
Demographic Transition Theory	429	(1)
A Critique of Demographic Transition Theory	430	(1)
Population and Social Inequality	431	(3)
Karl Marx	431	(1)
Gender Inequality and Overpopulation	431	(1)
Class Inequality and Overpopulation	432	(1)
Box 15.1 Social Policy: What Do You Think? How Can We Find 100 Million Missing Women?	433	(1)
Summing Up	434	(1)
Urbanization	434	(14)
From the Preindustrial to the Industrial City	435	(1)
Box 15.2 Mass Media and Society: The Mass Media and the Establishment of Community	436	(1)
The Chicago School and the Industrial City	436	(2)
After Chicago: A Critique	438	(1)
The Conflict View and New Urban Sociology	439	(1)
The Corporate City	440	(1)
The Urbanization of Rural America	441	(1)
Box 15.3 Sociology at the Movies: 8 Mile (2002)	442	(2)
The Postmodern City	444	(2)
Summary	446	(1)
Questions to Consider	447	(1)
Web Resources	447	(1)
Collective Action and Social Movements	448	(27)
How to Spark a Riot	449	(2)
The Study of Collective Action and Social Movements	450	(1)
Nonroutine Collective Action	451	(7)
The Lynching of Claude Neal	451	(1)
Breakdown Theory	452	(1)
Deprivation, Crowds, and the Breakdown of Norms	452	(1)
Assessing Breakdown Theory	453	(3)
Social Disorganization and Collective Action	456	(2)
Social Movements	458	(1)
Solidarity Theory	458	(1)
Case Study: Strikes and the Union Movement in the United States	459	(5)
Box 16.1 Social Policy: What Do You Think? Government Surveillance of Social Movements	460	(2)
Strikes and Resource Mobilization	462	(1)
Strikes and Political Opportunities	463	(1)
Framing Discontent	464	(4)
Examples of Frame Alignment	465	(1)
Box 16.2 Sociology at the Movies: The Day after Tomorrow (2004)	466	(1)
An Application of Frame Alignment: Back to 1968	466	(2)
The Future of Social Movements	468	(7)
Goals of New Social Movements	470	(1)
Membership in New Social Movements	470	(1)
Globalization Potential of New Social Movements	470	(1)
Box 16.3 The Mass Media and Society: ``The First Postmodern Revolution''	471	(1)
An Environmental Social Movement	471	(1)
Summary	472	(1)
Questions to Consider	473	(1)
Web Resources	473	(2)
Glossary	475	(10)
References	485	(32)
Credits	517	(2)
Indexes	519