Sources of The Making of the West, Volume I: To 1740 Peoples and Cultures

by Lualdi, Katharine J.; Hunt, Lynn; Martin, Thomas R.; Rosenwein, Barbara H.; Hsia, R. Po-chia; Smith, Bonnie G.

• ISBN13: 9780312465179
• ISBN10: 0312465173
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-02-20
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Summary

This companion sourcebook provides written and visual sources to accompany each chapter ofThe Making of the West. Political, social, and cultural documents offer a variety of perspectives that complement the textbook and encourage student to make connections between narrative history and primary sources. Each chapter contains a chapter summary, document headnotes, and questions for discussion.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. v
Introduction: Working with Historical Sources	p. 1
Early Western Civilization, 4000-1000 B.C.E.	p. 15
Defining Humanity: Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2000 B.C.E.)	p. 15
Establishing Law and Justice: King Hammurabi, The Code of Hammurabi (Early Eighteenth Century B.C.E.)	p. 19
Exploring New Lands: The Story of Sinuhe (Late Nineteenth Century B.C.E.)	p. 26
Writing Experiences: Egyptian Scribal Exercise Book (Twelfth Century B.C.E.)	p. 29
Allying for Peace: The "Eternal Treaty" between the Egyptians and Hittites (c. 1259 B.C.E.)	p. 33
The Near East and the Emergence of Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E.	p. 37
Empires and Divine Right: Inscription Honoring Cyrus, King of Persia (r.c. 557-530 B.C.E.)	p. 37
Monotheism and Mosaic Law: The Book of Exodus, Chapters 19-20 (c. Tenth-Sixth Centuries B.C.E.)	p. 39
Two Visions of the City-State: Tyrtaeus of Sparta and Solon of Athens, Poems (Seventh-Sixth Centuries B.C.E.)	p. 42
Greek Colonization: Herodotus, The Foundation of Cyrene (Late Seventh Century B.C.E.)	p. 45
A Woman's Voice: The Poems of Sappho of Lesbos (Sixth Century B.C.E.)	p. 48
The Greek Golden Age of the Fifth Century B.C.E.	p. 54
The Golden Age of Athens: Thucydides, The Funeral Oration of Pericles (429 B.C.E.)	p. 54
The Emergence of Philosophy: Plato, The Apology of Socrates (399 B.C.E.)	p. 57
The Advance of Science: Hippocrates of Cos, On the Sacred Disease (400 B.C.E.)	p. 62
In Defense of Manly Honor: Euphiletus, A Husband Speaks in His Own Defense (c. 400 B.C.E.)	p. 65
The Geography of Daily Life: Overhead View of a House in Olynthos (c. 432 B.C.E.)	p. 71
Protesting War, Performing Satire: Aristophanes, Lysistrata (411 B.C.E.)	p. 72
From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E.	p. 79
The Conquest of New Lands: Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander the Great (Fourth Century B.C.E.)	p. 79
Imperial Bureaucracy: Zeno, Egyptian Official, Records (259-250 B.C.E.)	p. 83
Everyday Life: Funerary Inscriptions and Epitaphs (Fifth-First Centuries B.C.E.)	p. 88
In Pursuit of Happiness: Epicurus, Letter to a Friend (Late Third Century B.C.E.)	p. 91
Exacting Science: Eratosthenes, Measurement of the Earth (Third Century B.C.E.) and Modern Diagram of Eratosthenes' Measurement	p. 93
The Rise of Rome, 753-44 B.C.E.	p. 97
Formalizing Roman Law: The Twelve Tables (451-449 B.C.E.)	p. 97
Artistic Influences: Etruscan Statuette of a Rider (c. 434-400 B.C.E.) and Roman Bust of Lucius Junius Brutus (c. 300 B.C.E.)	p. 103
Status and Discrimination: Roman Women Demonstrate against the Oppian Law (195 B.C.E.)	p. 106
"Cultivating Justice and Piety": Cicero, On the Commonwealth (54 B.C.E.)	p. 110
Failure and Factionalism: The Gracchan Reforms (133 B.C.E.)	p. 113
Toward Empire: Julius Caesar, The Gallic War (52 B.C.E.)	p. 116
The Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E.-284 C.E.	p. 121
In Defense of Roman Authority and Order: Imperial Edicts for the Government of Cyrene (7 B.C.E.)	p. 121
An Urban Empire: Notices and Graffiti Describe Life in Pompeii (First Century C.E.)	p. 123
New Influences to the North: Tacitus, Germania (c. 98 C.E.)	p. 126
Persecuting a New Religion: Interrogation of Christians (180 C.E.)	p. 130
Revolt in the Colonies: Flavius Josephus, The Jewish War (70 C.E.)	p. 132
The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E.	p. 135
The Establishment of Roman Christian Doctrine: Arius, Letter to Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria (c. 320 C.E.) and The Nicene Creed (325 C.E.)	p. 135
Polytheism versus Christianity: Quintas Aurelius Symmachus and St. Ambrose, The Altar of Victory Sparks a Religious Debate (384 C.E.)	p. 137
The Development of Monasticism: St. Jerome, Letter 107 (403 C.E.)	p. 140
Germanic Law in the Roman Empire: The Burgundian Code (c. 475-525 C.E.)	p. 143
Emergence of Byzantium: Procopius, Secret History (550 C.E.)	p. 148
Islam, Byzantium, and the West, 600-750	p. 153
The Foundations of Islam: Qur'an, Suras 1, 53, 98 (c. 610-632)	p. 153
Jihad and Jizya: Islamic Terms of Peace (633-643)	p. 157
Byzantine Life: The Life of St. Theodore of Sykeon (Early Seventh Century)	p. 159
A Noblewoman's Life: The Life of Lady Balthild, Queen of the Franks (Late Seventh Century)	p. 162
Roman Christian Missions: Pope Gregory the Great, Letters (598-601)	p. 167
Emperors, Caliphs, and Local Lords, 750-1050	p. 170
The Rule of Charlemagne: General Capitulary for the Missi (802)	p. 170
Resistance from Constantinople: Liutprand of Cremona, Report to Otto I (968)	p. 174
The Macedonian Renaissance: Veroli Casket (c. 1000)	p. 178
A New Islamic Dynasty: Ahmad al-Ya'qubi, Kitab al-buldan (Ninth Century)	p. 179
Advances in Medicine: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyu Al-razi, A Treatise on the Small-Pox and Measles (c. 910)	p. 182
The Faithful Vassal: Fulbert of Chartres, Letter to William of Aquitaine (1020)	p. 185
Merchants and Kings, Popes and Crusaders, 1050-1150	p. 188
Medieval Cities: Urban Charters of Jaca, Spain (c. 1077) and Lorris, France (1155)	p. 188
Sources of the Investiture Conflict: Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII, Letter and Excommunication (1076)	p. 193
Calling the First Crusade: Fulcher of Chartres, Pope Urban II's Speech at Clermont (1095)	p. 195
Arab Response to the First Crusade: Ibn al-Athir, A Muslim Perspective (1097-1099)	p. 197
The Power of William I: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1085-1086)	p. 202
The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215	p. 206
Scholarly Pursuits and Youthful Frolics: Medieval University Life (Twelfth-Early Thirteenth Centuries)	p. 206
Gothic Architecture: Abbot Suger, The Abbey Church of Saint-Denis (1144)	p. 211
Courtly Love: Chretien de Troyes, Erec and Enide (c. 1170)	p. 214
Franciscan Piety: St. Francis and St. Clare of Assisi, Selected Writings (Thirteenth Century)	p. 219
The Sack of Constantinople: Annals of Niketas Choniates (1204)	p. 224
The Medieval Search for Order, 1215-1340	p. 229
A Female Mystic: Hadewijch of Brabant, Letters and Poems (1220-1240)	p. 229
The Rise of Anti-Semitism: Thomas of Monmouth, The Life and Martyrdom of St. William of Norwich (c. 1173)	p. 233
Imagining Hell: Dante Alighieri, Divine Comedy (1313-1321)	p. 236
Bureaucratic Institutions: Summons of Representatives of Shires and Towns to Parliament (1295) and Rolls of Parliament, Petitions and Answers (1290-1305)	p. 241
A Monogol's View: Guyuk Khan, Letter to Pope Innocent IV (1246)	p. 244
Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492	p. 247
Demographic Catastrophe: The Black Death (Fourteenth Century)	p. 247
Crisis and Change: Thomas Walsingham: Peasant Rebels in London (1381)	p. 251
The Great Schism: Catherine of Siena, Letters (1376-1377) and Councils of Pisa and Constance, Decrees (1409-1417)	p. 254
Satirizing the Church: Geoffrey Chaucer, The Pardoner's Prologue (1387-1400)	p. 257
Extolling Humanism: Giovanni Rucellai and Leonardo Bruni, Florence in the Quattrocento (1427 and 1457)	p. 261
Women's Place in Renaissance Italy: Alessandra, Letters from a Widow and Matriarch of a Great Family (1450-1465)	p. 265
Religious Reforms and Global Encounters, 1492-1560	p. 269
Worlds Collide: Bernal Diaz del Castillo, The True History of the Conquest of New Spain (c. 1567)	p. 269
Illustrating a Native Perspective: Lienzo de Tlaxcala (c. 1560)	p. 274
Defending Native Humanity: Bartolome de Las Casas, In Defense of the Indians (c. 1548-1550)	p. 275
Scripture and Salvation: Martin Luther, Freedom of a Christian (1520)	p. 278
Reforming Christianity: John Calvin, Articles Concerning Predestination (c. 1560) and The Necessity of Reforming the Church (1543)	p. 280
Responding to Reformation: St. Ignatius of Loyola, A New Kind of Catholicism (1546, 1549, 1553)	p. 282
Wars of Religion and Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648	p. 287
Legislating Tolerance: Henry IV, Edict of Nantes (1598)	p. 287
Barbarians All: Michel de Montaigne, Of Cannibals (1580s)	p. 291
The Scientific Challenge: Galileo, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (1615)	p. 293
The Persecution of Witches: The Trial of Suzanne Gaudry (1652)	p. 297
Commercial Endeavors: David Pieterzen DeVries, Voyages from Holland to America (1655)	p. 303
State Building and the Search for Order, 1648-1690	p. 307
Civil War and Social Contract: Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)	p. 307
The Consent of the Governed: John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government (1690)	p. 313
Opposing Serfdom: Ludwig Fabritius, The Revolt of Stenka Razin (1670)	p. 316
Fighting for Empire: A True and Exact Relation of the Raising of the Siege of Vienna (1683)	p. 319
In Search of the Northwest Passage: Jacques Marquette, Exploring the Mississippi (1673)	p. 323
The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1690-1740	p. 329
Captivity and Enslavement: Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Written by Himself (1789)	p. 329
A "Sober and Wholesome Drink": A Brief Description of the Excellent Vertues of That Sober and Wholesome Drink, Called Coffee (1674)	p. 332
In Defense of Military Action: Tsar Peter I, Letter to His Son, Alexei (October 11, 1715) and Alexei's Response (October 31, 1715)	p. 336
Challenging Absolutism: Montesquieu, Persian Letters: Letter 37 (1721)	p. 339
Questioning Women's Submission: Mary Astell, Reflections upon Marriage (1706)	p. 341
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