Sources for Western Society, Volume 2 From the Age of Exploration to the Present

by McKay, John P.; Crowston, Clare Haru; Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.; Perry, Joe

• ISBN13: 9781457615207
• ISBN10: 1457615207
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2013-09-20
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Summary

As a collection primary sources, Sources for Western Society, Volume 2 gives you the necessary tools to engage critically with canonical and lesser known sources, hearing from both prominent and ordinary voices to enhance your grasp on history.

Author Biography

John P. McKay (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is professor emeritus at the University of Illinois. He has written or edited numerous works, including the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize-winning book Pioneers for Profit: Foreign Entrepreneurship and Russian Industrialization, 1885-1913 and Tramways and Trolleys: The Rise of Urban Mass Transport in Europe.  He also contributed to Imagining the Twentieth Century.

Bennett D. Hill (Ph.D., Princeton), late of the University of Illinois, was the history department chair from 1978 to 1981. He published Church and State in the Middle Ages, English Cistercian Monasteries and Their Patrons in the Twelfth Century, and numerous articles and reviews, and was one of the contributing editors to The Encyclopedia of World History. A Benedictine monk of St. Anselm's Abbey in Washington, D.C., he was also a visiting professor at Georgetown University.

John Buckler (Ph.D., Harvard University) taught history at the University of Illinois.  Published books include Aegean Greece in the Fourth Century B.C., Philip II and the Sacred War, and Theban Hegemony, 371-362 B.C. With Hans Beck, he most recently published Central Greece and the Politics of Power in the Fourth Century.

Clare Haru Crowston (Ph.D., Cornell University) teaches at the University of Illinois, where she is currently associate professor of history. She is the author of Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675-1791, which won the Berkshire and Hagley Prizes. She edited two special issues of the Journal of Women's History, has published numerous journal articles and reviews, and is a past president of the Society for French Historical Studies and a former chair of the Pinkney Prize Committee.

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison) taught first at Augustana College in Illinois, and since 1985 at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where she is currently UWM Distinguished Professor in the department of history. She is the coeditor of the Sixteenth Century Journal and the author or editor of more than twenty books, most recently The Marvelous Hairy Girls: The Gonzales Sisters and Their Worlds and Gender in History. She currently serves as the Chief Reader for Advanced Placement World History.

Joe Perry (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) is Associate Professor of modern German and European history at Georgia State University. He has published numerous articles and is author of the recently published book Christmas in Germany: A Cultural History. His current research interests include issues of consumption, gender, and television in East and West Germany after World War II.

Table of Contents

Chapter 14: European Exploration and Conquest, 1450–1650

14-1: Columbus Sets the Context for His Voyage: CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, Diario (1492)

14-2: Cortés Describes the Conquest of the Aztecs: HERNANDO CORTÉS, Two Letters to Charles V: On the Conquest of the Aztecs (1521)

Sources in Conversation: The Slave Trade in Africa

14-3: ALVISE DA CA’ DA MOSTO, Description of Capo Bianco and the Islands Nearest to It: Fifteenth-Century Slave Trade in West Africa (1455–1456)

14-4: KING NZINGA MBEMBA AFFONSO OF CONGO, Letters on the Slave Trade (1526)

14-5: The Jesuits Bring Christianity to Asia: SAINT FRANCIS XAVIER, Missionaries in Japan (1552)

14-6: A Critique of European Superiority: MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE, Of Cannibals (1580)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 15: Absolutism and Constitutionalism, ca. 1589–1725

15-1: A French King Establishes Limited Religious Toleration: HENRY IV, Edict of Nantes (1598)

15-2: An Argument for the Divine Right of Kings: JACQUES-BÉNIGNE BOSSUET, Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture (1679)

15-3: The English Place Limits on Monarchical Power: The Bill of Rights (1689)

15-4: A Tsar Imposes Western Styles on the Russians: PETER THE GREAT, Edicts and Decrees (1699–1723)

Sources in Conversation: The Commonwealth and the State of Nature

15-5: THOMAS HOBBES, Leviathan (1651)

15-6: JOHN LOCKE, Second Treatise of Civil Government: Vindication for the Glorious Revolution (1690)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 16: Toward a New Worldview, 1540–1789

16-1: A New Model of the Solar System: NICOLAUS COPERNICUS, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1542)

16-2: A Defense of Science: FRANCIS BACON, On Superstition and the Virtue of Science (1620)

Sources in Conversation: Monarchical Power and Responsibility

16-3: FREDERICK THE GREAT, Essay on the Forms of Government (ca. 1740)

16-4: CHARLES DE SECONDAT, BARON DE MONTESQUIEU, From The Spirit of Laws: On the Separation of Governmental Powers (1748)

16-5: JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, The Social Contract: On Popular Sovereignty and the General Will (1762)

16-6: A Philosophe Argues for Religious Toleration: VOLTAIRE, A Treatise on Toleration (1763)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 17: The Expansion of Europe, 1650–1800

17-1: The Domestic Economy: The Guild System in Germany (1704–1719)

17-2: Defining and Defending Mercantilism: THOMAS MUN, England’s Treasure by Foreign Trade (1664)

17-3: Critiquing Mercantilism: ADAM SMITH, The Wealth of Nations (1776)

Sources in Conversation: The Moral Implications of Expansion

17-4: OLAUDAH EQUIANO, A Description of the Middle Passage (1789)

17-5: ROBERT, FIRST BARON CLIVE, Speech in the House of Commons on India (1772)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 18: Life in the Era of Expansion, 1650–1800

18-1: The Dangers of Eighteenth-Century Life: EDMOND WILLIAMSON, Births and Deaths in an English Gentry Family (1709–1720)

18-2: Embracing Innovation in Medicine: MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU, On Smallpox Inoculations (ca. 1717)

18-3: Shaping Young Minds and Bodies: JOHN LOCKE, Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

Sources in Conversation: The Challenge to Established Religion in the 1700s

18-4: JOHN WESLEY, The Ground Rules for Methodism (1749)

18-5: THOMAS PAINE, The Age of Reason (1794)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 19: Revolutions in Politics, 1775–1815

19-1: The Third Estate Speaks: COMMISSIONERS OF THE THIRD ESTATE OF THE CARCASSONNE, Notebooks of Grievances (1789)

19-2: Redefining Society and the Nation: ABBÉ SIEYÈS, What Is the Third Estate? (1789)

Sources in Conversation: Imagining a New France

19-3: NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF FRANCE, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)

19-4: The Law of 22 Prairial (1794)

19-5: NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, The Napoleonic Code (1804)

19-6: Challenging the Limits of Equality: MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

19-7: The Revolution in the French Colonies: FRANÇOIS DOMINIQUE TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE, A Black Revolutionary Leader in Haiti (1797)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, ca. 1780–1850

20-1: Predicting a Population Catastrophe: THOMAS MALTHUS, An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)

Sources in Conversation: Life as an Industrial Worker at Mid-Century

20-2: FRIEDRICH ENGELS, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 (1844)

20-3: Factory Rules in Berlin (1844)

20-4: NED LUDD, Yorkshire Textile Workers Threaten a Factory Owner (ca. 1811–1812)

20-5: Creating an Industrial Utopia: ROBERT OWEN, A New View of Society (1813)

20-6: Child Labor in an Industrial Age: The Child of the Factory (1842)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 21: Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815–1850

21-1: Arguing Against Higher Wages for Workers: DAVID RICARDO, On Wages (1817)

Sources in Conversation: Conservatism, Liberalism, and Socialism

21-2: KLEMENS VON METTERNICH, Political Confession of Faith (1820)

21-3: JOHN STUART MILL, On Liberty (1859)

21-4: KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS, The Communist Manifesto (1848)

21-5: Following Mademoiselle Liberté: EUGÈNE DELACROIX, Liberty Leading the People (1830)

21-6: Workers Demand the Vote: The People’s Charter (1838)

21-7 The Misery of the Potato Famine: WILLIAM STEUART TRENCH, Realities of Irish Life (1847)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 22: Life in the Emerging Urban Society, 1840–1914

22-1: Sanitation and Public Health: SIR EDWIN CHADWICK, Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Poor (1842)

22-2: Life in London’s East End: JACK LONDON, The People of the Abyss (1902)

Sources in Conversation: Separate Spheres

22-3: ISABELLA BEETON, Mrs. Beeton’s Book of Household Management (1861)

22-4: Dressing the Respectable Woman (ca. 1890)

22-5: Women and the Industrial World: CLARA ZETKIN, Women’s Work and the Trade Unions (1887)

22-6: A New Creation Story: CHARLES DARWIN, The Descent of Man (1871)

22-7: Weeding Out the Weak: HERBERT SPENCER, Social Statics: Survival of the Fittest

Applied to Humankind (1851)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 23: The Age of Nationalism, 1850–1914

23-1: Romantic Nationalism in Italy: The First Meeting Between Mazzini and Garibaldi (1833)

Sources in Conversation: Nationalism and the Conservative Order

23-2: GIORGIO ASPRONI, Reflections on the Death of Cavour (1860)

23-3: OTTO VON BISMARCK, Speech Before the Reichstag: On the Law for Workers’ Compensation (1884)

23-4: A Revolution in Paris: JOHN LEIGHTON, Paris Under the Commune (1871)

23-5: An Indictment of France’s Military Elite: ÉMILE ZOLA, J’Accuse the French Army (1898)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 24: The West and the World, 1815–1914

Sources in Conversation: Economic Imperialism and Military Expansion

24-1: COMMISSIONER LIN ZEXU, Letter to Queen Victoria (1839)

24-2: JULES FERRY, Speech Before the French Chamber of Deputies (1884)

24-3 British Conquests in Africa, The Rhodes Colossus (1892)

24-4 A White Explorer in Black Africa: HENRY MORTON STANLEY, Autobiography (1909)

24-5 An Anti-Imperialist Pamphlet: MARK TWAIN, King Leopold’s Soliloquy (1905) 397

24-6 Questioning the Economics of Imperialism: J. A. HOBSON, Imperialism (1902)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 25: War and Revolution, 1914–1919

25-1: Germany Gives Austria a Blank Check: CHANCELLOR THEOBALD VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG, Telegram to the German Ambassador at Vienna (July 6, 1914)

Sources in Conversation: World War I in the Trenches and in the Air

25-2: Klaxon Horn Used to Warn of Gas Attacks (1917)

25-3: Baron Manfred von Richthofen (1917)

25-4: Women and the War: HELENA SWANWICK, The War in Its Effect Upon Women (1916)

25-5: Preparing for the Coming Revolution: VLADIMIR I. LENIN, What Is to Be Done? (1902)

25-6: Making the World Safe for Democracy: WOODROW WILSON, The Fourteen Points (1918)

25-7: The Bitter Taste of Defeat: A Defeated Germany Contemplates the Peace Treaty (1919)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 26: The Age of Anxiety, 1880–1940

26-1: Discovering the Self: SIGMUND FREUD, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)

26-2: A Female Impressionist’s Perspective, MARY CASSATT, Reading Le Figaro (1878)

26-3: An Analysis of the Versailles Treaty: JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1920)

26-4: Postwar Economic Crisis in Germany: Hyperinflation in Germany (1923)

Sources in Conversation: The Great Depression in Great Britain and Germany

26-5: SIR PERCY MALCOLM STEWART, Parliament Addresses the Great Depression in Britain (1934)

26-6: HEINRICH HAUSER, With the Unemployed in Germany (1933)

26-7: German Communist Party Poster (1932)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 27: Dictatorships and the Second World War, 1919–1945

27-1: An American Admirer of Fascism: RICHARD WASHBURN CHILD, Foreword to the Autobiography of Benito Mussolini (1928)

27-2: A Culture of Paranoia and Coercion: VLADIMIR TCHERNAVIN, I Speak for the Silent (1930)

Sources in Conversation: Propaganda and the Totalitarian State

27-3: ADOLF HITLER, Mein Kampf: The Art of Propaganda (1924)

27-4: Soviet Propaganda Posters (1941 and 1945)

27-5: Freedom’s Last Line of Defense: WINSTON CHURCHILL, Speech Before the House

of Commons (June 18, 1940)

27-6: Legislating Racial Purity: The Nuremberg Laws: The Centerpiece of Nazi Racial

Legislation (1935)

27-7: The First Steps Toward a Final Solution: ALFRED ROSENBERG, The Jewish Question as a World Problem (1941)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 28: Cold War Conflict and Consensus, 1945–1965

28-1: The United States Rebuilds Europe: GEORGE C. MARSHALL, An American Plan to Rebuild a Shattered Europe (June 5, 1947)

28-2: The Stalinist Gulag: ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962)

28-3: Stalin Denounces Churchill: JOSEPH STALIN, Interview Regarding Winston Churchill’s

Iron Curtain Speech (March 14, 1946)

Sources in Conversation: Challenging the Prewar Social and Political Order

28-4: FRANTZ FANON, The Wretched of the Earth (1961)

28-5: SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR, The Second Sex (1949)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 29: Challenging the Postwar Order,1960–1991

Sources in Conversation: Reforming Socialist Societies

29-1: SOLIDARITY UNION, Twenty-One Demands: A Call for Workers’ Rights and Freedoms (1980)

29-2: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV, Perestroika: A Soviet Leader Calls for Change (1987)

29-3: Tiananmen Square: Resistance to the Power of the State: JEFF WIDENER, Tank Man (1989)

29-4: Women Demand Fundamental Change: BETTY FRIEDAN, Statement of Purpose of the

National Organization for Women: Defining Full Equality (1966)

29-5: The Challenges of the Post-Communist Era: VACLAV HAVEL, New Year’s Address to the Nation (1990)

Comparative and Discussion Questions

Chapter 30: Life in an Age of Globalization, 1990 to the Present

Sources in Conversation: Islam Versus the West?

30-1: AMARTYA SEN, A World Not Neatly Divided (November 23, 2001)

30-2: TARIQ RAMADAN, Western Muslims and the Future of Islam (2004)

30-3: Protesting Globalization: A Greenpeace Activist at the G8 Summit (2001)

30-4: Arab Spring: A Tunisian Woman Casts Her Vote (2011)

Comparative and Discussion Questions