Spinning The Semantic Web

by Fensel, Dieter; Hendler, James; Lieberman, Henry; Wahlster, Wolfgang

• ISBN13: 9780262562126
• ISBN10: 026256212X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-03-01
• Publisher: Mit Pr

Summary

As the World Wide Web continues to expand, it becomes increasingly difficult for users to obtain information efficiently. Because most search engines read format languages such as HTML or SGML, search results reflect formatting tags more than actual page content, which is expressed in natural language. Spinning the Semantic Webdescribes an exciting new type of hierarchy and standardization that will replace the current "web of links" with a "web of meaning." Using a flexible set of languages and tools, the Semantic Web will make all available information-display elements, metadata, services, images, and especially content-accessible. The result will be an immense repository of information accessible for a wide range of new applications. This first handbook for the Semantic Web covers, among other topics, software agents that can negotiate and collect information, markup languages that can tag many more types of information in a document, and knowledge systems that enable machines to read Web pages and determine their reliability. The truly interdisciplinary Semantic Web combines aspects of artificial intelligence, markup languages, natural language processing, information retrieval, knowledge representation, intelligent agents, and databases.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xi
Tim Berners-Lee
The Original Dream	xii
Re-enter Machines	xiv
Where Are We Now?	xiv
The World Wide Web Consortium	xv
Where Is the Web Going Next?	xvi
Introduction	1	(28)
Dieter Fensel
James Hendler
Henry Lieberman
Wolfgang Wahlster
Why Is There a Need for the Semantic Web and What Will It Provide?	3	(5)
How the Semantic Web Will Be Possible	8	(21)
I Languages and Ontologies
Shoe: A Blueprint for the Semantic Web	29	(36)
Jeff Heflin
James Hendler
Sean Luke
Introduction	29	(2)
Background	31	(5)
The Shoe Language	36	(15)
Implementation	51	(6)
Related Work	57	(1)
Conclusion	58	(7)
DAML-ONT: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web	65	(30)
Deborah L. McGuinness
Richard Fikes
Lynn Andrea Stein
James Hendler
Introduction	65	(3)
An Introduction through Examples	68	(9)
Notes	77	(1)
Language Extensions	78	(1)
An Axiomatic Semantics of DAML-ONT	79	(11)
Conclusion	90	(5)
Ontologies and Schema Languages on the Web	95	(46)
Michel Klein
Jeen Broekstra
Dieter Fensel
Frank van Harmelen
Ian Horrocks
Introduction	95	(1)
Ontologies and Schemas	96	(2)
The Ontology Language Oil	98	(5)
XML Schema	103	(11)
RDF Schema	114	(7)
Applying Ontologies to Online Resources	121	(14)
Conclusion	135	(6)
UPML: The Language and Tool Support for Making the Semantic Web Alive	141	(30)
Borys Omelayenko
Monica Crubezy
Dieter Fensel
Richard Benjamins
Bob Wielinga
Enrico Motta
Mark Musen
Ying Ding
Introduction	141	(3)
Brokering Reasoning Components on the Web	144	(2)
UPML: The Language for Knowledge Component Markup	146	(11)
An Editor for UPML Specifications Based on Protege-2000	157	(6)
Conclusion	163	(8)
Ontologies Come of Age	171	(26)
Deborah L. McGuinness
Introduction: The Web's Growing Needs	171	(2)
Ontologies	173	(5)
Simple Ontologies and Their Uses	178	(3)
Structured Ontologies and Their Uses	181	(4)
Ontology Acquisition	185	(1)
Ontology-Related Implications and Needs	186	(5)
Conclusion	191	(6)
II Knowledge Support
Sesame: An Architecture for Storing and Querying RDF Data and Schema Information	197	(26)
Jeen Broekstra
Arjohn Kampman
Frank van Harmelen
Introduction	197	(1)
RDF and RDF Schema	198	(3)
The Need for an RDF/S Query Language	201	(4)
Sesame's Architecture	205	(7)
Sesame's Functional Modules	212	(3)
Experiences	215	(4)
Future Directions	219	(1)
Conclusion	220	(3)
Enabling Task-Centered Knowledge Support through Semantic Markup	223	(30)
Rob Jasper
Mike Uschold
The Evolving Web	223	(3)
Web Problem Solving	226	(4)
The Domain	230	(3)
Enabling Infrastructure	233	(11)
Worked Example	244	(6)
Conclusion	250	(3)
Knowledge Mobility: Semantics for the Web as a White Knight for Knowledge-Based Systems	253	(26)
Yolanda Gil
Introduction	253	(1)
The Need for Knowledge Mobility	254	(14)
A New Generation of Knowledge Bases: Resilient Hyper--Knowledge Bases	268	(4)
Trellis: Building Resilient Hyper--Knowledge Bases	272	(4)
Conclusion	276	(3)
Complex Relationships for the Semantic Web	279	(38)
Sanjeev Thacker
Amit Sheth
Shuchi Patel
Introduction	279	(3)
Knowledge Modeling	282	(14)
Information Scapes	296	(2)
Knowledge Discovery	298	(4)
Visual Interfaces	302	(8)
Related Work	310	(2)
Conclusion	312	(5)
SEmantic portAL: The SEAL Approach	317	(46)
Alexander Maedche
Steffen Staab
Nenad Stojanovic
Rudi Studer
York Sure
Introduction	317	(1)
Ontologies and Knowledge Bases	318	(7)
Ontology Engineering	325	(7)
Seal Infrastructure and Core Modules	332	(6)
Semantic Ranking	338	(6)
Semantic Personalization	344	(3)
RDF Outside: From a Semantic Web Site to the Semantic Web	347	(3)
Related Work	350	(4)
Conclusion	354	(9)
III Dynamic Aspect
Semantic Gadgets: Ubiquitous Computing Meets the Semantic Web	363	(14)
Ora Lassila
Mark Adler
Introduction	363	(1)
About Representation	364	(1)
Scenario: Semantic Gadget in a Museum	365	(3)
Semantic Discovery	368	(1)
Contracting for the Use of Services	369	(1)
Composition of Services	370	(1)
Museum Scenario Revisited: an Analysis	371	(3)
Conclusion	374	(3)
Static and Dynamic Semantics of the Web	377	(26)
Christopher Fry
Mike Plusch
Henry Lieberman
Introduction	377	(1)
Static Semantics	378	(2)
Dynamic Semantics	380	(1)
Sources of Dynamic Semantics	381	(1)
Web Agents Make Use of Dynamic Semantics	382	(2)
Information Retrieval and Theorem-Proving Perspectives	384	(3)
The Semantic Web Should Not Sit on the Tower of Babel	387	(2)
We Need Another Language like a Hole in the Head	389	(1)
Is Procedural Attachment Rope to Hang Yourself?	390	(1)
Glue Provides a Smooth Path from Text to Code	391	(1)
Glue's Distinguishing Features	392	(3)
A Glue Example	395	(2)
Comparison of Glue with Java	397	(2)
Comparison of Glue with Javascript	399	(1)
Conclusion	400	(3)
Semantic Annotation for Web Content Adaptation	403	(28)
Masahiro Hori
Introduction	403	(2)
External Annotation Framework	405	(3)
Annotation-Based Transcoding System	408	(3)
HTML Page Splitting for Small-Screen Devices	411	(10)
Discussion	421	(4)
Conclusion	425	(6)
Task-Achieving Agents on the World Wide Web	431	(28)
Austin Tate
Jeff Dalton
John Levine
Alex Nixon
Introduction and Motivation	431	(1)
Standards for Representing Activities	432	(6)
Web-Based Applications	438	(3)
Application 1: O-Plan on the Web	441	(7)
Application 2: ACP3	448	(1)
Application 3: WOPlan	449	(6)
Conclusion	455	(4)
Contributors	459	(6)
Index	465