Statistics for the Terrified

by Kranzler, John H., Ph.D.

• ISBN13: 9780205004065
• ISBN10: 0205004067
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-12-21
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

User-friendly and engaging#xA0;introduction to elementary statistics.#xA0; #xA0; Written in a personal and informal style, this book helps readers make the leap from apprehension to comprehension of elementary statistics.#xA0; Statistics For The Terrified, 5 e#xA0; is intended as a supplemental text for #xA0;undergraduate or graduate courses in statistics and research methods, as a refresher for students who have already taken a statistics course, or as a primer for new students of elementary statistics. #xA0; Millions of people have math anxiety- yet this is rarely taken into consideration in textbooks on statistics.#xA0; This book presents self-help strategies that help people manage their math anxiety so they can relax and build confidence while learning statistics.#xA0;#xA0; After covering the essentials required for the journey into statistics, the remainder of the book presents an introduction to elementary statistics with a great deal of encouragement, support, step-by-step assistance, and numerous concrete examples, without lengthy theoretical discussions.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. viii
Essentials for Statistics	p. 1
Effective Strategies for Studying Statistics	p. 2
Effective Strategies for Studying Statistics	p. 4
Overcoming Math Anxiety	p. 7
How to Deal with Math Anxiety	p. 12
Basic Math Review	p. 15
Positive and Negative Numbers	p. 17
Fractions	p. 18
Decimals and Percents	p. 21
Exponents and Roots	p. 21
Order of Computation	p. 22
Summation	p. 24
Answers to Example Problems	p. 26
Describing Univariate Data	p. 29
Frequency Distributions	p. 30
Variables	p. 31
Scales of Measurement	p. 31
Frequency Distributions	p. 33
Graphing Data	p. 37
The Normal Curve	p. 39
Problems	p. 40
Answers to Problems	p. 41
Descriptive Statistics	p. 42
Measures of Central Tendency	p. 43
Selecting a Measure of Central Tendency	p. 45
Measures of Variability	p. 48
Problems	p. 55
Answers to Problems	p. 55
The Normal Curve	p. 56
What Is the Normal Curve?	p. 57
Proportions of Scores Under the Normal Curve	p. 58
Problems	p. 61
Answers to Problems	p. 61
Percentiles and Standard Scores	p. 62
Percentiles	p. 64
Standard Scores	p. 65
Other Standard Scores	p. 67
Converting Standard Scores to Percentiles	p. 69
A Word of Caution	p. 75
Problems	p. 76
Answers to Problems	p. 76
Correlation Coefficients and Linear Regression	p. 79
Correlation Coefficients	p. 80
Correlation Coefficients	p. 81
Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient	p. 82
Interpreting Correlation Coefficients	p. 86
Other Methods of Correlation	p. 88
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient	p. 88
Problems	p. 89
Answers to Problems	p. 89
Linear Regression	p. 90
Regression Equations	p. 91
Standard Error of the Estimate	p. 94
Problems	p. 96
Answers to Problems	p. 96
Inferential Statistics	p. 97
Introduction to Inferential Statistics	p. 98
The Sampling Experiment	p. 100
Sample Values (Statistics) and Population Values (Parameters)	p. 102
The Null Hypothesis	p. 105
Type I and Type II Errors	p. 107
Statistical Significance and Type I Error	p. 108
Problems	p. 110
Answers to Problems	p. 110
The t Test	p. 112
The t Test for Independent Samples	p. 113
Formulas for the t Test for Independent Samples	p. 114
The Critical Value of t: tcrit	p. 116
Requirements for Using the f Test for Independent Samples	p. 118
The t Test for Dependent (Matched) Samples	p. 119
Directional Versus Nondirectional Tests	p. 122
Problems	p. 123
Answers to Problems	p. 124
Analysis of Variance (Anova)	p. 125
Computation Steps	p. 130
Strength of Association	p. 132
Post hoc Analyses	p. 133
The Scheffé Method of Post hoc Analysis	p. 133
Problems	p. 135
Answers to Problems	p. 136
Additional Topics: Nonparametric Statistics and Using Statistical Software Programs	p. 137
Nonparametric Statistics: Chi-Square	p. 138
One-Way Test of Chi-Square	p. 139
Yates' Correction for Continuity	p. 141
A Bit More	p. 142
Problems	p. 142
Answers to Problems	p. 143
How to Use SPSS	p. 144
Starting SPSS	p. 145
Basic Steps in Data Analysis	p. 148
Finding Help in SPSS	p. 156
Postscript	p. 157
Appendices
Proportions of Area Under the Normal Curve	p. 161
Table of Random Numbers	p. 165
Critical Values of t	p. 170
Critical Values of F	p. 172
Critical Values of Chi-Squared	p. 176
Glossary of Formulas	p. 178
Index	p. 182
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