Subsea Pipeline Engineering

by Palmer, Andrew C.; King, Roger A.

• ISBN13: 9781593701338
• ISBN10: 1593701330
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-07-29
• Publisher: Pennwell Corp

Summary

Subsea Pipeline Engineering was the first of its kind, written by two of the world's most respected authorities in subsea pipeline engineering. In the second edition, these industry veterans have updated their definitive reference book, covering the entire spectrum of subjects in the discipline, from route selection and planning to design, construction, installation, materials and corrosion, inspection, welding, repair, risk assessment, and applicable design codes and standards. Particular attention is also devoted to the important specialized subjects of hydraulics, strength, stability, fracture, upheaval, lateral buckling and decommissioning. The book is distilled from the authors' vast experience in industry and their world-renowned course on Marine Pipeline Engineering.

Author Biography

Professor Andrew Palmer is the Keppel Professor in the Center for Offshore Research and Engineering in the National University of Singapore

Table of Contents

List of Figures	p. xiii
List of Tables	p. xix
Acknowledgments	p. xxiii
Preface	p. xxv
Introduction	p. 1
Motivation	p. 1
How This Book Is Organized	p. 4
Historical Background	p. 6
Route Selection	p. 11
Introduction	p. 11
Physical Factors	p. 13
Interactions with Other Users of the Seabed	p. 16
Environmental and Political Factors	p. 18
Case Studies	p. 20
Carbon-Manganese Steels	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Purchasing Pipe	p. 28
Material Properties	p. 33
Pipe Production	p. 55
Pipe Fabrication	p. 67
Pipe Variables	p. 76
Specification Checklist	p. 80
Increasing Corrosion Resistance	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
Methods of Improving Corrosion Resistance	p. 87
Available Corrosion-Resistant Alloys	p. 97
Manufacture of Corrosion-Resistant Alloy Pipe	p. 106
Welding of Internally Clad Pipe	p. 115
Evaluating Corrosion Resistance	p. 115
External Protection	p. 117
Cost Comparisons	p. 118
Welding	p. 121
Introduction	p. 121
Welding Processes	p. 122
Preparation for Welding Operations	p. 127
The Welding Sequence	p. 131
Manual, Semiautomatic, and Automatic Welding	p. 135
Weld Composition	p. 136
Weld-Strengthening Mechanisms	p. 137
Heat-Affected Zone	p. 138
Weld Imperfections	p. 140
Weldability of Pipe Steels	p. 145
Consumable Composition and Coating	p. 146
Welding of Duplex Stainless Steels	p. 147
Welding of Clad Pipe	p. 149
Weld Inspection	p. 150
Preferential Weld Corrosion	p. 154
Downstream Corrosion at Welds	p. 155
Incomplete Penetration	p. 155
Possible Future Welding Techniques	p. 156
Underwater Welding	p. 159
Welding In-Service Pipelines	p. 165
Weld Overlay	p. 166
Flexible and Composite Pipelines	p. 169
Introduction	p. 169
Fabrication	p. 171
Internal Corrosion	p. 181
Sour Service	p. 182
External Corrosion	p. 183
Failure Modes of Flexible Pipes	p. 184
Inspection of Flexible Pipe	p. 185
Composite Pipelines	p. 186
Internal Corrosion and Its Prevention	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
Corrosion Mechanisms	p. 192
Sweet Corrosion	p. 196
Corrosion in Oil Pipelines	p. 205
Effects of Flow on Corrosion in Oil Pipelines	p. 207
Solids in Oil Pipelines	p. 211
Corrosion in Gas Pipelines	p. 213
Effects of Flow in Gas Pipelines	p. 217
Sour Corrosion	p. 219
Water-Injection Pipelines	p. 233
Corrosion Inhibition	p. 235
Microbiological Corrosion	p. 238
External Corrosion, Coatings, Cathodic Protection, and Concrete	p. 247
External Corrosion	p. 247
External Coatings	p. 251
Cathodic Protection (CP)	p. 264
Concrete Weight Coatings	p. 293
Thermal Insulation	p. 298
Pipeline Hydraulics	p. 305
Introduction	p. 305
Single-Phase Flow of Newtonian Fluids	p. 306
Calculation Example	p. 315
Heat Transfer and Flow Temperature	p. 318
Hydrates	p. 320
Multiphase Flow	p. 322
Strength	p. 327
Introduction	p. 327
Design to Resist Internal Pressure	p. 328
Design to Resist External Pressure	p. 336
Longitudinal Stress	p. 342
Bending	p. 347
Indentation	p. 355
Impact	p. 357
Stability	p. 361
Introduction	p. 361
Design Currents	p. 362
Design Waves	p. 364
Hydrodynamic Forces	p. 370
Lateral Resistance	p. 380
Stability Design	p. 383
Interaction with Instability of the Seabed	p. 387
Marine Pipeline Construction	p. 393
Introduction	p. 393
Lay-Barge Construction	p. 394
Reel Construction	p. 407
Pull and Tow	p. 412
Trenching	p. 418
Shore Approaches	p. 427
Introduction	p. 427
The Coastal Environment	p. 428
Site Investigation	p. 431
Beach Crossings	p. 432
Horizontal Drilling	p. 438
Rocky Coasts	p. 440
Tunnels	p. 441
Tidal Flats	p. 442
Upheaval Buckling, Lateral Buckling, and Spans	p. 445
Introduction	p. 445
Upheaval Buckling	p. 446
Driving Force for Upheaval and Lateral Buckling	p. 448
Analysis of Upheaval Movements	p. 451
Measures that Can Be Taken to Prevent Buckling	p. 455
Corrective Action If Buckling Takes Place	p. 457
Lateral Buckling	p. 457
Span Formation	p. 460
Vortex-Induced Vibration	p. 461
Overstress	p. 467
Hooking	p. 469
Span Correction	p. 471
Internal Inspection and Corrosion Monitoring	p. 477
Introduction	p. 477
Access	p. 480
Inspection Techniques	p. 482
Pigs	p. 486
Corrosion Monitoring: Intrusive Techniques	p. 491
Corrosion Monitoring: Nonintrusive Techniques	p. 501
Fluid Sampling	p. 504
Risks, Accidents, and Repair	p. 507
Introduction	p. 507
Failure Incidents	p. 508
Reliability Theory	p. 516
Minimizing Risk: Integrity Management	p. 521
Repair	p. 522
Decommissioning	p. 525
Introduction	p. 525
Legal and Political Background	p. 526
Alternatives	p. 527
Future Development	p. 533
Introduction	p. 533
Design	p. 534
Materials	p. 535
Connections	p. 537
Construction	p. 541
Maintenance and Repair	p. 542
Glossary	p. 545
Codes and Standards	p. 571
Units	p. 583
Index	p. 589
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