Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World

by Satzinger, John W.; Jackson, Robert B.; Burd, Stephen D.

• ISBN13: 9780760058794
• ISBN10: 0760058792
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-03-01
• Publisher: Course Technology Ptr

Summary

Provides the most comprehensive, balanced and up-to-date coverage of systems analysis and design. Maintains a dual focus on the traditional, structured and object-oriented (OO) approaches, and features an increased emphasis on project management.

Table of Contents

PART 1 The Modern Systems Analyst
The World of the Modern Systems Analyst	2	(26)
A Systems Analyst at Rutherford Manufacturing	3	(1)
The Analyst as a Business Problem Solver	4	(2)
Systems That Solve Business Problems	6	(4)
Information Systems	6	(2)
Types of Information Systems	8	(2)
Required Skills of the Systems Analyst	10	(2)
Technical Knowledge and Skills	10	(1)
Business Knowledge and Skills	11	(1)
People Knowledge and Skills	11	(1)
A Few Words about Integrity and Ethics	12	(1)
The Environment Surrounding the Analyst	12	(2)
Types of Technology Encountered	12	(1)
Typical Job Titles and Places of Employment	13	(1)
The Analyst's Role in Strategic Planning	14	(2)
Special Projects	14	(1)
Strategic Planning Processes	14	(1)
Information Systems Strategic Planning	14	(1)
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)	15	(1)
Strategic Systems Plan for Rocky Mountain Outfitters	16	(6)
Overview of Rocky Mountain Outfitters	16	(1)
Organization and Locations	17	(1)
Information Systems Department Organization	18	(1)
Existing Systems	19	(1)
The Information Systems Strategic Plan	20	(1)
Two Major New Systems	21	(1)
The Analyst as a System Developer (The Heart of the Course)	22	(3)
The Modern Systems Analyst	22	(1)
Systems Analysis Tasks	23	(1)
System Design Tasks	24	(1)
System Implementation and Support	24	(1)
Summary	25	(1)
Key Terms	25	(1)
Review Questions	25	(1)
Thinking Critically	26	(1)
Experiential Exercises	26	(1)
Case Study	27	(1)
Association for Information Technology Professionals Meeting	27	(1)
Further Resources	27	(1)
The Analyst as a Project Manager	28	(34)
Blue Sky Family of Mutual Funds: Managing the IRA Project	29	(1)
Systems Development Projects and the SDLC	30	(8)
The Systems Development Life Cycle	30	(1)
The First Four Phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle	31	(4)
Scheduling of Project Phases	35	(1)
The Project Team	36	(2)
Project Management	38	(2)
Planning and Organizing	39	(1)
Directing--Executing, Monitoring, and Controlling	39	(1)
Project Initiation	40	(1)
Project Initiation for Rocky Mountain Outfitters	41	(1)
The Project Planning Phase	41	(16)
Defining the Problem	42	(3)
Confirming Project Feasibility	45	(7)
Developing the Project Schedule	52	(4)
Staffing the Project	56	(1)
Launching the Project	57	(1)
Summary	57	(1)
Key Terms	57	(1)
Review Questions	58	(1)
Thinking Critically	58	(1)
Experiential Exercises	59	(1)
Case Study	60	(1)
Custom Load Trucking	60	(1)
Further Resources	60	(2)
Approaches to System Development	62	(34)
Development Approaches at Ajax Corporation, Consolidated Concepts, and Pinnacle Manufacturing	63	(1)
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques	64	(3)
Methodologies	64	(1)
Models	64	(1)
Tools	65	(1)
Techniques	66	(1)
Three Approaches to System Development	67	(8)
The Structured Approach	67	(5)
The Information Engineering Approach	72	(1)
The Object-Oriented Approach	73	(2)
System Development Life Cycle Variations	75	(5)
Variations of the Phases (Waterfall Models)	76	(1)
Variations Based on Iteration	77	(1)
Variations Based on an Emphasis on People	78	(1)
Variations Based on Speed of Development	79	(1)
Computer-Aided System Engineering (CASE) Tools	80	(3)
Analysis and Design Phases in More Detail	83	(7)
The Analysis Phase	83	(4)
The Design Phase	87	(3)
Summary	90	(1)
Key Terms	91	(1)
Review Questions	91	(1)
Thinking Critically	91	(1)
Experiential Exercises	92	(1)
Case Study	92	(1)
Factory System Development Project	92	(1)
Further Resources	93	(3)
PART 2 Systems Analysis Tasks
Investigating System Requirements	96	(30)
Providing Customer Service--and Gasoline--at Convenience America	97	(1)
Functional and Technical Requirements	98	(1)
Stakeholders--the Source of System Requirements	99	(5)
User Stakeholders	100	(1)
Client Stakeholders	101	(1)
Technical Stakeholders	102	(1)
The Stakeholders for Rocky Mountain Outfitters	102	(2)
Identifying System Requirements	104	(12)
Distribute and Collect Questionnaires	106	(1)
Review Existing Reports, Forms, and Procedure Descriptions	107	(1)
Conduct Interviews and Discussions with Users	108	(4)
Observe Business Processes and Workflows	112	(1)
Building Prototypes	113	(1)
Conduct Joint Application Design Sessions	113	(3)
Structured Walkthroughs	116	(3)
What and When	117	(1)
Who	117	(1)
How	118	(1)
Business Process Reengineering	119	(1)
Summary	120	(1)
Key Terms	121	(1)
Review Questions	122	(1)
Thinking Critically	122	(1)
Experiential Exercises	122	(1)
Case Study	123	(1)
John and Jacob, Inc. On-Line Trading System	123	(1)
Further Resources	124	(2)
Modeling System Requirements: Events and Things	126	(42)
Waiters on Wheels: Computerized Delivery Tracking	127	(1)
Models and Modeling	128	(5)
The Purpose of Models	128	(2)
Types of Models	130	(2)
Overview of Models used in Analysis and Design	132	(1)
Events and System Requirements	133	(9)
The Background of the Event Concept	134	(1)
Types of Events	135	(1)
Identifying Events	136	(3)
Events in the Rocky Mountain Outfitters Case	139	(1)
Looking at Each Event	140	(2)
Things and System Requirements	142	(4)
Types of Things	143	(1)
Relationships among Things	144	(1)
Attributes of Things	145	(1)
Data Entities and Objects	146	(1)
The Entity-Relationship Diagram	147	(11)
Examples of ERD Notation	147	(4)
The Rocky Mountain Outfitters Case ERD	151	(2)
The Class Diagram	153	(1)
More Complex Issues about Classes of Objects	153	(1)
Examples of Class Diagram Notation	154	(3)
The Rocky Mountain Outfitters Case Class Diagram	157	(1)
Where You Are Headed	158	(2)
Summary	160	(1)
Key Terms	161	(1)
Review Questions	161	(1)
Thinking Critically	162	(1)
Experiential Exercises	163	(1)
Case Studies	164	(2)
The Spring Breaks `R' Us Travel Service Booking System	164	(1)
The Real Estate Multiple Listing Service System	164	(1)
The State Patrol Ticket Processing System	165	(1)
Further Resources	166	(2)
The Traditional Approach to Requirements	168	(48)
Performance Auto Electric: Following the Data Flow	169	(1)
Traditional and Object-Oriented Views of Activities	170	(1)
Data Flow Diagrams	170	(20)
Data Flow Diagrams and Levels of Abstraction	172	(1)
Context Diagrams	173	(1)
DFD Fragments	174	(1)
The Event-Partitioned System Model	175	(7)
Decomposing Processes to See Detail of One Activity	182	(2)
Physical and Logical DFDs	184	(2)
Evaluating DFD Quality	186	(4)
Documenting DFD Components	190	(8)
Process Descriptions	190	(5)
Data Flow Definitions	195	(1)
Data Element Definitions	196	(1)
Data Store Definitions	197	(1)
DFD Summary	197	(1)
Information Engineering Models	198	(6)
The IE System Development Life Cycle	198	(1)
IE and Structured Development Compared	199	(1)
Process Decomposition and Dependency Models	200	(4)
Considering Locations and Communication through Networks	204	(4)
Workflow Modeling	208	(3)
Summary	211	(1)
Key Terms	211	(1)
Review Questions	212	(1)
Thinking Critically	212	(1)
Experiential Exercises	213	(1)
Case Studies	213	(2)
The Real Estate Multiple Listing Service System	213	(1)
The State Patrol Ticket Processing System	213	(1)
The Reliable Pharmaceutical Service	213	(2)
Further Resources	215	(1)
The Object-Oriented Approach to Requirements	216	(42)
Northwoods Kayaks: Identifying the Methods within the Objects	217	(1)
The Unified Modeling Language and the Object Management Group	218	(1)
Object-Oriented Requirements	218	(2)
The Class Diagram	220	(1)
The System Activities: An Object-Oriented Use Case/Scenario View	221	(6)
Use Cases and Actors	221	(1)
Scenarios	221	(2)
The Use Case Diagram	223	(4)
Object Interactions: Collaboration and Sequence Diagrams	227	(11)
Sequence Diagrams	228	(8)
Collaboration Diagrams	236	(2)
Object Behavior: States, State Transitions, and Statechart Diagrams	238	(14)
Object States	239	(2)
Object Transitions	241	(2)
Messages, Transitions, and Actions	243	(1)
Statechart Diagrams	244	(3)
Concurrent Behavior	247	(3)
Statechart Development	250	(2)
Summary	252	(1)
Key Terms	253	(1)
Review Questions	253	(1)
Thinking Critically	254	(2)
Experiential Exercies	256	(1)
Case Studies	256	(1)
The Real Estate Multiple Listing Service System	256	(1)
The State Patrol Ticket Processing System	256	(1)
The DownTown Videos Rental System	257	(1)
Further Resources	257	(1)
Environments, Alternatives, and Decisions	258	(40)
Tropic Fish Tales: Netting the Right System	259	(1)
Assessing the Target Processing Environment	260	(13)
Centralized Systems	261	(2)
Distributed Computing	263	(3)
The Internet and Intranets	266	(3)
Development and System Software Environments	269	(1)
The Environment at Rocky Mountain Outfitters	270	(3)
Deciding on Scope and Level of Automation	273	(9)
Determining Scope	273	(2)
Defining the Level of Automation	275	(3)
Selecting Alternatives	278	(4)
Generating Alternatives for Implementation	282	(3)
Facilities Management	283	(1)
Packaged and Turnkey Software Systems	283	(1)
Custom Software Development	284	(1)
In-House Development	285	(1)
Choosing an Alternative for Implementation	285	(5)
Identifying Criteria for Selection	286	(3)
Making the Selection	289	(1)
Considering Outsourced Solutions	290	(2)
Generating a Request for Proposal	290	(1)
Benchmarking and Choosing a Vendor	291	(1)
Presenting the Results and Making the Decisions	292	(1)
Summary	293	(1)
Key Terms	293	(1)
Review Questions	294	(1)
Thinking Critically	294	(1)
Experiential Exercises	295	(1)
Case Study	296	(1)
Tropic Fish Tales' RFPs	296	(1)
Further Resources	296	(2)
PART 3 System Design Tasks
Moving to Design	298	(56)
New Capital Bank: Object-Oriented Development of a Payroll System	299	(1)
Understanding the Elements of Design	300	(5)
Inputs: Moving from Analysis to Design	300	(1)
Major Components and Levels of Design	300	(3)
Outputs: Structured Models and Object-Oriented Models	303	(2)
Designing the Application Architecture: The Structured Approach	305	(20)
The Automation System Boundary	306	(2)
The System Flow Chart	308	(3)
The Structure Chart	311	(12)
Module Algorithm Design: Pseudocode	323	(2)
Integration of the Structured Application Design with User-Interface Design, Database Design, and Network Design	325	(1)
Designing the Application Architecture: The Object-Oriented Approach	325	(16)
Object-Oriented Programs	326	(3)
Object-Oriented Models	329	(1)
Package Diagrams	329	(2)
Design Class Diagrams	331	(4)
Design Class Diagram Development	335	(4)
Method Development and Pseudocode	339	(1)
Inheritance, Overriding, and Polymorphism	340	(1)
Integrating the Object-oriented Application Design with User Interface Design, Database Design, and Network Design	340	(1)
Coordinating the Project	341	(3)
Coordinating Project Teams	342	(1)
Coordinating Information	342	(2)
Summary	344	(1)
Key Terms	344	(1)
Review Questions	344	(1)
Thinking Critically	345	(6)
Experiential Exercises	351	(1)
Case Studies	351	(1)
The Real Estate Multiple Listing Service System (Structured)	351	(1)
The Reliable Pharmaceutical Service System	351	(1)
The Real Estate Multiple Listing Service System (Object-Oriented)	351	(1)
The DownTown Video Rental System	351	(1)
Further Resources	352	(2)
Designing Databases	354	(44)
Nationwide Books: Designing a New Database	355	(1)
Databases and Database Management Systems	356	(2)
Database Models	357	(1)
Relational Databases	358	(14)
Designing Relational Databases	360	(1)
Representing Entities	361	(2)
Representing Relationships	363	(2)
Enforcing Referential Integrity	365	(1)
Evaluating Schema Quality	365	(7)
Object-Oriented Databases	372	(6)
Designing Object Databases	372	(1)
Representing Classes	372	(1)
Representing Relationships	373	(5)
Hybrid Object-Relational Database Design	378	(4)
Classes and Attributes	379	(2)
Relationships	381	(1)
Data Types	382	(2)
Relational DBMS Data Types	383	(1)
Object DBMS Data Types	383	(1)
Distributed Databases	384	(9)
Distributed Database Architectures	385	(5)
The RMO Distributed Database Architecture	390	(3)
Summary	393	(1)
Key Terms	393	(1)
Review Questions	394	(1)
Thinking Critically	395	(1)
Experiential Exercises	395	(1)
Case Studies	396	(1)
The Real Estate Multiple Listing Service System	396	(1)
The State Patrol Ticket Processing System	396	(1)
The Reliable Pharmaceutical Service	396	(1)
Further Resources	396	(2)
Designing Inputs, Outputs, and Controls	398	(34)
Customized Cars Clearinghouse: Moving into Electronic Commerce	399	(1)
Integrity Controls	400	(6)
Objectives of Integrity Controls	400	(1)
System Access Controls	401	(3)
Input Integrity Controls	404	(1)
Output Integrity Controls	405	(1)
Design of System Inputs	406	(12)
Identifying Devices and Mechanisms	407	(2)
Developing the List of Inputs and Data Requirements of Each	409	(8)
Designing and Prototyping Input Forms	417	(1)
Design of System Outputs	418	(9)
Determining the Type of Output	419	(5)
Making a List of Specific Reports Based on the Application Design	424	(2)
Designing and Prototyping Reports	426	(1)
Summary	427	(1)
Key Terms	427	(1)
Review Questions	428	(1)
Thinking Critically	428	(1)
Experiential Exercises	429	(1)
Case Study	429	(2)
All-Shop Superstores	429	(2)
Further Resources	431	(1)
Human-Computer Interaction	432	(44)
Interface Design at Aviation Electronics	433	(1)
The User Interface	434	(10)
Physical Aspects of the User Interface	434	(1)
Perceptual Aspects of the User Interface	435	(1)
Conceptual Aspects of the User Interface	435	(1)
User-Centered Design	435	(1)
Human-Computer Interaction as a Field of Study	436	(2)
Metaphors for Human-Computer Interaction	438	(6)
Interface Design Guidelines	444	(4)
Visibility and Affordance	444	(1)
Eight Golden Rules	444	(4)
Documenting Dialog Designs	448	(7)
Events, Subsystems, and Menu Hierarchy	448	(1)
Dialogs and Storyboards	449	(3)
Dialog Documentation with UML Diagrams	452	(3)
Guidelines for Designing Windows Forms	455	(4)
Form Layout and Formatting	456	(2)
Data Keying and Entry for Standard Windows	458	(1)
Navigation and Support Controls	459	(1)
Data Keying and Entry for the Browser Interface	459	(1)
Help Support	459	(1)
Dialog Design for Rocky Mountain Outfitters	459	(7)
Dialog Design for Web Sites	466	(2)
Summary	468	(1)
Key Terms	469	(1)
Review Questions	469	(1)
Thinking Critically	470	(1)
Experiential Exercises	470	(1)
Case Studies	471	(2)
The 21st Century University System	471	(1)
The DownTown Videos Rental System	472	(1)
The Waiters on Wheels System	472	(1)
The State Patrol Ticket Processing System	473	(1)
Another Alternative for Rocky Mountain Outfitters	473	(1)
Further Resources	473	(3)
PART 4 Implementation and Support
Rapid Application Development and Component Based Development	476	(40)
CDs Direct 2U: Speeding Development of a Customer Support System	477	(1)
Rapid Application Development	478	(2)
Reasons for Slow Development	478	(2)
What Is RAD?	480	(1)
Rapid Development Approaches	480	(10)
The Prototyping Approach to Development	482	(5)
The Spiral Approach to Development	487	(3)
Rapid Development Techniques	490	(8)
Risk Management	490	(4)
Joint Application Design	494	(1)
Tool-Based Development	495	(2)
Software Reuse	497	(1)
Object Frameworks	498	(5)
A Sample Object Framework	498	(2)
Object Framework Types	500	(1)
The Impact of Object Frameworks on Design and Implementation Tasks	501	(1)
Pitfalls to Consider for Object Frameworks	502	(1)
Components	503	(6)
Component Standards and Infrastructure	504	(2)
Components and the Development Life Cycle	506	(3)
Summary	509	(1)
Key Terms	509	(1)
Review Questions	510	(1)
Thinking Critically	510	(2)
Experiential Exercises	512	(1)
Case Study	512	(3)
Further Resources	515	(1)
Packaged Software and Enterprise Resource Planning	516	(32)
Pizza Amore: Revamping Systems to Manage More Information	517	(2)
Packaged Software	519	(4)
The Trend toward Packaged Software	520	(1)
Implementation and Support of Packaged Software	520	(3)
Enterprise Resource Planning	523	(14)
What is ERP?	523	(3)
Why Consider ERP?	526	(2)
Implementing ERP	528	(3)
An ERP System Development Methodology	531	(2)
Special Topics on ERP Development	533	(3)
The Future of ERP	536	(1)
A Closer Look at One ERP Package: SAP R/3	537	(7)
What Is SAP?	537	(3)
Implementing SAP R/3	540	(1)
Using SAP R/3	541	(3)
Summary	544	(1)
Key Terms	544	(1)
Review Questions	545	(1)
Thinking Critically	545	(1)
Experiential Exercises	545	(1)
Case Study	546	(1)
Rayco Products Corporation	546	(1)
Further Resources	547	(1)
Making the System Operational (Implementation, Conversion and Support)	548	(71)
Tri-State Heating Oil: Juggling Priorities to Begin Operation	549	(1)
Program Development	550	(12)
Order of Implementation	551	(5)
Framework Development	556	(1)
Team-Based Program Development	556	(2)
Source Code Control	558	(1)
Versioning	559	(3)
Quality Assurance	562	(8)
Technical Reviews	563	(1)
Testing	564	(6)
Installation	570	(5)
Direct Installation	571	(1)
Parallel Installation	571	(2)
Phased Installation	573	(1)
Personnel Issues	574	(1)
Documentation	575	(4)
System Documentation	575	(2)
User Documentation	577	(2)
Training and User Support	579	(3)
Ongoing Training and User Support	581	(1)
Maintenance	582	(4)
Submitting Change Requests and Error Reports	582	(2)
Implementing a Change	584	(1)
Upgrading Computing Infrastructure	585	(1)
Summary	586	(1)
Key Terms	586	(1)
Review Questions	587	(1)
Thinking Critically	587	(1)
Experiential Exercises	588	(1)
Case Studies	588	(1)
The HudsonBanc Billing System Upgrade	588	(1)
The DownTown Videos Rental System	589	(1)
The Reliable Pharmaceutical Service System	589	(1)
Further Resources	589	(2)
APPENDICES
Appendix A The Responsibilities of a Project Manager	591	(7)
Providing Leadership and Vision	591	(1)
Planning and Organizing the Project	592	(1)
Organizing and Managing the Project Team	593	(1)
Estimating Costs and Developing the Project Budget	594	(1)
Monitoring and Controlling the Project Schedule	595	(1)
Ensuring the Quality of the Final Result	596	(1)
Key Terms	597	(1)
Review Questions	597	(1)
Application Questions	597	(1)
Appendix B Calculating Net Present Value, Payback Period, and Return on Investment	598	(5)
Net Present Value Calculations	598	(2)
Payback Period Calculations	600	(1)
Return on Investment	601	(1)
Key Terms	601	(1)
Review Questions	602	(1)
Thinking Critically	602	(1)
Appendix C Developing a Project Schedule with PERT/CPM Charts	603	(10)
Building PERT/CPM Charts	603	(7)
Creating the RMO Project Schedule with Microsoft Project	610	(1)
Building Gantt Charts	611	(1)
Key Terms	612	(1)
Review Questions	612	(1)
Thinking Critically	612	(1)
Appendix D Presenting the Results to Management	613	(6)
Preparing the Presentation	614	(1)
The Opening	614	(1)
The Agenda	614	(1)
The Body	614	(1)
The Closing	615	(1)
Giving the Presentation	615	(1)
Use of Visual Aids	616	(1)
Questions and Answers	617	(2)
Index	619