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Psychiatrists Allen Frances, Michael B. First, and Harold Alan Pincus contend that although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) has certain limitations, it represents a vast improvement over previously used systems and incorporates the most up-to-date knowledge available. Professor of social work Herb Kutchins and professor of social welfare Stuart A. Kirk assert that the American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic system, particularly the current edition, DSM-IV, is so flawed that its utility should be seriously questioned.
Forensic psychiatric consultant Terry A. Kupers asserts that several phenomena pertaining to gender and sexuality are pathologized in the diagnostic system of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). Ruth Ross, Allen Frances, and Thomas A. Widiger, coeditors of the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-IV Sourcebook, disagree with the notion of bias associated with gender and sexuality.
Psychiatrist Frank W. Putnam contends that the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder meets the standards for the three basic forms of validity: content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Psychiatrist Paul R. McHugh denies the validity of multiple personality disorder, asserting that this condition is a socially created behavioral disorder induced by psychotherapists.
Psychiatrist Edward M. Hallowell asserts that an appreciation for the complexity of attention deficit disorder (ADD) can provide valuable understanding about the workings of the brain and how this disorder affects the lives of millions of people. Educational consultant and former special education teacher Thomas Armstrong contends that the diagnosis of ADD has been blown out of proportion by the public and the professional community and is, in fact, a questionable diagnosis.
Science writers Robert Mathias and Patrick Zickler argue that MDMA has skyrocketed in popularity and that insufficient attention has been paid to the physical and psychological risks associated with its use. June Riedlinger, an assistant professor of clinical pharmacy, and Michael Montagne, a professor of pharmacy, contend that the risks associated with MDMA use have been exaggerated and that there are legitimate therapeutic uses for this substance.
Psychiatrist E. Joanne Angelo contends that women who have abortions are at risk of developing a lasting, serious syndrome consisting of several emotional and behavioral problems. Social activist Joyce Arthur asserts that a general consensus has been reached in the medical and scientific communities that most women who have abortions experience little or no psychological harm.
Psychiatrist Richard P. Kluft supports the notion that people can recover memories that have been long unavailable, and he cites several verified examples in which psychotherapy patients recalled previously inaccessible memories of traumatic events. Psychologist Elizabeth F. Loftus cites extensive laboratory research to support her conclusion that suggestion and imagination can create “memories” of events that never actually occurred.
Psychologist Patricia Owen asserts that abstinence is the safest and most honest treatment goal for most people who are dependent on alcohol. Health and medical writer Anne Fletcher contends that many people with alcohol problems can be successful in their efforts to control their drinking, particularly if they are given professional guidance and support.
Psychiatrist William S. Appleton asserts that Prozac and other drugs in the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can provide effective relief for depression as well as other mental health problems and concerns, with minimal side effects. Psychiatrist Joseph Glenmullen argues that Prozac and other drugs in the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are neither as effective nor as safe as pharmaceutical companies have led people to believe.
Psychiatrist E. Fuller Torrey, who for decades has been an outspoken advocate for the needs of the mentally ill and their families, contends that antipsychotic medications play a centrally important role in alleviating psychotic symptoms and reducing the likelihood of rehospitalization. Journalist and social critic Robert Whitaker asserts that antipsychotic medications make people chronically ill, cause serious side effects, and increase the likelihood of rehospitalizatoin; furthermore, reliance on these medical treatments for the mentally ill neglect important questions such as what it means to be human.
Physician Peter R. Breggin asserts that Ritalin and similar stimulants are dangerous addictive medications that should not be prescribed to children because they suppress growth, and lead to a number of worrisome physical and psychological symptoms. Psychologist and prominent ADHD researcher Russell A. Barkley objects to criticisms of Ritalin and similar stimulants, asserting that these medications serve as important parts of interventions and aimed at helping children increase their attention and concentration.
Psychiatrists Fred Ovsiew and Jonathan Bird assert that psychosurgery is an invaluable intervention for certain kinds of seriously disordered patients who have not responded to other forms of treatment, and they insist that failure to provide this intervention to those who need it would be ethically questionable. Neurosurgeon Frank T. Vertosick, Jr., argues that psychosurgical procedures rest on a shaky scientific foundation and involve procedures that cause irreversible injury to the brain.
Psychologist Robert Resnick endorses the recommendation that psychologists be given prescription privileges in order to expand psychopharmacological availability to people needing medication. Psychologist William Robiner and his colleagues object to the notion of granting prescription privileges to psychologists, and express several concerns pertaining to training and competence.
Physician Max Fink asserts that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective intervention whose use has been limited as a result of social stigma and philosophical bias, which have been reinforced by intimidation from the pharmaceutical and managed care industries. Leonard R. Frank, editor and cofounder of the Network Against Psychiatric Assault, criticizes the use of ECT because of its disturbing side effects, some of which he personally has suffered, and asserts that its resurgence in popularity is economically based.
Psychology and communication researchers L. Rowell Huesmann and Jessica Moise assert that there is a clear relationship between aggression and children’s viewing of media violence, and they point to several theoretical explanations for this connection. Psychology professor Jonathan L. Freedman disagrees with the conclusion of researchers that there is a relationship between aggression and children’s viewing of media violence, and he argues that many conclusions in this area are based on methodologically flawed studies.
Sociology professor Diana E. H. Russell considers pornography profoundly harmful because it predisposes men to want to rape women and undermines internal and social inhibitions against acting out rape fantasies. Law professor Nadine Strossen contends that there is no credible research to support the claim that sexist, violent imagery leads to harmful behavior against women.
Psychology professors Judith Wallerstein and Julia Lewis, and Sandra Blakeslee, a science and medicine correspondent for the New York Times, assert that children of divorced parents suffer emotional damage that impedes normal growth and functioning and permanently alters their lives. Professor of psychology E. Mavis Hetherington and writer John Kelly dismiss some of what they view as myths of the divorce culture, stating that divorce is not necessarily detrimental to all children but can, in fact, provide opportunities for growth for the children as well as the parents involved in the divorce.
Evolutionary biologist Randy Thornhill and evolutionary anthropologist Craig T. Palmer assert that the reasons why men rape are misunderstood. They contend that, rather than an act of gratuitous violence, rape can be understood as a biologically determined behavior in which socially disenfranchised men resort to this extreme act in order to gain access to women. Journalist Susan Brownmiller argues that rape is an exemplification of the male-female struggle in which men humiliate and degrade women in a blunt and ugly expression of physical power.
Rhea K. Farberman, director of public communications for the American Psychological Association, makes the case that mental health professionals should be called upon to assess terminally ill people who request hastened death in order to ensure that decision making is rational and free of coercion. Psychiatrists Mark D. Sullivan, Linda Ganzini, and Stuart J. Youngner argue that the reliance on mental health professionals to be suicide gatekeepers involves an inappropriate use of clinical procedures to disguise society’s ambivalence about suicide itself.
Psychologist Mark A. Yarhouse asserts that mental health professionals have an ethical responsibility to allow individuals to pursue treatment aimed at curbing same-sex attraction, stating that doing so affirms the client’s dignity and autonomy. Psychologist Douglas C. Haldeman criticizes therapy involving sexual reorientation, insisting that there is no evidence that such treatments are effective and that they run the risk of further stigmatizing homosexuality.
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