Teaching Children Science: A Discovery Approach

by Abruscato, Joseph

• ISBN13: 9780205284108
• ISBN10: 0205284108
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780205324873
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-09-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

This revision of a very successful science methods text includes coverage of methods, activities, and science content. Teaching Children Science presents current ideas about teaching children science in a motivating, engaging style that will positively draw students towards the teaching of science to young children.

There are nine basic science teaching methods chapters and three potentially free standing parts that focus respectively on how to teach Earth/Space, Life and Physical Science content. Each of these three parts has a lesson and unit plan, followed by chapters that provide science and chapters that contain activities and demonstrations for children. content Through its structure, writing style, and attention to contemporary issues, this volume serves as an important resource in teaching students to create science experiences within the context of discovery learning; thereby, providing students with the necessary skills and knowledge to fully comprehend that they will be teaching children science, not the other way around.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
Part I Strategies and Techniques
Science and Technology
What are science and technology? Why teach them?	1	(1)
You, Children, and Science: Some Hopes, Some Fears, Some Dreams	2	(1)
What Is Science?	2	(4)
Science as Processes That Lead to Discovery	3	(1)
Science as Knowledge	4	(1)
Science as a Set of Values	5	(1)
What Is Technology?	6	(1)
Why Teach Children about Science and Technology?	6	(4)
Child Development Goals	7	(2)
Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Goals: The National Science Education Standards and Project 2061	9	(1)
What Is Discovery Learning?	10	(2)
Real Teachers Talking: A Starting Point for Thinking, Talking, and Writing	11	(1)
The Scientist: Who Is She?	12	(4)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	13	(1)
Internet Resources: Websites for Science and Technology	14	(2)
Summary	16	(1)
Going Further	17	(1)
Notes	17	(1)
Suggested Readings	18	(1)
Learning Science	19	(18)
How can I use key ideas from learning theory to create a discovery-based classroom?
Are You Learning Now?	20	(1)
The Classic Learning Theories	20	(6)
The Behaviorists	20	(1)
The Cognitivists	21	(5)
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences	26	(4)
Gardner's Original Theory	26	(1)
Gardner's Addition: Naturalist Intelligence	27	(1)
Real Teachers Talking: A Starting Point for Thinking, Talking, and Writing	28	(2)
Constructivism	30	(1)
Naive Conceptions	30	(1)
Assimilating and Accommodating New Learnings	30	(1)
Learning Styles	31	(4)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	33	(1)
Internet Resources: Websites for Applying Learning Theory	34	(1)
Summary	35	(1)
Going Further	35	(1)
Notes	36	(1)
Suggested Readings	36	(1)
Science Process Skills	37	(16)
How can I use the science process skills as starting points for discovery-based units and lesson plans?
Discovery Learning	38	(1)
A Definition of Discovery Learning	38	(1)
A Learning Cycle for Discovery	38	(1)
The Science Process Skills: Individual Descriptions with Classroom Examples	39	(12)
The Basic Processes	40	(2)
Real Teachers Talking: A Starting Point for Thinking, Talking, and Writing	42	(2)
The Integrated Processes	44	(4)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	48	(1)
Internet Resources: Websites for the Science Process Skills	49	(2)
Summary	51	(1)
Going Further	51	(1)
Note	52	(1)
Suggested Readings	52	(1)
Planning and Managing	53	(20)
How can I plan and manage discovery-based units and lessons?
The Water Rat and the Sea Horse	54	(1)
The Scope of the Science Curriculum	55	(2)
Determining the Scope of Your Curriculum	55	(1)
The NSE Standards: Implications for Appropriate Scope	56	(1)
The Sequence of the Science Curriculum	57	(3)
Determining the Sequence of Your Curriculum	57	(3)
The NSE Standards: Implications for Appropriate Sequence	60	(1)
Unit Planning	60	(1)
What Makes a Good Unit Plan?	60	(1)
Will Unit Plans Work in Schools That Use Science Textbooks?	60	(1)
Lesson Planning	61	(5)
What Makes a Good Learning Objective?	61	(1)
What Makes a Good Discovery-Based Lesson Plan?	62	(1)
Sample Discovery-Based Lesson Plans	62	(4)
Classroom Organization and Management for Discovery Learning	66	(5)
Distributing Materials	66	(1)
Providing Work Space	66	(1)
Real Teachers Talking: A Starting Point for Thinking, Talking, and Writing	67	(1)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	68	(1)
Providing Clear Directions	69	(1)
Internet Resources: Websites for Planning and Managing	69	(2)
Summary	71	(1)
Going Further	71	(1)
Notes	72	(1)
Suggested Readings	72	(1)
Strategies for Discovery Learning	73	(16)
How can I use cooperative learning, special questioning, active listening, and other strategies to foster discovery learning?
The Problem with Talk	74	(1)
Cooperative Learning Strategies	74	(4)
Real Teachers Talking: A Starting Point for Thinking, Talking, and Writing	75	(1)
What Is a Cooperative Learning Group?	76	(1)
Finding a Focus for Your Groups	76	(1)
Three Steps to Successful Cooperative Learning Groups	77	(1)
Questioning Strategies	78	(3)
Improving the Questions You Ask	78	(2)
Using Wait-Time	80	(1)
Active Listening Strategies	81	(1)
Demonstrations	82	(1)
Science Textbooks	83	(4)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	85	(1)
Internet Resources: Websites for Discovery Learning	86	(1)
Summary	87	(1)
Going Further	87	(1)
Notes	88	(1)
Suggested Readings	88	(1)
Assessment for Understanding and Inquiry	89	(22)
How can I move toward using authentic assessment and the assessment recommendations of the NSE standards?
``What D'ja Git?''	90	(1)
Traditional Assessment, Authentic Assessment, and the NSE Standards Approach	90	(1)
Traditional Assessment Techniques	91	(6)
End-of-Chapter Homework	91	(1)
Quizzes	92	(1)
Test	93	(1)
Library Reports	94	(1)
Activity Write-Ups	95	(1)
Standardized Tests	96	(1)
Authentic Assessment Techniques	97	(5)
portfolios	97	(1)
Real Teachers Talking: A Starting Point for Thinking, Talking, and Writing	98	(1)
Anecdotal Records	99	(1)
Affective Development Checklists	100	(1)
Science Conferences with Children	101	(1)
Science Journals	101	(1)
Children's Self-Assessment	101	(1)
The NSE Standards Recommendations for Assessing Understanding and Inquiry	102	(7)
Assessing Students' Understanding	102	(3)
Assessing Students' Ability to Conduct Inquiry	105	(1)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	106	(1)
Internet Resources: Websites Related to Assessment	107	(2)
Summary	109	(1)
Going Further	109	(1)
Notes	110	(1)
Suggested Readings	110	(1)
Integrating Science	111	(18)
How can I integrate science with other subjects during the school day?
Making Connections	112	(1)
Science and the Language Arts	112	(4)
Three Integrating Techniques	112	(1)
Weaving It Together with Whole Language Instruction	113	(1)
Real Teachers Talking: A Starting Point for Thinking, Talking, and Writing	114	(1)
Extending the Basics: Vocabulary, Comprehension, and Writing	114	(2)
Science and Mathematics	116	(3)
Computational Skills	117	(1)
Data Collection and Expression	118	(1)
Logical Reasoning	119	(1)
Science and the Social Studies	119	(1)
Science and Art	120	(2)
Science and Music	122	(1)
Science and Health and Physical Education	123	(3)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	124	(1)
Internet Resources: Websites for Integrating Science and Other Subjects	124	(2)
Summary	126	(1)
Going Further	126	(1)
Notes	127	(1)
Suggested Readings	128	(1)
Science WebQuests	129	(18)
How can I plan and manage discovery-based projects for my plugged-in classroom?
A Strange Thing Happened on My Way to School One Day	130	(1)
What Is a Science WebQuest?	130	(6)
Relationship to the Process Skills	131	(3)
Relationship to the Discovery-Learning Cycle	134	(1)
Relationship to the NSE Standards, Project 2061, and Local Curriculum Guides	135	(1)
Alternative Strategies for Using Science Webquests in Your Classroom	135	(1)
How to Plan and Prepare a Science WebQuest	136	(8)
Planning Challenges That Fit Your Students	136	(4)
Planning Journeys That Fit Your Students	140	(1)
Assessing the Report	141	(1)
Real Teachers Talking: A Starting Point for Thinking, Talking, and Writing	142	(1)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	143	(1)
Internet Resources: Websites for Science WebQuests	143	(1)
Summary	144	(1)
Going Further	145	(1)
Notes	146	(1)
Suggested Readings	146	(1)
Adapting the Science Curriculum	147	(18)
How can I adapt the science curriculum for children from diverse cultural backgrounds, children with special needs, and children with special gifts and talents?
Treasuring the Fleeting Moments	148	(1)
Children from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds	148	(4)
Acquiring Supplementary Science materials for Non-English Speakers	148	(1)
Reinforcing Reading and Language Arts Skills	149	(1)
Organizing Peer Tutoring	150	(1)
Fostering Parent/Classroom Science Connections	150	(2)
Creating Discovery-Based Lessons with Multicultural Dimensions	152	(1)
Children with Special Needs	152	(7)
The Inclusion Illusion	152	(1)
Science Experiences for Children with Visual Impairments	152	(4)
Science Experiences for Children with Hearing Impairments	156	(1)
Real Teachers Talking: A Starting Point for Thinking, Talking, and Writing	157	(1)
Science Experiences for Children with Physical Impairments	158	(1)
Science Experiences for Children with Emotional Problems	158	(1)
Children with Special Gifts and Talents	159	(3)
Day-to-Day Enrichment Activities	160	(1)
Challenge Projects	160	(1)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	161	(1)
Internet Resources: Websites for Inclusive Classrooms	161	(1)
Summary	162	(1)
Going Further	163	(1)
Notes	164	(1)
Suggested Readings	164	(1)
Part II Earth/Space Sciences and Technology
Unit, Lesson, and Enrichment Starter Ideas: The Earth/Space Sciences and Technology	165	(24)
Kelly's Gift	166	(1)
Assessing Prior Knowledge and Conceptions	167	(3)
Internet Resources: Websites for Earth/Space Science Units, Lessons, Activities, and Demonstrations	168	(2)
Unit Plan Starter Ideas	170	(7)
Ideas Based on the NSE K-8 Content Standards	170	(3)
Ideas Based on Project 2061 Goals	173	(2)
Ideas Based on Typical Grade Level Content	175	(2)
Lesson Plan Starter Ideas for Common Curriculum Topics	177	(2)
Classroom Enrichment Starter Ideas	179	(7)
In-Class Learning Centers	179	(2)
Bulletin Boards	181	(1)
Field Trips for City Schools	182	(1)
Field Trips for All Schools	183	(2)
Cooperative Learning Projects	185	(1)
Science and Children and Science Scope: Resource Articles for Earth/Space Science Units, Lessons, Activities, and Demonstrations	186	(2)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	187	(1)
Notes	188	(1)
The Earth's Surface, Atmosphere, and Weather: Content	189	(20)
Spaceship Earth: What Is It Made Of?	190	(11)
The Earth beneath Your Feet	190	(1)
Gradual Changes in the Earth's Surface	190	(3)
Violent Changes in the Earth's Surface	193	(1)
The Earth's Land Surface	194	(5)
The Earth's Oceans	199	(2)
The Earth's Atmosphere and Weather	201	(6)
Water in the Atmosphere	202	(2)
Violent Weather	204	(2)
Tomorrow's Weather	206	(1)
Summary Outline	207	(1)
Notes	208	(1)
The Earth's Surface, Atmosphere, and Weather: Attention Getters, Discovery Activities, and Demonstrations	209	(18)
Attention Getters for Young Learners	210	(1)
How Are Rocks the Same and Different? [ESS 1]	210	(1)
What Is in Soil? [ESS 1]	210	(1)
How Does a Thermometer Change on Hot and Cold Days? [ESS 3]	211	(1)
Attention Getters for Middle-Level Learners
What Crushed the Can? [ESS 4]	211	(1)
What Pushed the Egg into the Bottle? [ESS 4]	212	(1)
Can We Make Fog [S&T 1]	213	(1)
Discovery Activities for Young Learners	213	(3)
How to Make a Fossil [S&T 1]	213	(2)
Weather or Not [ESS 3]	215	(1)
Discovery Activities for Middle-Level Learners	216	(5)
How Do Layers of Sediment Form? [ESS 4]	216	(1)
Quakes and Shakes: An Earthquake Watch [ESS 4]	217	(2)
How to Find the Dew Point [ESS 4]	219	(2)
Demonstrations for Young Learners	221	(2)
Indoor Rainmaking [ESS 3]	221	(1)
Whose Fault Is It? [ESS 3]	222	(1)
Demonstrations for Middle-Level Learners	223	(3)
You've Heard of Rock Musicians, but Have You Heard of Rock Magicians? [ESS 4]	223	(1)
How to Find the Relative Humidity [ESS 4]	224	(2)
Note	226	(1)
The Cosmos: Content	227	(20)
Are We Alone?	228	(1)
What Is the Universe and How Was It Formed?	228	(5)
Magnetars	229	(1)
Quasars, Pulsars, and Black Holes	230	(2)
Galaxies	232	(1)
Constellations	232	(1)
Our Solar System	233	(7)
Our Sun, a Star	233	(1)
The Moon	233	(1)
Planets	234	(5)
Meteors	239	(1)
Comets	239	(1)
Asteroids	239	(1)
Exploring Space: The First Steps	240	(4)
Space Probes	240	(1)
The Hubble Space Telescope	241	(1)
The Space Shuttle	242	(2)
Exploring Space: The Next Steps	244	(1)
VentureStar: The X-33	244	(1)
International Space Station Alpha: A Rest Stop on the Road to Mars?	244	(1)
Summary Outline	245	(1)
Notes	246	(1)
The Cosmos: Attention Getters, Discovery Activities, and Demonstrations	247	(22)
Attention Getters for Young Learners	248	(1)
Can You Move Like the Planets? [ESS 2]	248	(1)
Can You Move Like the Moon? [ESS 3]	248	(1)
Why Is Earth Called the ``Blue Planet''? [ESS 1]	249	(1)
Attention Getters for Middle-Level Learners	249	(3)
Is Day Always as Long as Night? [ESS 6]	249	(2)
Can You Draw an Orbit? [ESS 6]	251	(1)
Where Does the Sun Rise and Set? [ESS 6]	251	(1)
Discovery Activites for Young Learners	252	(5)
Planets on Parade [ESS 2]	252	(1)
Making a Simple Sundial [ESS 3]	253	(1)
Sunlight in Winter and Summer [ESS 3]	254	(1)
Make a Solar System Mobile [ESS 2]	255	(2)
Discovery Activities for Middle-Level Learners	257	(5)
How to Build an Altitude Finder (Astrolabe) [S&T 4]	257	(2)
How to Build an Azimuth Finder [S&T 4]	259	(1)
Using Altitude and Azimuth Finders to Follow the Motion of a Planet [S&T 4]	260	(2)
Demonstrations for Young Learners	262	(3)
Moon Watcher [ESS 2]	262	(2)
The Shoe Box Planetarium [ESS 3]	264	(1)
Demonstrations for Middle-Level Learners	265	(4)
Space Journey [ESS 6]	265	(2)
What Is a Light-Year? [ESS 6]	267	(2)
Part III Life Sciences and Technology
Unit, Lesson, and Enrichment Starter Ideas: The Life Sciences and Technology	269	(28)
The Tapper	270	(1)
Assessing Prior Knowledge and Conceptions	271	(2)
Internet Resources: Websites for Life Science Units, Lessons, Activities, and Demonstrations	273	(2)
Unit Plan Starter Ideas	275	(11)
Ideas Based on the NSE K-8 Content Standards	276	(3)
Ideas Based on Project 2061 Goals	279	(5)
Ideas Based on Typical Grade Level Content	284	(2)
Lesson Plan Starter Ideas for Common Curriculum Topics	286	(2)
Classroom Enrichment Starter Ideas	288	(6)
In-Class Learning Centers	288	(2)
Bulletin Boards	290	(1)
Field Trips for City Schools	291	(1)
Field Trips for All Schools	292	(1)
Cooperative Learning Projects	293	(1)
Science and Children and Science Scope: Resource Articles for Life Science Units, Lessons, Activities, and Demonstrations	294	(2)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	295	(1)
Notes	296	(1)
Living Things: Content	297	(14)
Living or Nonliving? That's the Question	298	(2)
Similarities in Living Things	298	(1)
Differences in Living Things	299	(1)
Classifying Living Things	300	(3)
The Five Kingdoms	300	(2)
How to Classify a Particular Living Thing	302	(1)
The Plant Kingdom: A Closer Look	303	(3)
The Structure of Flowering Plants	303	(2)
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants	305	(1)
Asexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants	305	(1)
The Animal Kingdom: A Closer Look	306	(2)
Vertebrates: Mammals	306	(1)
Sexual Reproduction in Vertebrates	307	(1)
Two Very Small but Very Interesting Living Things	308	(2)
Euglena	309	(1)
The World's Largest Bacterium	309	(1)
Summary Outline	310	(1)
Living Things: Attention Getters, Discovery Activities, and Demonstrations	311	(20)
Attention Getters for Young Learners	312	(1)
Is It a Plant or an Animal? [LS 1]	312	(1)
How Does Color Help Animals? [LS 3]	312	(1)
Are You a Good Animal Detective? [SPSP 2]	313	(1)
Attention Getters for Middle-Level Learners	313	(2)
How Are Seeds the Same and Different? [LS 5]	313	(1)
Can You Grow a Sweet Potato Plant Indoors? [LS 5]	314	(1)
Do Insects Have the Same Kinds of Body Parts? [LS 4]	315	(1)
Discovery Activities for Young Learners	315	(5)
How Is a Kitten Different from a Stone? [S&T 3]	315	(2)
What Is a Seed? [LS 2]	317	(2)
Who Goes There? [LS 3]	319	(1)
Discovery Activities for Middle-Level Learners	320	(5)
Male and Female Guppies: What's the Difference? [LS 5]	320	(2)
Do Mealworms Like or Dislike Light? [LS 6]	322	(1)
How Does Light Affect the Growth of Plants? [LS 7]	323	(2)
Demonstrations for Young Learners	325	(2)
The Curious Gerbils [LS 3]	325	(1)
Is It Alive? [S&T 3]	326	(1)
Demonstrations for Middle-Level Learners	327	(4)
The Birth of Guppies [LS 5]	327	(2)
The Insect Aquarium [LS 7]	329	(2)
The Human Body: Content	331	(14)
The Body's Systems	332	(1)
The Digestive System	332	(1)
Structure and Function	332	(1)
Food and Nutrition	333	(1)
The Skeletal-Muscular System	333	(1)
Bones: Structure and Function	333	(1)
Muscles: Structure and Function	334	(1)
The Respiratory System	334	(1)
The Diaphragm, Windpipe, and Lungs: Structure and Function	334	(1)
Oxygen Transport	335	(1)
The Nervous System	335	(3)
Nerves: Structure and Function	335	(1)
The Senses	336	(2)
The Excretory System	338	(1)
The Kidneys: Structure and Function	338	(1)
The Skin and Lungs: Function	338	(1)
The Liver and Intestines: Function	339	(1)
The Circulatory System	339	(3)
The Heart and Blood Vessels: Structure and Function	339	(1)
Blood	340	(2)
The Reproductive System	342	(2)
Structure and Function	342	(2)
Reproduction and Heredity	344	(1)
Summary Outline	344	(1)
The Human Body: Attention Getters, Discovery Activities, and Demonstrations	345	(18)
Attention Getters for Young Learners	346	(2)
How Can We Help People See Us at Night? [S&T 1]	346	(1)
When Do We Do Things That Keep Us Healthy and Strong? [SPSP 1]	346	(1)
How Do Your Ears Help You Learn Things? [LS 3]	347	(1)
Attention Getters for Middle-Level Learners	348	(2)
How Does Light Affect Your Eyes? [LS 4]	348	(1)
What Is in That Cereal? [SPSP 6]	348	(1)
What Is in Cream? [SPSP 6]	349	(1)
Discovery Activities for Young Learners	350	(3)
The Mystery Bag [S&T 3]	350	(1)
Sniff, Snuff, and Sneeze [LS 1]	351	(1)
Using Your Senses to Classify Things [LS 1]	352	(1)
Discovery Activities for Middle-Level Learners	353	(4)
How Does Smell Affect Taste? [LS 4]	353	(2)
How Does Rest Affect Tired Muscles? [SPSP 6]	355	(1)
Are You Part of Any Food Chains? [LS 7]	356	(1)
Demonstrations for Young Learners	357	(2)
What Can Change Bones? [SPSP 1]	357	(1)
Your Nose Knows [LS 1]	358	(1)
Demonstrations for Middle-Level Learners	359	(4)
What Is Your Lung Capacity? [LS 4]	359	(2)
How Fast Is Your Reaction Time? [LS 6]	361	(2)
Part IV Physical Sciences and Technology
Unit, Lesson, and Enrichment Starter Ideas: The Physical Sciences and Technology	363	(24)
The Letter	364	(1)
Assessing Prior Knowledge and Conceptions	365	(2)
Internet Resources: Websites for Physical Science Units, Lessons, Activities, and Demonstrations	366	(1)
Unit Plan Starter Ideas	367	(9)
Ideas Based on the NSE K-8 Content Standards	368	(3)
Ideas Based on Project 2061 Goals	371	(3)
Ideas Based on Typical Grade Level Content	374	(2)
Lesson Plan Starter Ideas for Common Curriculum Topics	376	(1)
Classroom Enrichment Starter Ideas	377	(7)
In-Class Learning Centers	377	(2)
Bulletin Boards	379	(1)
Field Trips for City Schools	380	(1)
Field Trips for All Schools	381	(1)
Cooperative Learning Projects	382	(2)
Science and Children and Science Scope: Resource Articles for Physical Science Units, Lessons, Activities, and Demonstrations	384	(2)
Make the Case: An Individual or Group Challenge	385	(1)
Notes	386	(1)
Matter and Motion: Content	387	(14)
From Atoms to Rockets and Other Technological Wonders	388	(1)
Matter	388	(8)
The Physical Properties of Matter	389	(1)
Molecular Theory	390	(1)
Chemical Changes in Matter	390	(2)
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures	392	(1)
The Parts of an Atom	393	(2)
Quarks and Other More Fundamental Parts of Matter	395	(1)
Nuclear Energy	395	(1)
Motion	396	(4)
Newton's Laws of Motion	397	(1)
Gravity and Motion	398	(1)
Jet and Rocket Engines	398	(1)
Flight	399	(1)
Summary Outline	400	(1)
Matter and Motion: Attention Getters, Discovery Activities, and Demonstrations	401	(18)
Attention Getters for Young Learners	402	(2)
Why Do We Need to Wear Safety Belts? [PS 2] & [SPSP 9]	402	(1)
Where Does the Water Go? [PS 1]	402	(1)
Where Are Wheels? [PS 2]	403	(1)
Attention Getters for Middle-Level Learners	404	(1)
Why Do Mothballs Rise and Fall? [PS 5]	404	(1)
Can You Separate Sugar and Sand? [PS 4]	404	(1)
What Causes Lift? [PS 5]	405	(1)
Discovery Activities for Young Learners	405	(4)
Matter and Changes [PS 1]	405	(2)
From Gas to Liquid [PS 3]	407	(1)
What Is Your Squeezing Force? [PS 1]	408	(1)
Discovery Activities for Middle-Level Learners	409	(4)
Secret Messages and Chemical Changes [PS 1]	409	(2)
Pendulums [PS 2]	411	(1)
Heat and the Fizzer [PS 3]	412	(1)
Demonstrations for Young Learners	413	(3)
The Toy Car in the Wagon: Pushes and Pulls [PS 2]	413	(2)
How Does an Earth Satellite Get Placed in Orbit? [PS 2]	415	(1)
Demonstrations for Middle-Level Learners	416	(2)
Teacher on Wheels: Action and Reaction Forces [PS 5]	416	(2)
Note	418	(1)
Energies and Machines: Content	419	(14)
How Energy Is Transferred	420	(1)
Electrical Energy	421	(3)
Static Electricity	421	(1)
Current Electricity	422	(2)
Sound Energy	424	(1)
What Causes Sound?	424	(1)
Sound Can Be Absorbed or Reflected	425	(1)
Light Energy	425	(3)
The Reflection and Refraction of Light	426	(1)
Light, Prisms, and Color	427	(1)
Heat Energy	428	(1)
What Is Heat?	428	(1)
How Is Heat Measured?	428	(1)
How Do Changes in State Occur?	429	(1)
Machines	429	(3)
Simple Machines	429	(3)
Friction	432	(1)
Summary Outline	432	(1)
Energies and Machines: Attention Getters, Discovery Activities, and Demonstrations	433	(20)
Attention Getters for Young Learners	434	(1)
How Do Instruments Make Sounds? [PS 2]	434	(1)
Do Magnets Pull on All Objects? [PS 3]	434	(1)
Why Do Some Machines Need Oil? [PS 2]	435	(1)
Attention Getters for Middle-Level Learners	435	(2)
Can Sound Travel Through a Solid Object? [PS 6]	435	(1)
What Type of Cup Loses Heat the Fastest? [PS 6]	436	(1)
Can You Move a Stream of Water without Touching It? [PS 4]	437	(1)
Discovery Activities for Young Learners	437	(3)
Move Those Loads: Making and Using a Simple Lever [PS 2]	437	(1)
Can You Build a No-Frills Telephone? [S&T 1]	438	(2)
Discovery Activities for Middle-Level Learners	440	(6)
Simple Circuits [S&T 4]	440	(2)
Electrical Conductors and Nonconductors [S&T 4]	442	(2)
The Ink-Lined Plane [PS 6]	444	(2)
Demonstrations for Young Learners	446	(2)
How Does Heating and Cooling Change a Balloon? [PS 3]	446	(1)
Tuning Forks Feed Food for Thought [PS 1]	447	(1)
Demonstrations for Middle-Level Learners	448	(4)
You Could Hear a Pin Drop: The Conduction of Heat [PS 6]	448	(2)
Making Work Easier: Using Fixed and Movable Pulleys [S&T 4]	450	(2)
Note	452	(1)
For the Teacher's Desk	453	(20)
Your Classroom Enrichment Handbook	455	(11)
Keeping Living Things...Alive	455	(2)
Safety Management Helper	457	(2)
Materials to Keep in Your Science Closet	459	(1)
The Metric Helper	460	(1)
Content Coverage Checklists	461	(3)
Your Science Survival Bookshelf	464	(2)
Your Science Source Address Book	466	(7)
Free and Inexpensive Materials	466	(1)
The ``Wish Book'' Companies	467	(1)
Bilingual Child Resources	468	(1)
Special-Needs Resources	469	(1)
Science Teachers Associations	470	(1)
NASA Teacher Resource Centers	471	(2)
Appendix: The National Science Education (NSE) Content Standards, Grades K-8	473	(4)
Index	477