Teaching Reading in Today's Elementary Schools

by Roe, Betty D.; Smith, Sandy H.; Burns, Paul C.

• ISBN13: 9780618508310
• ISBN10: 0618508317
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-03-24
• Publisher: Cengage Learning College

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
The Reading Act	1	(33)
The Importance of Reading	3	(1)
Components of the Reading Act	4	(18)
The Reading Product	4	(1)
The Reading Process	5	(10)
The Reading Process: Selected Theories	15	(7)
Twelve Principles of Teaching Reading	22	(6)
The Standards Movement	28	(6)
Emergent Literacy	34	(40)
Development of Cognition and Language	36	(3)
Cognitive Development	36	(2)
Language Learning	38	(1)
The Emergent Literacy Classroom	39	(5)
Establishing a Literacy-Rich Classroom Environment	41	(1)
Involving Parents	42	(2)
Listening and Speaking	44	(4)
Listening	45	(1)
Oral Expression	45	(1)
Dramatic Play	46	(2)
Creative Dramatics	48	(1)
Reading and Writing	48	(24)
Learning to Read	49	(12)
Learning to Write	61	(11)
Chapter Appendix: Predictable/Repetitive/Alliterative/Rhyming Books	72	(2)
Word Recognition	74	(57)
Word Recognition Strategies	76	(44)
General Guidelines for Teaching Word Recognition	76	(2)
Sight Words	78	(8)
Context Clues	86	(4)
Phonics	90	(20)
Structural Analysis	110	(7)
Dictionary Study	117	(3)
Word Recognition Procedure	120	(7)
Chapter Appendix: Teaching Strategies for Phonics Instruction	127	(4)
Meaning Vocabulary	131	(39)
Vocabulary Development	133	(1)
Vocabulary Instruction	133	(37)
Building Readers' Schemata	135	(4)
Instructional Procedures	139	(25)
Special Words	164	(6)
Comprehension: Part 1	170	(44)
The Reader	173	(5)
The Reader's Schemata	173	(4)
Other Aspects Related to the Reader	177	(1)
The Reading Situation	178	(4)
Purposes for Reading	179	(2)
Audience	181	(1)
Importance of Task to Student	182	(1)
The Text	182	(7)
Sentence Comprehension	182	(3)
Organizational Patterns	185	(1)
Types of Text	186	(3)
Interaction of the Reader, the Reading Situation, and the Text	189	(25)
Prereading Strategies and Activities	189	(1)
During-Reading Strategies and Activities	190	(9)
Postreading Strategies and Activities	199	(2)
General Strategies and Activities	201	(13)
Comprehension: Part 2	214	(50)
Literal Comprehension	216	(5)
Higher-Order Comprehension	221	(31)
Interpretive Reading	222	(14)
Critical Reading	236	(13)
Creative Reading	249	(3)
Effective Questioning	252	(12)
Preparing Questions	254	(4)
Helping Students Answer Questions	258	(2)
Helping Students Question	260	(4)
Major Approaches and Materials for Reading Instruction	264	(49)
Published Reading Series	266	(11)
Traditional Basal Series	266	(4)
Literature-Based and Language-Integrated Series	270	(1)
Instructional Procedures Used with Published Reading Series	271	(6)
Literature-Based Approaches	277	(22)
Whole-Class Reading of a Core Book	278	(3)
Literature Circles	281	(5)
Thematic Literature Units	286	(5)
Individualized Reading Approach	291	(8)
Language Experience Approach (LEA)	299	(8)
Implementation in Kindergarten	301	(1)
Implementation in the Primary Grades	301	(4)
Implementation in Higher Grades	305	(1)
Use with Students 'Who Have Special Needs	305	(2)
Some Considerations About the LEA	307	(1)
Programmed Instruction and Computer Use	307	(1)
Eclectic Approaches	308	(5)
Language and Literature	313	(30)
Facilitating Language Development	315	(1)
Integrating the Language Arts	315	(4)
The Reading-Writing Connection	319	(8)
A Process Writing Approach	321	(3)
Reading and Writing with Journals	324	(2)
Reading and Writing Workshops	326	(1)
Literature as a Means for Integrating Language	327	(16)
Creating an Environment for Reading and Writing	327	(1)
Literary Genres	328	(2)
Story Reading and Storytelling	330	(2)
Selecting Literature	332	(3)
Responding to Literature	335	(8)
Reading/Study Techniques	343	(36)
Study Methods	345	(5)
SQ3R	345	(1)
SQRQCQ	346	(1)
Other Techniques to Improve Retention	347	(2)
Test-Taking Strategies	349	(1)
Flexibility of Reading Habits	350	(2)
Adjustment of Approach	350	(1)
Adjustment of Rate	350	(2)
Locating Information	352	(12)
Books	352	(1)
Reference Books	353	(8)
Libraries and Media Centers	361	(2)
Computer Databases	363	(1)
Organizational Techniques	364	(4)
Note Taking	364	(1)
Outlining	365	(2)
Summarizing	367	(1)
Metacognition	368	(3)
Graphic Aids	371	(8)
Maps	371	(1)
Graphs	372	(3)
Tables	375	(1)
Illustrations	375	(4)
Reading in the Content Areas	379	(43)
Content Texts Compared with Basal Readers	381	(1)
Difficulty of Texts and Supplementary Materials	382	(1)
Alternatives to Exclusive Use of Content Texts	383	(2)
General Techniques for Content Area Reading	385	(15)
Motivating Students to Read	386	(1)
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DRTA)	386	(1)
Study Guides	386	(3)
Guided Reading Procedure	389	(1)
Press Conference	389	(1)
Creative Mapping	390	(1)
Structured Overviews	390	(1)
Every-Pupil-Response Activities	390	(1)
Readers' Theater	390	(1)
Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) for Expository Materials	391	(1)
Learning Text Structure	391	(2)
Computer Approaches	393	(1)
Writing Techniques	393	(2)
Using Content Material with Reading of Fiction and Writing	395	(1)
Manipulative Materials	396	(1)
Integrating Approaches	396	(1)
Creating Instructional Units	397	(3)
Specific Content Areas	400	(22)
Language Arts	400	(4)
Social Studies	404	(5)
Mathematics	409	(3)
Science and Health	412	(10)
Use of Technology for Literacy Learning	422	(34)
The Role of the Teacher	424	(4)
Understanding the Range of Technology Available	424	(1)
Evaluating Technological Applications	425	(2)
Integrating Technology into the Classroom	427	(1)
Technology as a Tool for Literacy Instruction	428	(28)
Instructional Transparencies	429	(1)
Television Programs	429	(1)
Audiotapes	430	(1)
Videotapes	430	(2)
CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and Videodiscs	432	(1)
Computer Applications	433	(19)
Adjusting Instruction Through Technology	452	(4)
Assessment of Student Progress and Text Difficulty	456	(35)
Current Trends in Assessment	458	(2)
Formal Assessment	460	(3)
Norm-Referenced Tests	460	(2)
Criterion-Referenced Tests	462	(1)
Assessment of Emergent Literacy	463	(1)
Alternative Assessment	464	(19)
Observation, Interaction, and Analysis	465	(7)
Portfolio Assessment	472	(3)
Self-Appraisal	475	(1)
Appraising Literary Interests	475	(2)
Informal Tests	477	(5)
Further Considerations About Alternative Assessment	482	(1)
Assessing Text Difficulty	483	(8)
Readability Formulas	483	(3)
Leveled Texts	486	(5)
Classroom Organization and Management	491	(30)
Organizational Patterns	493	(9)
Integrated Language Arts Curriculum	493	(4)
Learning in Groups	497	(4)
4-Blocks Literacy Model	501	(1)
Creating a Supportive Classroom Environment	502	(3)
Physical Environment	502	(2)
Social-Emotional Environment	504	(1)
Creating an Inclusive Classroom	505	(4)
Laws Affecting Students with Disabilities	505	(1)
Inclusion	505	(3)
General Guidelines	508	(1)
Role of the Teacher	509	(4)
The Teacher as Facilitator and Manager of Instruction	509	(2)
The Teacher as Decision Maker	511	(1)
The Teacher as Researcher	512	(1)
The Teacher as Learner	512	(1)
Home-School Partnership	513	(2)
Methods of Communication	513	(2)
Overcoming Communication Challenges	515	(1)
Classroom Assistants	515	(6)
Appendix A: Answers to ``Test Yourself''	521	(2)
Appendix B: Teaching Strategies Reference Guide	523	(8)
Glossary	531	(8)
References	539	(34)
Index	573