Texas : The Lone Star State

by Richardson, Rupert N.; Anderson, Adrian; Wintz, Cary D.; Wallace, Ernest

• ISBN13: 9780131835504
• ISBN10: 0131835505
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This is a comprehensive yet accessible survey of Texas historyfrom early times to the present. Written in a narrative style, this book offers a balanced presentation of all time periods and topics of Texas history. From the beginning sections on geography and prehistoric people, to the concluding discussions on the start of the twenty-first century, this book successfully considers each era equally in terms of space and emphasis. For interested history enthusiasts looking for a comprehensive survey of Texas history.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
1. The Country and Its Native Peoples	1	(18)
The Land	1	(4)
The Rivers	5	(3)
Prehistoric Peoples	8	(1)
The Native Peoples	9	(7)
Bibliography	16	(3)
2. Spanish Texas-Exploration and Occupation 1519-1763	19	(22)
The Spanish Empire	19	(1)
Exploration	20	(2)
The Challenge of the French: La Salle	22	(1)
The First Missions in East Texas	23	(2)
The Return of the Spanish to East Texas	25	(4)
Expansion: Nuevo Santander	29	(1)
Expansion: On the Coast and in the Hills	29	(3)
Life in Spanish Texas: The Missions	32	(2)
Political and Military Affairs	34	(1)
Life in the Civil Settlements	35	(2)
Bibliography	37	(4)
3. Spanish Texas-The Last Years-1763-1821	41	(14)
Texas after the Spanish Acquisition of Louisiana	41	(3)
Spain, Texas, and the United States	44	(1)
The First Anglo-Americans in Texas	45	(2)
The Beginning of the Mexican Revolution	47	(1)
Revolutionary Times in Texas	47	(3)
A New Era: The Beginning of Foreign Immigration	50	(1)
A New Nation: Mexico	51	(1)
The Legacies of Spanish Rule	52	(1)
Bibliography	53	(2)
4. Mexican Texas	55	(20)
The Empire of Mexico	55	(1)
The Old Three Hundred	56	(2)
The Republic of Mexico	58	(1)
A New Colonization Program	59	(1)
Expansion of Colonization	60	(2)
The Fredonian Rebellion	62	(1)
The Law of April 6, 1830	62	(2)
Colonization Under the Law of April 6, 1830	64	(1)
The People of Mexican Texas	65	(2)
Government in Mexican Texas	67	(3)
Colonial Institutions	70	(2)
Bibliography	72	(3)
5. The Prelude to Revolution 1826-1835	75	(16)
Early Troubles	75	(1)
The Disturbances of 1831 and 1832	76	(3)
The Conventions of 1832 and 1833	79	(1)
Austin's Journey to Mexico City	80	(1)
Santa Anna and the Politics of Mexico (1833-1835)	81	(1)
Affairs in Coahuila and Texas (1833-1835)	82	(2)
The Crisis of 1835	84	(2)
Why Revolution?	86	(3)
Bibliography	89	(2)
6. The Texas Revolution 1835-1836	91	(26)
The Beginning of the Revolution	91	(3)
The Consultation	94	(2)
The Failure of the Provisional Government	96	(1)
The Alamo	97	(4)
The Birth of the Republic	101	(2)
The War in South Texas	103	(2)
Retreat	105	(2)
The Battle of San Jacinto	107	(2)
After San Jacinto	109	(2)
Aid for the Revolution	111	(2)
The Texas Navy	113	(1)
Bibliography	113	(4)
7. The Republic of Texas 1836-1845	117	(26)
The Election of 1836	117	(1)
Houston and the New Nation (1836-1838)	118	(3)
The Young Republic and Foreign Affairs (1836-1838)	121	(1)
Lamar's Administration (1838-1841)	122	(5)
Foreign Affairs (1838-1841)	127	(1)
Houston's Second Administration (1841-1844)	128	(1)
Houston and Mexico (1841-1844)	129	(2)
Houston and the Quest for Annexation (1842-1844)	131	(1)
Population Growth in the Republic	132	(1)
Tejano Experiences in the Republic of Texas	133	(2)
The Empresario System of the Republic	135	(1)
The Advance of the Frontier	136	(1)
Annexation Achieved	137	(2)
Bibliography	139	(4)
8. Early Statehood 1846-1861	143	(24)
The Establishment of State Government	143	(1)
The War with Mexico	144	(3)
The Texas-New Mexico Boundary Controversy	147	(3)
Settlement of the Debt of the Republic	150	(1)
The Politics of Early Statehood	151	(3)
Immigration and Extension of Settlement	154	(1)
Tejanos and the Settlement of South and West Texas	155	(2)
The Growth of Slavery	157	(1)
Opponents of Slavery	158	(1)
Exploring West Texas	159	(1)
The Indian Frontier	160	(2)
Bibliography	162	(5)
9. Pioneer Institutions	167	(24)
The People	167	(2)
Occupations	169	(1)
Slavery and the Plantation System	170	(3)
Life on the Farms	173	(2)
The Towns	175	(2)
Transportation	177	(2)
Health	179	(1)
Amusements	180	(1)
Law and Order	181	(1)
Education	182	(2)
Newspapers, Literature, and Art	184	(1)
Religion	185	(2)
Bibliography	187	(4)
10. Secession and War 1860-1865	191	(25)
Prelude to Secession	191	(2)
Secession	193	(4)
At the Battlefront	197	(5)
Supplying Men	202	(1)
The State and the Confederacy	203	(3)
Critics of the Confederacy	206	(2)
Slaves and Slavery During the Civil War	208	(1)
Life at Home During the War	209	(2)
The Final Days	211	(1)
Bibliography	211	(5)
11. Restoring Texas to the Union 1865-1874	216	(21)
Reconstruction: First Steps	216	(1)
Emancipation	217	(1)
The Freedmen's Bureau	218	(1)
President Johnson's Plan for Reconstruction	219	(5)
Radical Reconstruction	224	(1)
The Constitution of 1869	225	(5)
E.J. Davis and Radical Rule in Texas	230	(3)
The Effects of Reconstruction	233	(1)
Bibliography	234	(3)
12. From Reconstruction to Reform 1874-1890	237	(22)
A New Constitution	238	(1)
The Constitution of 1876	239	(2)
Ratification of the Constitution of 1876	241	(1)
The Politics of Conservatism (1874-1890)	242	(3)
Public Poverty, Public Debt	245	(3)
Law and Order	248	(2)
The Public Lands	250	(1)
Building the Railroads	251	(3)
A Changing Economy	254	(2)
Bibliography	256	(3)
13. Cultural Conflict on the Frontier	259	(28)
The Defeat of the Indians	259	(8)
The Buffalo Slaughter	267	(1)
The Price of Conquest	268	(1)
The Cattle Kingdom	269	(5)
The Big Pasture Country	274	(3)
Other Livestock: Horses, Sheep, and Goats	277	(1)
The People of the Range	278	(1)
The Advance of the Farmers	279	(4)
Bibliography	283	(4)
14. The Populists and Progressives 1890-1910	287	(18)
The Growth of Political Discontent	288	(3)
James Stephen Hogg and Reform	291	(3)
The People's Party	294	(2)
The Conservative Resurgence	296	(4)
Thomas M. Campbell and Progressive Reform	300	(2)
Bibliography	302	(3)
15. Life at the Turn of the Century	305	(26)
The Galveston Storm of 1900	305	(1)
Living and Working in Texas	306	(1)
Urban Texas	307	(1)
Oil and Industrialization	308	(2)
Leisure Activities	310	(1)
Public Health	311	(1)
Religion	312	(1)
Education	313	(2)
Women at the Turn of the Century	315	(3)
Race and Ethnicity	318	(6)
Literature and the Arts	324	(2)
Bibliography	326	(5)
16. Crusades and Complacency 1910-1930	331	(29)
Oscar Branch Colquitt (1911-1915)	331	(1)
Prohibition: The Moral Crusade	332	(1)
The Birth of Fergusonism (1915-1917)	333	(3)
Trouble on the Border	336	(2)
Texas in the First World War	338	(4)
The Politics of Complacency	342	(1)
The Ku Klux Klan: Crusades and Bigotry	343	(3)
Dan Moody (1927-1931)	346	(2)
The Roaring Twenties-Economic Growth and Prosperity	348	(3)
Life in the Roaring Twenties	351	(5)
Bibliography	356	(4)
17. The Great Depression 1930-1941	360	(19)
Hard Times in Texas	360	(2)
Depression Politics-Ross Sterling (1931-1933)	362	(2)
Fergusionism Returns-Miriam Ferguson (1933-1935)	364	(1)
Welfare, Economic Planning, and Reform-The New Deal in Texas	365	(1)
Industry, Transportation, and Labor	366	(2)
Agriculture in the Depression	368	(1)
Conservation and Environmental Concerns	369	(1)
Literature and the Arts in the Depression	370	(1)
The Politics of Recovery-James Allred (1935-1939)	371	(2)
W. Lee O'Daniel (1939-1941)	373	(3)
Bibliography	376	(3)
18. World War II and After 1941-1962	379	(23)
The Politics of Wartime	380	(3)
Texas and Texans in the War	383	(3)
Postwar Texas-The Jester Years (1947-1949)	386	(3)
Shivers, Politics, and Tidelands	389	(2)
Scandals and Reform: Politics in the 1950's	391	(5)
The Election of 1960 and the Emerging Republican Party	396	(3)
Bibliography	399	(3)
19. The Politics of an Urban Land 1962-2004	402	(25)
The Dynamics of Political Change	402	(1)
The 1960's: The Johnson and Connally Years	403	(3)
The Struggle for Civil Rights	406	(4)
Smith, Sharpstown, and Briscoe	410	(2)
Constitutional Revision	412	(1)
The Republican Challenge	413	(3)
Clements, Richards, and Two-Party Politics	416	(3)
George W. Bush-Building the Republican Majority	419	(1)
President George W Bush	420	(1)
Rick Perry and the Republican Ascendency	421	(4)
Bibliography	425	(2)
20. Beginning a New Century	427	(20)
An Economy in Transition	428	(3)
Religion and Education	431	(3)
Literature and the Arts	434	(4)
A Population in Transition	438	(6)
Bibliography	444	(3)
Appendix	447	(5)
Index	452

Excerpts

Some sixty-three years ago, as the world was moving from depression to war, Professor Richardson completed the first edition ofTexas: The Lone Star State,written as a comprehensive, general history of Texas and intended primarily for use in college history courses. Many years later near the end of the 1960s, Professor Richardson, recognizing the evolutionary character of historical studies and the need to provide new insight and ideas, added two authors, Ernest Wallace and Adrian Anderson, in the preparation of the third and subsequent editions. As we moved into the new millennium, a new author, Cary D. Wintz, joined in the preparation of the eighth and continues with this, the current and ninth edition ofTexas: The Lone Star State.Professor Wintz, whose suggestions influenced the preparation earlier editions, brought to the book his broad and comprehensive knowledge of Texas history and his long experience in the study of specialized areas, some of which were scarcely recognized at the time of the original edition. When Professor Richardson prepared the final draft of his manuscript for the first edition ofTexas: The Lone Star State,he wrote in his preface that his mission was to "provide, as far as the limitations of a single volume will permit, acomplete surveyof the history of Texas." His goal was to present not only the topics affording "adventure, contest, and color" but also "the more prosaic but equally important subjects." In search of balance, he sought to tell the story of "cotton pickers" and "priests and conquerors," of "filibusterers" and "farmers"--a complete story, to the extent possible. In keeping with his purpose, Professor Richardson wrote history in narrative or "storytelling" form. Where circumstances demanded and space permitted, he analyzed and interpreted events and issues, but the essence of his work was the evolution of his story and his effort to present it in an account that was as complete and fair as possible. The events of the years since the first publication ofTexas: The Lone Star Statehave been included in successive editions. And, the discovery of new information has sometimes led to reexamination of past events. More often, however, it is an increased awareness of the contributions and role of minorities, women, and other groups which have been ignored or inadequately recognized in the past that has led to a new, and it is hoped, a more complete and meaningful story. In reexamining the past, many of the old traditions or "myths" have been carefully scrutinized and found lacking in terms of meaning and sensitivity; others have been altered or modified. Such changes are appropriate and necessary to the preservation of a free people. But while old "myths" must be constantly reviewed and examined in order that they may not distort our history, care also must be taken to make sure that new "myths," which inevitably arise, do not likewise mislead us in our understanding of our heritage. New materials have been added to bring the text up-to-date in this edition, and where new scholarship is available, some of the earlier chapters have been revised. Substantial changes will be noted in chapters dealing with the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The story of Texas is presented through the events of the newest century, including the tragedy of September 11, 2001 and the political changes that culminated in the elections of 2002 and the subsequent redistricting struggle. In a few instances, the organization has been changed for the sake of clarity, and, unfortunately, for the sake of space, some material of older editions has been deleted. Considerable care has been taken to add a comprehensive listing of recently published books and articles in the bibliographies at the end of each chapter. In recognition of the increased role of visuals--pictures, graphs, and maps-in the learning of the twenty-first century, we have