The Theory of Knowledge Classic and Contemporary Readings

by Pojman, Louis P.

• ISBN13: 9780534558222
• ISBN10: 0534558224
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-06-04
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Pojman's THE THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE: CLASSIC AND CONTEMPORARY READINGS is nothing less than the most up-to-date and comprehensive reader in knowledge theory on the market. Containing 63 readings, the book is now organized into eleven parts that outline the subjects' central to contemporary epistemology. Opposing positions are set forth for all issues and a brief synopsis introduces each reading.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Part I General Introduction: The Theory of Knowledge	1	(18)
What Can We Know? Appearance and Reality	5	(4)
Bertrand Russell
The Problem of the Criterion	9	(10)
Roderick M. Chisholm
Part II Skepticism	19	(52)
Global Skepticism and the Quest for Certainty (Meditations 1 through 4)	22	(17)
Rene Descartes
Skepticism Regarding the Senses	39	(10)
David Hume
A Defense of Common Sense	49	(7)
G. E. Moore
Why Not Skepticism?	56	(7)
Keith Lehrer
Two Types of Knowledge	63	(8)
Norman Malcolm
Part III Perception: Our Knowledge of the External World	71	(50)
A Representational Theory of Perception	75	(13)
John Locke
An Idealist Theory of Knowledge	88	(8)
George Berkeley
Science and the Physical World: A Defense of Phenomenalism	96	(4)
W. T. Stace
Phenomenalism: Its Grounds and Difficulties	100	(8)
C. H. Whiteley
A Commonsense Defense of Direct Realism	108	(7)
Thomas Reid
A Defense of Representationalism	115	(6)
Bertrand Russell
Part IV The Analysis of Knowledge	121	(36)
Is Justified True Belief Belief-Knowledge?	125	(2)
Edmund L. Gettier
An Alleged Defect in Gettier Counter-Examples	127	(2)
Richard Feldman
A Causal Theory of Knowing	129	(9)
Alvin I. Goldman
Knowledge: Undefeated Justified True Belief	138	(4)
Keith Lehrer
Thomas D. Paxson, Jr.
Discrimination and Perceptual Knowledge	142	(15)
Alvin I. Goldman
Part V Theories of Justification (I): Foundationalism and Coherentism	157	(100)
Contemporary Classical Foundationalism	163	(11)
Roderick Chisholm
Contemporary Modest Foundationalism	174	(8)
Robert Audi
A Critique of Foundationalism	182	(12)
Laurence BonJour
A Defense of Classical Foundationalism	194	(12)
Timothy McGrew
A Defense of Coherentism	206	(9)
Jonathan Dancy
A Critique of Coherentism	215	(7)
Richard Fumerton
The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence Versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge	222	(15)
Ernest Sosa
A Foundherentist Theory of Empirical Justification	237	(11)
Susan Haack
A Contextual Theory of Epistemic Justification	248	(9)
David Annis
Part VI Theories of Justification (II): Externalism and Internalism	257
Reliabilism: What Is Justified Belief?	260	(13)
Alvin I. Goldman
A Critique of Externalism	273	(14)
Keith Lehrer
Epistemology Naturalized	287	(9)
W. V. Quine
The Generality Problem for Reliabilism	296	(14)
Earl Conee
Richard Feldman
A Defense of Internalism	310	(12)
Matthias Steup
Naturalistic Epistemology and Its Critics	322	(12)
Hilary Kornblith
Elusive Knowledge	334	(14)
David Lewis
Virtues in Epistemology	348
John Greco
Part VII A Priori Knowledge	167	(264)
A Priori Knowledge	370	(8)
Immanuel Kant
An Empiricist Critique of A Priori Knowledge	378	(7)
A. J. Ayer
In Defense of A Priori Knowledge	385	(6)
A. C. Ewing
Two Dogmas of Empiricism	391	(12)
W. V. Quine
In Defense of a Dogma	403	(6)
H. P. Grice
Peter F. Strawson
Truths of Reason	409	(13)
Roderick Chisholm
A Priori Knowledge, Necessity, and Contingency	422	(9)
Saul A. Kripke
Part VIII The Justification of Induction	431	(34)
The Problem of Induction	434	(6)
David Hume
On Induction	440	(3)
Bertrand Russell
Will the Future Be Like the Past?	443	(8)
Frederick L. Will
The Pragmatic Justification of Induction	451	(4)
Hans Reichenbach
Dissolving the Problem of Induction	455	(5)
Peter F. Strawson
The New Riddle of Induction	460	(5)
Nelson Goodman
Part IX Scientific Method, Justification, and the Demarcation Problem	465	(42)
The Verification Method and the Elimination of Metaphysics	468	(8)
A. J. Ayer
The Scientific Method of Hypothesis Testing	476	(8)
Carl Hempel
Science: Conjectures and Refutations	484	(13)
Karl Popper
Science and Pseudoscience	497	(5)
Imre Lakatos
Science as Myth	502	(5)
Paul Feyerabend
Part X The Ethics of Belief	507	(50)
Of Enthusiasm	510	(5)
John Locke
The Ethics of Belief	515	(3)
W. K. Clifford
The Will to Believe	518	(8)
William James
What Ought We to Believe?	526	(10)
Jack Meiland
Belief, Willing, and the Ethics of Belief	536	(21)
Louis P. Pojman
Part XI Challenges and Alternatives to Contemporary Epistemology	557
Is the Sex of the Knower Epistemologically Significant?	559
Lorraine Code
Feminist Epistemology as a Local Epistemology	571
Helen E. Longino
Knowledge and Propaganda: Reflections of an Old Feminist	580
Susan Haack
Dismantling Truth: Solidarity Versus Objectivity	588
Richard Rorty
A Defense of Objectivity	596
Margarita Rosa Levin
Epistemology without a Knowing Subject	607
Karl Popper