A Timber Framer's Workshop: Joinery & Design Essentials for Building Traditional Timber Frames

by Chappell, Steve K.

• ISBN13: 9781889269009
• ISBN10: 188926900X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-07-01
• Publisher: Fox Maple Pr Inc

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	xvii
Introduction to Timber Framing	3	(14)
Structural Overview	4	(1)
Parts of the Frame	5	(1)
Framing Members	6	(1)
Bent Framing Members	7	(1)
Design Considerations	8	(1)
Joinery, Aesthetic, and Timber Quality	8	(2)
Design Overview	10	(1)
Bent Framing	11	(1)
Joinery	12	(1)
Foundations & Decks	13	(1)
Interior Layout	14	(1)
Enclosure Methods	15	(2)
Tools	17	(16)
The Timber Framer's Tool Box	19	(14)
Personal Tools	21	(1)
Hand Tools	21	(4)
Power Tools	25	(3)
Shop Tools	28	(3)
Tool Suppliers	31	(2)
Structural Design Considerations	33	(14)
Post and Lintel Framework	36	(1)
Rigid frameworks	36	(1)
Structural Frameworks	36	(1)
Load Distribution	37	(1)
Bent Framing	38	(1)
Primary Frame Members	38	(1)
Effects of Loading	39	(2)
Secondary Frame Members Within a Bent	41	(2)
Transferring Loads with Secondary Members	43	(4)
Bent Framing & Joinery Design	47	(43)
Joists & Purlins	49	(17)
Simple Dovetail	50	(1)
Housed Dovetail	51	(2)
Shouldered Dovetail	53	(2)
Soffit and Tusk Tenons	55	(1)
Depth of Dovetail Mortises on Supporting Members	56	(2)
Sizing Joist & Purlin Dovetail Tenons	58	(1)
Beams Notched at the Bottom	59	(1)
Spacing Floor Joists & Purlins	60	(1)
Rule-of-Thumb Guidelines	60	(2)
Stresses Acting on a Beam	62	(1)
Imposed Load	62	(1)
Extreme Fiber in Tension	62	(1)
Shearing Stresses within a Simple Beam	63	(1)
Formula to Determine Tenon Shear	63	(3)
Braces & Bracing	66	(9)
Types of Bracing	67	(1)
Knee Braces	67	(1)
Tension Braces	67	(1)
Sizing	68	(1)
Compression Perpendicular to the Grain	68	(1)
Compression Parallel to the Grain	68	(1)
Types of Wood	69	(1)
Horizontal Racking Force	69	(1)
Tension & Compression	69	(1)
Brace Joinery	70	(1)
Housed Tenon	71	(1)
Lap Tenon	72	(1)
The Effects of Compression and Tension on Knee Braces	73	(2)
Tie Beam Joinery	75	(15)
Tension Joinery	77	(1)
Horizontal Shear of Simple Beams	78	(1)
Shearing Forces in Tension Joint	79	(1)
Shear Failure Perpendicular to the Grain	80	(1)
Traditional Tie Beam Joinery Details	81	(1)
Tie Beam to Post Joinery	81	(1)
Tie Beam to Plate Joinery	81	(1)
Basic Tie Beam Joinery	81	(1)
Simple Mortise and Tenon	82	(1)
Shouldered Mortise and Tenon	83	(1)
Wedged Half Dovetailed/Shouldered Mortise & Tenon	84	(1)
English Tying Joint	85	(2)
Modified English Tying Joint	87	(3)
Tension Joinery	90	(15)
Analyzing Applied Forces	91	(2)
Forces Acting on a Structural Framework	93	(1)
Transfer of Roof Loads on a High Posted Cape	94	(1)
Compression, Tension and Shearing Stresses	95	(2)
Compression and Tension Members	97	(1)
Tension Joints	97	(1)
Table 1: Basic Stresses for Clear Wood under Long-Time Loading	98	(1)
Equation to Determine Shear of Tenon	98	(1)
Equation to Determine Shear Strength of Pegs	98	(3)
Equation to Calculate Strength of Mortise	101	(1)
Table 2: Basic Stresses for Bolted Joints	101	(2)
Designing Tension Joinery	103	(2)
Roof Framing & Truss Design	105	(26)
Clear-Span Truss Design	106	(16)
King-post Truss	108	(2)
Queen-post Truss	110	(2)
Crown-post	112	(1)
Vaulted Trusses	113	(1)
Arch-braced Trusses	113	(3)
Hammerbeam Trusses	116	(2)
Cruck Trusses	118	(4)
The Makeup of a Truss	122	(9)
Theory of Truss Mechanics	122	(1)
Joint Systems	123	(1)
Balancing Structure and Aesthetics	124	(1)
Types of Force Systems	125	(1)
Member Stresses	125	(1)
Determining Force Loads	126	(1)
Equations of Static Equilibrium	127	(1)
Determining Resultant Forces	127	(4)
Timber & Wood Technology	131	(24)
Working With Timbers	132	(6)
Traditional Timber Framing Species	132	(1)
North American Species	133	(1)
Visual & Structural Grading	134	(1)
Grading Criteria	135	(1)
Strength Ratio	135	(1)
Maximum Slope of Grain	136	(1)
Comparative Strength of Timbers with Various Grain Slopes	136	(1)
Determining Subtle Qualities	137	(1)
Working with Green Timbers	138	(6)
Curing and Seasoning	139	(1)
Tension & Compression Wood	140	(1)
Methods of Curing or Seasoning	140	(1)
Handling Timbers	141	(1)
Quality Control	142	(1)
Shrinkage Values of Domestic Woods	143	(1)
Physical Properties of Wood	144	(11)
Joinery Design to Minimize Defects due to Shrinkage	145	(1)
Formula For Determining Shrinkage In Various Species of Wood	146	(1)
Effects of Milling on Twisting, Warping and Bowing	147	(1)
Shrinkage Based on Milling	148	(3)
Determining Timber Size and Joinery in Relation to Shrinkage	151	(1)
Shrinkage in a Housed Joint	151	(1)
Butt Shoulder Joint	152	(1)
Housed Joint	152	(1)
Checking & Twisting	153	(2)
Tips & Techniques	155	(8)
Surveying Timbers	156	(1)
Organizing Crews	157	(1)
Setting up the Beamery	158	(1)
Creating Standards	158	(1)
Cribbing Ponies	159	(1)
Pegging	160	(1)
Layout of Mortises & Tenons	160	(1)
Measure Twenty Seven Times - Cut Once	161	(2)
Joinery Details	163	(22)
Bent Framing Members & Joints	165	(1)
Post/Sill Joint	166	(2)
Tie Beam/Post	168	(1)
Wedged Half Dovetailed Through Tenon	168	(2)
English Tying Joint with Continuous Top Plate	170	(1)
English Tying Joint	170	(1)
English Tying Joint with Intermediate Top Plate	171	(1)
Rafter Foot/Post Joint	172	(2)
Rafter Peak/King Post Joint	174	(2)
Braces	176	(2)
Collar Tie/Queen Post	178	(1)
Queen Post	179	(1)
Collar Tie	179	(1)
Dovetailed Purlin/Rafter, Joist/Summer Beam Joint	180	(2)
Summer Beam	182	(1)
Shouldered Dovetail	183	(2)
Timber Frame Plans	185	(18)
16'x22' Saltbox Frame	188	(3)
Timber Schedule	191	(1)
24'x24' High Post Cape Frame	192	(3)
Timber Schedule	195	(1)
24'x36' Hammerbeam Cape	196	(5)
Timber Schedule	201	(2)
Builders Math & Engineering	203	(25)
Builders Math	204	(10)
Pythagorean Theorem	204	(1)
Equations to find Rise & Run	205	(1)
Trigonometric Ratios	206	(1)
Determining Trigonometric Ratios	207	(2)
Formula to Determine Sine, Gosine & Tangent of a Right Triangle	209	(1)
Using Trig to Facilitate Layout	210	(1)
Trigonometric Ratios (table)	211	(1)
Math Quiz	212	(2)
Engineering	214	(14)
Strength of Beams	215	(3)
Shearing Stresses on Pegged Joinery	218	(1)
Single Shear	219	(1)
Double shear	219	(1)
Safe Shearing Stresses for Timbers (table)	220	(2)
Member Notched at Bottom	222	(1)
Member Notched at Top	223	(1)
Beams, Joists & Girders	224	(1)
Design for Bending	224	(1)
Bending Moment	224	(1)
Shear in Beams	225	(1)
Deflection	226	(2)
Answers to Problems on Pages 212-213	228	(1)
Appendices	229	(7)
Tables of Mechanical Properties of Wood	230	(2)
Basic Stresses for Clear Wood under Long-Term Loading (table)	232	(2)
Miscellaneous Notes	234	(2)
Glossary	236	(6)
Bibliography	242	(1)
Index	243