Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama BK&CDR

by DiYanni, Robert

• ISBN13: 9780073252117
• ISBN10: 0073252115
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover w/CD
• Copyright: 2005-12-20
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education

Summary

DiYanni'sLiterature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Dramafeatures student-centered approaches to literature -- from experience to interpretation to evaluation -- and an emphasis on making connections between texts and thinking critically about literature. Known for its clear presentation of the formal elements of literature and literary analysis, this anthology effectively balances classic, modern, and contemporary works across the three major genres, blending well-known writers with a diverse gathering of newer, international figures. This literary breadth is supplemented by extensive coverage of writing about literature, making this book an excellent text for introduction to literature courses as well as literature-based composition courses.

Table of Contents

About the Author	iii
Brief Contents	vii
Preface	xxxvii
INTRODUCTION: LITERATURE: READING, WRITING, AND CRITICAL THINKING	1	(24)
Critical Thinking and the Pleasures of Literature	1	(9)
The Pleasures of Fiction	2	(1)
Thinking Critically about a Story	2	(1)
Learning to Be Silent	3	(2)
Critical Thinking and Contexts: Learning to Be Silent	5	(1)
The Pleasures of Poetry	5	(1)
Thinking Critically about a Poem	6	(1)
Robert Frost Dust of Snow	6	(1)
Critical Thinking and Contexts: Dust of Snow	7	(1)
The Pleasures of Drama	8	(1)
Drama and Imaginative Thinking	8	(1)
Critical Thinking and Oprah's Book Club: An Exercise	9	(1)
Approaching Literature with Critical Thinking: Experience, Interpretation, Evaluation	10	(2)
Critical Thinking and Context: Hemingway's Sketch	12	(1)
Critical Thinking and Writing about Literature	12	(13)
Reasons for Writing about Literature	13	(1)
Ways of Writing about Literature	13	(4)
The Writing Process	17	(2)
Stephen Crane War Is Kind	19	(1)
Ironic Contrasts in Crane's War Is Kind	20	(1)
War at Home and on the Battlefield	21	(4)
PART ONE FICTION	25	(2)
READING AND WRITING ABOUT FICTION	27	(103)
Reading Stories	27	(16)
Luke The Prodigal Son	27	(1)
The Experience of Fiction	28	(1)
The Interpretation of Fiction	29	(2)
Reading in Context	30	(1)
The Evaluation of Fiction	31	(6)
John Updike A & P	32	(5)
The Act of Reading Fiction	37	(6)
Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour	38	(5)
Types of Short Fiction	43	(6)
Early Forms: Parable, Fable, and Tale	43	(3)
Aesop The Wolf and the Mastiff	44	(1)
Petronius The Widow of Ephesus	44	(2)
The Short Story	46	(1)
The Nonrealistic Story	47	(1)
The Short Novel	47	(2)
Elements of Fiction	49	(62)
Plot and Structure	49	(10)
Frank O'Connor Guests of the Nation	51	(8)
Character	59	(7)
Kay Boyle Astronomer's Wife	62	(4)
Setting	66	(11)
Bobbie Ann Mason Shiloh	67	(10)
Point of View	77	(8)
William Faulkner A Rose for Emily	79	(6)
Language and Style	85	(5)
James Joyce Araby	86	(4)
Theme	90	(7)
Eudora Welty A Worn Path	91	(6)
Irony and Symbol	97	(14)
Irony	97	(2)
Symbol	99	(1)
D. H. Lawrence The Rocking-Horse Winner	100	(11)
Writing about Fiction	111	(19)
Reasons for Writing about Fiction	111	(1)
Informal Ways of Writing about Fiction	111	(5)
Annotation	112	(1)
Katherine Anne Porter Magic	112	(3)
Freewriting	115	(1)
Formal Ways of Writing About Fiction	116	(14)
Student Papers on Fiction	117	(8)
Questions for Writing About Fiction	125	(2)
Suggestions for Writing	127	(3)
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT FICTION	130	(189)
Three Fiction Writers in Context	130	(130)
Reading Edgar Allan Poe, Flannery O'Connor, and Sandra Cisneros in Depth	130	(2)
Edgar Allan Poe in Context	132	(5)
Poe and Journalism	132	(1)
Poe and the Horror Story	133	(1)
Poe and the Detective Story	134	(1)
The Dimension of Style	135	(2)
Edgar Allan Poe: Stories	137	(38)
The Black Cat	137	(7)
The Cask of Amontillado	144	(5)
The Fall of the House of Usher	149	(13)
The Purloined Letter	162	(13)
Edgar Allan Poe: Essays	175	(3)
The Short Story	175	(1)
True Poetry	176	(1)
The Imp of the Perverse	177	(1)
Critics on Poe	178	(6)
Daniel Hoffman On ``The Purloined Letter''	178	(2)
Christopher Benfey On ``The Black Cat'' and ``The Tell-Tale Heart''	180	(1)
Louise J. Kaplan On ``The Fall of the House of Usher''	181	(2)
David S. Reynolds On ``The Cask of Amontillado''	183	(1)
Flannery O'Connor in Context	184	(4)
Southern Gothic	185	(1)
The Catholic Dimension	185	(1)
O'Connor's Irony	186	(2)
Flannery O'Connor: Stories	188	(44)
Good Country People	188	(14)
A Good Man Is Hard to Find	202	(11)
Everything That Rises Must Converge	213	(10)
The Life You Save May Be Your Own	223	(9)
Flannery O'Connor: Essays and Letters	232	(3)
On Symbol and Theme	232	(1)
From a letter to Dr. T. R. Spivey, May 25, 1959, On ``A Good Man Is Hard to Find''	233	(1)
From a letter to a Professor of English, March 28, 1961, On ``A Good Man Is Hard to Find''	233	(1)
On ``Good Country People''	233	(2)
Critics on O'Connor	235	(3)
Frederick Asals On ``A Good Man Is Hard to Find''	235	(1)
Kathleen Feeley On ``Good Country People''	236	(1)
Dorothy Tuck Mcfarland On ``Everything That Rises Must Converge''	237	(1)
Sandra Cisneros in Context	238	(3)
Culture and Identity	238	(1)
Literature of the American Southwest	239	(1)
The Feminist Dimension	239	(2)
Sandra Cisneros: Stories	241	(13)
Eleven	241	(2)
Barbie-Q	243	(2)
There Was a Man, There Was a Woman	245	(1)
Woman Hollering Creek	246	(8)
Cisneros on Herself	254	(3)
Becoming a Latina Writer	254	(2)
On Writing	256	(1)
Critics on Cisneros	257	(3)
Jeff Thompson On Identity in Cisneros	257	(1)
Robin Ganz On Woman Hollering Creek	258	(2)
Literary Nonfiction	260	(44)
What Is Literary Nonfiction?	260	(1)
An Album of Literary Nonfiction	261	(43)
Rick Bragg 100 miles per hour, upside down and sideways	261	(4)
Judith Ortiz Cofer Silent Dancing	265	(7)
Annie Dillard Living Like Weasels	272	(4)
Mary Karr From The Liars' Club	276	(5)
Chang-Rae Lee Coming Home Again	281	(8)
James McBride Shul/School	289	(11)
Zadie Smith Times Five	300	(4)
Envisioning Narrative	304	(15)
Visual Stories	304	(1)
An Album of Visual Narratives	305	(14)
Charles Schulz Peanuts	306	(2)
Marjane Satrapi The Veil	308	(4)
Rachel Masilamani Two Kinds of People	312	(7)
AN ANTHOLOGY OF SHORT FICTION	319	(442)
A Collection of Contemporary Fiction	319	(53)
Sherman Alexie Indian Education	320	(5)
T. C. Boyle After the Plague	325	(15)
Gish Jen Who's Irish?	340	(8)
Jhumpa Lahiri Hell-Heaven	348	(14)
Maile Meloy Ranch Girl	362	(5)
Carol Shields Dressing Up for the Carnival	367	(5)
A Selection of World Fiction	372	(43)
Chinua Achebe Marriage Is a Private Affair	373	(5)
Jorge Luis Borges The Garden of Forking Paths	378	(7)
Ha Jin Taking a Husband	385	(12)
Jamaica Kincaid Girl	397	(2)
Gabriel Garcia Marquez A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings	399	(5)
Isaac Bashevis Singer Gimpel the Fool	404	(11)
For Further Reading	415	(346)
Julia Alvarez The Kiss	416	(8)
Margaret Atwood Happy Endings	424	(3)
Toni Cade Bambara The Lesson	427	(6)
James Baldwin Sonny's Blues	433	(22)
Raymond Carver Cathedral	455	(11)
Anton Chekhov The Lady with the Little Dog	466	(11)
Kate Chopin The Storm	477	(5)
Stephen Crane The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky	482	(9)
Andre Dubus Killings	491	(13)
Ralph Ellison Battle Royal	504	(11)
William Faulkner Barn Burning	515	(12)
F. Scott Fitzgerald Babylon Revisited	527	(15)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Yellow Wallpaper	542	(11)
Nathaniel Hawthorne Young Goodman Brown	553	(10)
Ernest Hemingway Hills Like White Elephants	563	(4)
Zora Neale Hurston Spunk	567	(5)
Shirley Jackson The Lottery	572	(7)
James Joyce The Boarding House	579	(5)
James Joyce The Dead	584	(28)
Franz Kafka The Metamorphosis	612	(30)
Katherine Mansfield Bliss	642	(10)
Lorrie Moore How to Become a Writer	652	(6)
Alice Munro Friend of My Youth	658	(14)
Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?	672	(12)
Tim O'Brien The Things They Carried	684	(13)
Frank O'Connor My Oedipus Complex	697	(9)
Tillie Olsen I Stand Here Ironing	706	(6)
Katherine Anne Porter The Jilting of Granny Weatherall	712	(7)
Leslie Silko Yellow Woman	719	(7)
John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums	726	(8)
Amy Tan Rules of the Game	734	(9)
Alice Walker Everyday Use	743	(7)
Eudora Welty Why I Live at the P.O.	750	(11)
PART TWO POETRY	761	(2)
READING AND WRITING ABOUT POETRY	763	(99)
Reading Poems	763	(12)
The Experience of Poetry	764	(1)
Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays	764	(1)
The Interpretation of Poetry	765	(4)
Robert Frost Stopping by the Woods On a Snowy Evening	767	(2)
The Evaluation of Poetry	769	(3)
Gwendolyn Brooks A Song in the Front Yard	771	(1)
The Act of Reading Poetry	772	(3)
Theodore Roethke My Papa's Waltz	773	(2)
Types of Poetry	775	(4)
Narrative Poetry	775	(2)
Lyric Poetry	777	(2)
Elements of Poetry	779	(64)
Voice: Speaker and Tone	779	(8)
Stephen Crane War Is Kind	780	(1)
Robert Browning My Last Duchess	781	(2)
Muriel Stuart In the Orchard	783	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins [Thou art indeed just, Lord]	784	(1)
Anonymous Western Wind	785	(1)
Henry Reed Naming of Parts	785	(1)
Randall Jarrell The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner	786	(1)
Diction	787	(6)
William Wordsworth [I wandered lonely as a cloud]	788	(2)
Edwin Arlington Robinson Miniver Cheevy	790	(2)
William Wordsworth It is a beauteous evening	792	(1)
Robert Herrick Delight in Disorder	792	(1)
Imagery	793	(6)
Elizabeth Bishop First Death in Nova Scotia	794	(2)
William Butler Yeats The Lake Isle of Innisfree	796	(1)
Robert Browning Meeting at Night	797	(1)
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle) Heat	797	(1)
Thomas Hardy Neutral Tones	798	(1)
Figures of Speech: Simile and Metaphor	799	(5)
William Shakespeare That time of year thou may'st in me behold	800	(1)
John Donne Hymn to God the Father	801	(1)
Robert Wallace The Double Play	802	(1)
Louis Simpson The Battle	803	(1)
Judith Wright Woman to Child	804	(1)
Symbolism and Allegory	804	(6)
Peter Meinke Advice to My Son	805	(2)
Christina Rossetti Up-Hill	807	(1)
William Blake A Poison Tree	807	(1)
Robert Frost The Road Not Taken	808	(1)
George Herbert Virtue	809	(1)
Emily Dickinson Because I could not stop for Death	810	(1)
Syntax	810	(7)
John Donne The Sun Rising	811	(2)
Thomas Hardy The Man He Killed	813	(1)
William Butler Yeats An Irish Airman Foresees His Death	814	(1)
Robert Frost The Silken Tent	815	(1)
e. e. cummings ``Me up at does''	816	(1)
Stevie Smith Mother, among the Dustbins	816	(1)
Sound: Rhyme, Alliteration, Assonance	817	(7)
Gerard Manley Hopkins In the Valley of the Elwy	819	(1)
Thomas Hardy During Wind and Rain	820	(1)
Alexander Pope Sound and Sense	821	(1)
Bob McKenty Adam's Song	822	(1)
May Swenson The Universe	823	(1)
Helen Chasin The Word Plum	824	(1)
Rhythm and Meter	824	(8)
Robert Frost The Span of Life	825	(3)
Metrical Variation	828	(2)
George Gordon, Lord Byron The Destruction of Sennacherib	830	(1)
Anne Sexton Her Kind	831	(1)
William Carlos Williams The Red Wheelbarrow	831	(1)
Structure: Closed Form and Open Form	832	(9)
John Keats On First Looking into Chapman's Homer	833	(1)
Walt Whitman When I heard the learn'd astronomer	834	(1)
e.e. cummings 1(a	835	(1)
e.e. cummings [Buffalo Bill's]	836	(1)
William Carlos Williams The Dance	837	(1)
Denise Levertov O Taste and See	838	(1)
Theodore Roethke The Waking	838	(1)
Christine K. Molito Reflections in Black & Blue	839	(1)
C. P. Cavafy The City	840	(1)
Theme	841	(2)
Emily Dickinson Crumbling is not an instant's Act	841	(2)
Writing about Poetry	843	(19)
Reasons for Writing about Poetry	843	(1)
Informal Ways of Writing about Poetry	843	(3)
Annotation	844	(1)
Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays	844	(1)
Freewriting	844	(1)
Robert Graves Symptoms of Love	845	(1)
Formal Ways of Writing about Poetry	846	(16)
Sylvia Plath Mirror	847	(1)
Student Papers on Poetry	848	(1)
A Paper That Compares Two Versions of a Poem	849	(9)
Questions for Writing about Poetry	858	(1)
Suggestions for Writing	859	(3)
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT POETRY	862	(165)
Transformations	862	(41)
Revisions	862	(10)
William Blake London	863	(3)
William Butler Yeats A Dream of Death	866	(1)
Emily Dickinson The Wind begun to knead the Grass	867	(1)
D. H. Lawrence The Piano	868	(3)
Langston Hughes Ballad of Booker T.	871	(1)
Parodies	872	(3)
William Carlos Williams This Is Just to Say	872	(1)
Kenneth Koch Variations on a Theme by William Carlos Williams	873	(1)
William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?	874	(1)
Howard Moss Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?	874	(1)
Robert Frost Dust of Snow	875	(1)
Bob McKenty Snow on Frost	875	(1)
Translations	875	(9)
Catullus Vivamus, mea Lesbia, et amemus (We should live, my Lesbia, and love)	876	(1)
Francesco Petrarca S' amor non e, che dunque e quel ch' io sento? (If it's not love, then what is it I feel?)	877	(2)
Rainer Maria Rilke Der Panther (The Panther)	879	(2)
Guillaume Apollinaire Le Pont Mirabeau (Mirabeau Bridge)	881	(2)
Juan Ramon Jimenez Nocturno Sonado (Dream Nocturne)	883	(1)
Responses (Point-Counterpoint)	884	(8)
Christopher Marlowe The Passionate Shepherd to His Love	884	(1)
Sir Walter Raleigh The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd	885	(1)
William Shakespeare Not marble, nor the gilded monuments	886	(1)
Archibald MaCleish ``Not Marble Nor the Gilded Monuments''	886	(1)
William Blake The Chimney Sweeper (Innocence)	887	(1)
The Chimney Sweeper (Experience)	888	(1)
Matthew Arnold Dover Beach	889	(1)
Anthony Hecht The Dover Bitch: a Criticism of Life	890	(1)
William Carlos Williams Queen-Ann's-Lace	891	(1)
Anne C. Coon Queen Anne's Lace	891	(1)
Adaptations (Poetry and Song)	892	(11)
From Ecclesiastes: 3.1--8 To Everything There Is a Season	893	(1)
Pete Seeger Turn! Turn! Turn!	893	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson Richard Cory	894	(1)
Paul Simon Richard Cory	895	(1)
Langston Hughes Dream Deferred	896	(1)
Same in Blues	896	(1)
Woody Guthrie This Land Is Your Land	897	(1)
Bessie Smith Lost Your Head Blues	898	(1)
Lonnelle Johnson No Mo' Blues	899	(1)
Sonia Sanchez Blues	900	(1)
John Newton Amazing Grace	900	(1)
Don McLean Vincent	901	(2)
Envisioning Poetry	903	(4)
Poems and Paintings	903	(4)
Vincent van Gogh The Starry Night
Anne Sexton The Starry Night
Francisco de Goya The Third of May, 1808
David Gewanter Goya's ``The Third of May, 1808''
Pieter Breughel the Elder Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
W. H. Auden Musee des Beaux Arts
William Carlos Williams Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
William Blake The Sick Rose
Henri Matisse Dance
Natalie Safir Matisse's Dance
Jan Vermeer Young Woman with a Water Jug
Stephen Mitchell Vermeer
Marcel Duchamp Nude Descending a Staircase
X. J. Kennedy Nude Descending a Staircase
Rembrandt van Rijn The Return of the Prodigal Son
Elizabeth Bishop The Prodigal
Utamaro Girl Powdering Her Neck
Cathy Song Girl Powdering Her Neck
Romare Bearden At Five in the Afternoon
Federico Garcia Lorca Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias
Giorgio de Chirico The Melancholy and Mystery of a Street
Roy Jacobstein The Mystery and the Melancholy of the Street
Lun-Yi Tsai Disbelief
Lucille Clifton tuesday 9/11/01
Three Poets in Context	907	(120)
Reading Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, and Langston Hughes in Depth	907	(2)
Emily Dickinson in Context	909	(5)
The Nineteenth-Century New England Literary Scene	909	(1)
Dickinson and Modern Poetry	910	(1)
Dickinson and Christianity	911	(1)
Dickinson's Style	911	(1)
Emily Dickinson I cannot dance upon my Toes	912	(1)
Emily Dickinson The Soul selects her own Society	912	(2)
Emily Dickinson: Poems	914	(28)
Success is counted sweetest	914	(1)
Surgeons must be very careful	914	(1)
These are the days when Birds come back---	914	(1)
Water, is taught by thirst	915	(1)
``Faith'' is a fine invention	915	(1)
I'm ``wife''---I've finished that	916	(1)
I taste a liquor never brewed	917	(1)
I like a look of Agony	918	(1)
Wild Nights---Wild Nights!	918	(1)
I can wade Grief	919	(1)
There's a certain Slant of light	919	(1)
I felt a Funeral, in my Brain	920	(1)
I'm Nobody! Who are you?	920	(1)
Some keep the Sabbath going to Church	921	(1)
A Bird came down the Walk	921	(1)
After great pain, a formal feeling comes	922	(1)
I dreaded that first Robin, so	923	(1)
Dare you see a Soul at the White Heat?	924	(1)
We grow accustomed to the Dark	925	(1)
Much Madness is divinest Sense	925	(1)
This was a Poet---It is That	925	(1)
I died for Beauty---but was scarce	926	(1)
I heard a Fly buzz---when I died	926	(1)
``Why do I love'' You, Sir?	927	(1)
This World is not Conclusion	927	(1)
I'm ceded---I've stopped being Theirs	928	(1)
The Soul has Bandaged moments	928	(1)
The Heart asks Pleasure---first	929	(1)
I reckon---when I count at all	929	(1)
I like to see it lap the Miles	930	(1)
There is a pain---so utter	930	(1)
The Brain---is wider than the sky	931	(1)
Pain---has an Element of Blank	931	(1)
I dwell in Possibility	931	(1)
``Nature'' is what we see	932	(1)
Remorse---is Memory---awake	933	(1)
My Life had stood---a Loaded Gun	934	(1)
A narrow Fellow in the Grass	934	(1)
Further in Summer than the Birds	935	(1)
The Bustle in a House	936	(1)
The last Night that She lived	936	(2)
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant	938	(1)
A Spider sewed at Night	939	(1)
A Route of Evanescence	939	(1)
Apparently with no surprise	939	(1)
Volcanoes be in Sicily	940	(1)
My life closed twice before its close	941	(1)
Three Dickinson Poems with Altered Punctuation	942	(1)
Poems Inspired by Dickinson	943	(4)
Jane Kenyon Notes from the Other Side	943	(1)
Jane Hirshfield Three Times My Life Has Opened	944	(1)
Billy Collins Taking Off Emily Dickinson's Clothes	944	(2)
Francis Heaney Skinny Domicile	946	(1)
Linda Pastan Emily Dickinson	946	(1)
Dickinson on Herself and Her First Poems	947	(1)
Letter to Thomas Higginson	947	(1)
Critics on Dickinson	948	(5)
Allen Tate Dickinson and Knowledge	948	(1)
Judith Farr On ``Wild Nights''	949	(2)
Allen Tate On ``Because I Could Not Stop for Death''	951	(1)
Helen Mcneil Dickinson's Method	952	(1)
Robert Frost in Context	953	(5)
Frost and Popularity	954	(2)
Frost and Nature	956	(1)
Frost and the Sonnet	956	(2)
Frost's Voices	958	(1)
Robert Frost: Poems	958	(21)
The Tuft of Flowers	958	(2)
Mending Wall	960	(1)
Birches	961	(2)
Home Burial	963	(4)
After Apple-Picking	967	(1)
Putting in the Seed	968	(1)
Two Look at Two	968	(2)
Fire and Ice	970	(1)
Nothing Gold Can Stay	971	(1)
Acquainted with the Night	972	(1)
Tree at my Window	973	(1)
Departmental	974	(1)
Design	975	(1)
Desert Places	976	(1)
Provide, Provide	977	(2)
Poets Inspired by Frost	979	(4)
Edward Thomas When First	979	(1)
W.S. Merwin Unknown Bird	979	(2)
Seamus Heaney The Forge	981	(1)
Neal Bowers Driving Lessons	981	(2)
Critical Comments by Frost	983	(2)
From ``The Figure a Poem Makes''	983	(1)
From ``The Constant Symbol''	984	(1)
From ``The Unmade Word, Or Fetching and Far-Fetching''	985	(1)
Critics on Frost	985	(4)
William Pritchard On ``Stopping by Woods''	985	(1)
Richard Poirier On ``Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening''	986	(1)
Richard Poirier On ``Mending Wall''	987	(1)
Yvor Winters Robert Frost: Or, the Spiritual Drifter as Poet	988	(1)
Langston Hughes in Context	989	(5)
The Harlem Renaissance	989	(2)
Hughes and Music	991	(1)
Hughes's Influences	992	(1)
Hughes's Style	992	(2)
Langston Hughes: Poems	994	(21)
Dream Deferred	994	(1)
The Negro Speaks of Rivers	995	(1)
Mother to Son	995	(1)
I, Too	996	(2)
My People	998	(1)
Dream Variations	998	(1)
Song for a Dark Girl	999	(1)
Young Gal's Blues	1000	(1)
The Weary Blues	1001	(1)
Morning After	1001	(1)
Trumpet Player	1002	(1)
Dream Boogie	1003	(2)
Ballad of the Landlord	1005	(1)
Madam and the Rent Man	1006	(1)
When Sue Wears Red	1007	(1)
Listen Here Blues	1008	(1)
Consider Me	1008	(1)
Theme for English B	1009	(2)
Aunt Sue's Stories	1011	(1)
Madrid---1937	1011	(2)
Let America Be America Again	1013	(1)
I'm Still Here	1014	(1)
Poets Inspired by Hughes	1015	(4)
Rita Dove Testimonial	1015	(1)
Michael S. Harper Martin's Blues	1016	(1)
Dudley Randall The Ballad of Birmingham	1016	(1)
Kevin Young Langston Hughes	1017	(2)
Hughes on Harlem, The Blues	1019	(2)
A Toast to Harlem	1019	(1)
I Remember the Blues	1020	(1)
Critics on Hughes	1021	(6)
Arnold Rampersad Langston Hughes as Folk Poet	1021	(1)
Onwuchekwa Jemie Hughes and the Evolution of Consciousness in Black Poetry	1022	(1)
Richard K. Barksdale On Hughes's ``Ballad of the Landlord''	1023	(1)
Onwuchekwa Jemie On ``The Negro Speaks of Rivers''	1024	(1)
James A. Emanuel On ``Trumpet Player''	1025	(2)
AN ANTHOLOGY OF POEMS	1027	(218)
A Selection of Contemporary Poetry	1027	(14)
Billy Collins Sonnet	1027	(1)
Jennifer Ritter-Compasso All I Hear Is Silence	1028	(1)
Wendy Cope The Ted Williams Villanelle (for Ari Badaines)	1029	(1)
Doretta Cornell Steady as Any Ship My Father	1030	(1)
Mark Doty Golden Retrievals	1031	(1)
Bart Edelman Had You Not	1032	(1)
Deborah Garrison A Working Girl Can't Win	1033	(2)
Jane Kenyon Peonies at Dusk	1035	(1)
Ted Kooser A Spiral Notebook	1035	(2)
Taylor Mali Like Lilly Like Wilson	1037	(2)
Krishna Tateneni Valentine for Amy	1039	(2)
A Selection of World Poetry	1041	(14)
Anna Akhmatova (Russia) From Requiem 1935-1940	1041	(3)
Bella Akhmadulina (Russia) The Bride	1044	(1)
Yehuda Amichai (Israel) A Pity. We Were Such a Good Invention	1045	(1)
Chairil Anwar (Indonesia) At the Mosque	1045	(1)
Matsuo Basho (Japan) Three Haiku	1046	(1)
Rosario Castellanos (Mexico) Chess	1046	(1)
Bernard Binlin Dadie. . . (Ivory Coast) I Give You Thanks My God	1047	(1)
Faiz Ahmed Faiz (Pakistan) Before You Came	1048	(1)
Eugenio Montale (Italy) The Eel	1048	(1)
Pablo Neruda (Chile) Ode to My Socks	1049	(2)
Boris Pasternak (Russia) Hamlet	1051	(1)
Octavio Paz (Mexico) The Street	1052	(1)
Wole Soyinka (Nigeria) Hamlet	1052	(1)
Wislawa Szymborska (Poland) The Acrobat	1053	(1)
Derek Walcott (Caribbean) House of Umbrage	1053	(2)
For Further Reading	1055	(170)
Sherman Alexie Indian Boy Love Song (#1)	1055	(1)
Indian Boy Love Song (#2)	1056	(1)
Anonymous Barbara Allan	1056	(1)
Anonymous Edward, Edward	1057	(2)
Margaret Atwood This Is a Photograph of Me	1059	(1)
Spelling	1060	(1)
W. H. Auden The Unknown Citizen	1061	(1)
In Memory of W. B. Yeats	1062	(2)
Funeral Blues	1064	(1)
September 1, 1939	1065	(2)
Jimmy Santiago Baca From Meditations on the South Valley	1067	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop Sestina	1068	(1)
One Art	1069	(1)
The Fish	1069	(2)
William Blake The Clod & the Pebble	1071	(1)
The Lamb	1072	(1)
The Tyger	1072	(1)
The Garden of Love	1073	(1)
Eavan Boland Anorexic	1073	(2)
David Bottoms Sign for My Father, Who Stressed the Bunt	1075	(1)
Neal Bowers Driving Lessons	1075	(2)
Anne Bradstreet To My Dear and Loving Husband	1077	(1)
Edward Kamau Brathwaite Ogoun	1077	(2)
Gwendolyn Brooks We Real Cool	1079	(1)
First fight. Then fiddle	1079	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? Let me count the ways	1080	(1)
Robert Burns A Red, Red Rose	1080	(1)
Thomas Campion There Is a Garden in Her Face	1081	(1)
Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) Jabberwocky	1081	(1)
Raymond Carver Photograph of My Father in His Twenty-second Year	1082	(1)
Sandra Cisneros Pumpkin Eater	1083	(1)
Lucille Clifton Homage to My Hips	1084	(1)
Judith Ortiz Cofer The Game	1084	(2)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge Kubla Khan	1086	(1)
Billy Collins Introduction to Poetry	1087	(1)
The History Teacher	1088	(1)
My Number	1088	(1)
The Listener	1089	(1)
Gregory Corso Marriage	1090	(3)
Joseph Coulson After the Move	1093	(1)
Countee Cullen Incident	1094	(1)
e.e. cummings anyone lived in a pretty how town	1094	(1)
i thank You God for most this amazing	1095	(1)
John Donne Song: Go and catch a Palling star	1096	(1)
The Canonization	1097	(1)
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning	1098	(1)
The Flea	1099	(1)
Death, be not proud	1100	(1)
Batter my heart, three-personed God	1100	(1)
Rita Dove Canary	1101	(1)
Paul Laurence Dunbar We Wear the Mask	1101	(1)
T.S. Eliot The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock	1102	(4)
Louise Erdrich Indian Boarding School: The Runaways	1106	(1)
Lawrence Ferlinghetti Constantly Risking Absurdity	1106	(1)
Carolyn Forche The Memory of Elena	1107	(1)
Nikki Giovanni Ego Tripping	1108	(2)
Nikki Rosa	1110	(1)
Louise Gluck The School Children	1111	(1)
George Gordon, Lord Byron She walks in beauty	1111	(1)
Donald Hall My son, my executioner	1112	(1)
Kicking the Leaves	1112	(3)
Thomas Hardy The Ruined Maid	1115	(1)
Channel Firing	1116	(1)
Joy Harjo Eagle Poem	1117	(1)
Robert Hass Meditation at Lagunitas	1118	(1)
Robert Hayden Frederick Douglass	1119	(1)
Seamus Heaney Digging	1119	(1)
Mid-Term Break	1120	(1)
George Herbert The Altar	1121	(1)
Robert Herrick Upon Julia's Clothes	1122	(1)
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time	1122	(1)
Edward Hirsch Fast Break	1123	(1)
Garrett Hongo What For	1124	(2)
Gerard Manley Hopkins God's Grandeur	1126	(1)
The Windhover	1126	(1)
Pied Beauty	1127	(1)
Spring and Fall: to a Young Child	1127	(1)
A. E. Housman When I was one-and-twenty	1128	(1)
To an Athlete Dying Young	1128	(1)
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey The soote season	1129	(1)
Andrew Hudgins Elegy for My Father, Who Is Not Dead	1130	(1)
Ben Jonson On My First Son	1130	(1)
Song: To Celia	1131	(1)
John Keats When I have fears that I may cease to be	1131	(1)
La Belle Dame sans Merci	1132	(1)
The Eve of St. Agnes	1133	(10)
Ode on a Grecian Urn	1143	(2)
Ode to a Nightingale	1145	(2)
Jane Kenyon Otherwise	1147	(1)
Let Evening Come	1148	(1)
Galway Kinnell Blackberry Eating	1148	(1)
Yusef Komunyakaa Facing It	1149	(1)
Philip Larkin A Study of Reading Habits	1149	(1)
D. H. Lawrence Snake	1150	(2)
When I read Shakespeare	1152	(1)
Li-Young Lee I Ask My Mother to Sing	1153	(1)
Michael Longley The Butchers	1153	(1)
Robert Lowell Skunk Hour	1154	(2)
Audre Lorde Hanging Fire	1156	(1)
Archibald Macleish Ars Poetica	1157	(1)
Andrew Marvell To His Coy Mistress	1158	(2)
Claude McKay The Tropics in New York	1160	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed	1160	(1)
Czeslaw Milosz Encounter	1161	(1)
John Milton When I consider how my light is spent	1161	(1)
Marianne Moore Poetry	1162	(1)
Paul Muldoon Hedgehog	1163	(1)
Sharon Olds Size and Sheer Will	1164	(1)
Rite of Passage	1164	(1)
35/10	1165	(1)
Mary Oliver Poem for My Father's Ghost	1165	(1)
Wilfred Owen Dulce et Decorum Est	1166	(1)
Robert F. Panara On His Deafness	1167	(1)
Linda Pastan Ethics	1168	(1)
Marge Piercy A Work of Artifice	1169	(1)
Robert Pinsky Dying	1169	(1)
Sylvia Plath Blackberrying	1170	(1)
Metaphors	1171	(1)
Morning Song	1172	(1)
Edgar Allan Poe To Helen	1172	(1)
The Raven	1173	(3)
Alexander Pope from An Essay on Man	1176	(1)
Ezra Pound In a Station of the Metro	1176	(1)
The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter	1177	(1)
Craig Raine A Martian Sends a Postcard Home	1178	(1)
Rainer Maria Rilke [1875-1926] The Cadet Picture of My Father	1179	(1)
Alberto Rios A Dream of Husbands	1179	(1)
Theodore Roethke Elegy for Jane	1180	(1)
Root Cellar	1181	(1)
Kraft Rompf Waiting Table	1181	(1)
Siegfried Sassoon ``They''	1182	(1)
Mary Jo Salter Welcome to Hiroshima	1183	(1)
Sonia Sanchez Towhomitmayconcern	1184	(1)
Anne Sexton Two Hands	1185	(1)
William Shakespeare When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes	1186	(1)
Let me not to the marriage of true minds	1186	(1)
Th' expense of spirit in a waste of shame	1187	(1)
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun	1187	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley Ozymandias	1188	(1)
Cathy Song Lost Sister	1188	(2)
Gary Soto Behind Grandma's House	1190	(1)
Edmund Spenser One day I wrote her name upon the strand	1191	(1)
William Stafford Traveling through the dark	1191	(1)
Wallace Stevens Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird	1192	(2)
Disillusionment of Ten o'clock	1194	(1)
May Swenson Strawberrying	1194	(1)
Women	1195	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Ulysses	1196	(2)
The Eagle: A Fragment	1198	(1)
Dylan Thomas Fern Hill	1198	(2)
Do not go gentle into that good night	1200	(1)
Jean Toomer Song of the Son	1200	(1)
Reapers	1201	(1)
Ellen Bryant Voigt Two Trees	1201	(1)
Walt Whitman One's Self I Sing	1202	(1)
A noiseless patient spider	1203	(1)
Crossing Brooklyn Ferry	1203	(4)
Richard Wilbur The Death of a Toad	1207	(1)
C. K. Williams Invisible Mending	1208	(1)
William Carlos Williams Spring and All	1209	(1)
Danse Russe	1210	(1)
The Young Housewife	1211	(1)
William Wordsworth The world is too much with us	1211	(1)
The Solitary Reaper	1212	(1)
Lines, Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey	1212	(4)
Baron Wormser Friday Night	1216	(1)
James Wright Lying in a Hammock a William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota	1217	(1)
A Blessing	1217	(1)
Thomas Wyatt They flee from me	1218	(1)
William Butler Yeats The Second Coming	1219	(1)
The Wild Swans at Coole	1219	(1)
Leda and the Swan	1220	(1)
Sailing to Byzantium	1221	(1)
A Coat	1222	(1)
The Scholars	1222	(1)
When you are old	1223	(1)
Adam's Curse	1223	(2)
Lives of Poets	1225	(20)
PART THREE DRAMA	1245	(2)
READING AND WRITING ABOUT DRAMA	1247	(601)
Reading Plays	1247	(18)
The Experience of Drama	1249	(11)
Isabella Augusta Persse, Lady Gregory The Rising of the Moon	1252	(8)
The Interpretation of Drama	1260	(2)
The Evaluation of Drama	1262	(3)
Types of Drama	1265	(3)
Tragedy	1265	(1)
Comedy	1266	(2)
Elements of Drama	1268	(16)
Plot	1268	(2)
Character	1270	(3)
Dialogue	1273	(4)
Subtext	1276	(1)
Staging	1277	(3)
Symbolism and Irony	1280	(2)
Irony	1281	(1)
Theme	1282	(2)
Writing about Drama	1284	(18)
Reasons For Writing about Drama	1284	(1)
Informal Ways of Writing about Drama	1284	(4)
Annotation	1285	(2)
Double-Column Notebook	1287	(1)
Formal Ways of Writing about Drama	1288	(14)
Student Papers on Drama	1289	(3)
Two papers on Oedipus the King	1292	(5)
Questions for Writing About Drama	1297	(1)
Questions for In-Depth Reading	1298	(1)
Suggestions for Writing	1299	(3)
The Greek Theater: Sophocles in Context	1302	(85)
Reading Sophocles in Context	1302	(5)
Athens in the Golden Age	1302	(1)
Greek Tragedy	1303	(1)
Sophocles and His Works	1304	(2)
Oedipus the King	1306	(1)
Sophocles: Plays	1307	(71)
Oedipus Rex	1307	(40)
Antigone	1347	(31)
Critics on Sophocles	1378	(9)
Aristotle The Six Elements of Tragedy	1378	(1)
Simple and Complex Plots	1379	(1)
Sigmund Freud The Oedipus Complex	1380	(2)
Bernard Knox Sophocles' Oedipus	1382	(2)
Adrian Poole Oedipus and Athens	1384	(2)
George Steiner Principal Constants of Conflict in Antigone	1386	(1)
The Elizabethan Theater: Shakespeare in Context	1387	(276)
Reading Shakespeare in Context	1387	(4)
London in the Age of Elizabeth	1387	(1)
The Arts in the Age of Elizabeth	1388	(1)
Stagecraft in the Elizabethan Age	1388	(1)
Shakespeare and His Works	1389	(2)
Shakespeare: Plays	1391	(258)
A Midsummer Night's Dream	1391	(63)
The Tragedy of Othello	1454	(90)
Hamlet, Prince of Denmark	1544	(105)
Critics on Shakespeare	1649	(14)
Russ McDonald from Introduction to Midsummer Night's Dream	1649	(2)
Joseph Summer from Dreams of Love and Power	1651	(2)
Adrian Poole Hamlet and Oedipus	1653	(1)
John Ashworth Olivier, Freud, and Hamlet	1654	(1)
Maynard Mack The Readiness Is All: Hamlet	1655	(4)
Carolyn Heilbrun The Character of Hamlet's Mother	1659	(1)
A. D. Nuttal Othello	1660	(1)
Maurice Charney Shakespeare's Villains	1661	(2)
The Modern Realistic Theater: Ibsen in Context	1663	(54)
Reading Ibsen in Context	1663	(54)
Realism	1663	(1)
A Note on the Theater of the Absurd	1664	(1)
Ibsen, Exile, and Change	1665	(1)
Henrik Ibsen A Doll House	1666	(51)
Envisioning Drama: Williams and Miller in Performance	1717	(131)
Envisioning The Glass Menagerie	1717	(57)
Tennessee Williams Production Notes to The Glass Menagerie	1718	(4)
Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie	1722	(52)
Envisioning Death of A Salesman	1774	(74)
Jo Mielziner Notes	1774	(3)
Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman	1777	(71)
AN ANTHOLOGY OF PLAYS	1848	(269)
A Collection of Modern Drama	1848	(133)
Anton Chekhov A Marriage Proposal	1849	(9)
Susan Glaspell Trifles	1858	(12)
Lorraine Hansberry A Raisin in the Sun	1870	(67)
Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest	1937	(44)
A Collection of Contemporary Plays	1981	(136)
David Henry Hwang M. Butterfly	1982	(51)
David Ives Sure Thing	2033	(10)
Milcha Sanchez-Scott The Cuban Swimmer	2043	(14)
Wendy Wasserstein Tender Offer	2057	(6)
August Wilson Fences	2063	(54)
PART FOUR RESEARCH AND CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES	2117
Writing with Sources	2119	(34)
Why Do Research about Literature?	2119	(1)
Clarifying the Assignment	2120	(1)
Selecting a Topic	2120	(1)
Finding and Using Sources	2121	(1)
Using Computerized Databases	2122	(2)
Using the Internet for Research	2124	(2)
Searching Tips	2124	(1)
Evaluating Internet Sources	2124	(2)
A Sampling of Internet Resources for Literature	2126	(1)
Developing a Critical Perspective	2126	(1)
Developing a Thesis	2127	(1)
Drafting and Revising	2128	(1)
Conventions	2128	(3)
Using Quotations	2128	(1)
Verb Tense Conventions in Literary Papers	2129	(1)
Manuscript Form	2129	(1)
Plagiarism	2130	(1)
Documenting Sources	2131	(2)
MLA Style: Parenthetical Citations Paired with a List of Works Cited	2131	(1)
The Works Cited List	2132	(1)
Documenting Electronic Sources	2133	(3)
Source on CD-ROM	2133	(1)
Online Sources	2134	(2)
Alternate Documentation Style: Endnotes and Footnotes	2136	(1)
Using Endnotes and Footnotes	2136	(1)
Endnotes List	2136	(1)
A Student Essay Using one Source as a Stimulus	2137	(5)
Patricia Kane The Prodigal Daughter in Alice Walker's ``Everyday Use''	2137	(2)
Student Papers	2139	(3)
A Research Paper on a Single Work Using Multiple Sources	2142	(5)
Student Papers	2143	(4)
A Research Paper Using Multiple Works and Multiple Sources	2147	(6)
Student Papers	2148	(5)
Critical Theory: Approaches to the Analysis and Interpretation of Literature	2153	(41)
Readings for Analysis	2153	(3)
William Carlos Williams The Use of Force	2154	(2)
Emily Dickinson I'm ``wife''---I've finished that---	2156	(1)
The Canon and the Curriculum	2156	(5)
What We Read	2157	(1)
Why We Read	2158	(1)
How We Read	2159	(1)
Canon and Curriculum: Selected Readings	2160	(1)
Formalist Perspectives	2161	(3)
An Overview of Formalist Criticism	2161	(1)
Thinking from a Formalist Perspective	2162	(1)
Formalist Criticism: Selected Readings	2163	(1)
Biographical Perspectives	2164	(2)
An Overview of Biographical Criticism	2164	(1)
Thinking from a Biographical Perspective	2165	(1)
Biographical Criticism: Selected Readings	2166	(1)
Historical Perspectives	2166	(3)
An Overview of Historical Criticism	2166	(1)
Thinking from a New Historicist Perspective	2167	(1)
Historical and New Historicist Criticism: Selected Readings	2168	(1)
Psychological Perspectives	2169	(3)
An Overview of Psychological Criticism	2169	(1)
Thinking from a Psychoanalytic Perspective	2170	(1)
Psychological and Psychoanalytic Criticism: Selected Readings	2171	(1)
Sociological Perspectives	2172	(4)
An Overview of Sociological Criticism	2172	(1)
Marxist Critical Perspectives	2172	(1)
Thinking from a Marxist Perspective	2173	(1)
Marxist Criticism: Selected Readings	2174	(1)
Feminist Critical Perspectives	2174	(1)
Thinking from a Feminist Perspective	2175	(1)
Feminist Criticism: Selected Readings	2176	(1)
Reader-Response Perspectives	2176	(4)
An Overview of Reader-Response Criticism	2176	(2)
Thinking from a Reader-Response Perspective	2178	(2)
Reader-Response Criticism: Selected Readings	2180	(1)
Mythological Perspectives	2180	(3)
An Overview of Mythological Criticism	2180	(2)
Thinking from a Mythological Perspective	2182	(1)
Mythological Criticism: Selected Readings	2183	(1)
Structuralist Perspectives	2183	(3)
An Overview of Structuralist Criticism	2183	(1)
Semiotics	2184	(1)
Thinking from a Structuralist Perspective	2185	(1)
Structuralist Criticism: Selected Readings	2186	(1)
Deconstructive Perspectives	2186	(3)
An Overview of Deconstructive Criticism	2186	(2)
Thinking from a Deconstructive Perspective	2188	(1)
Deconstructive Criticism: Selected Readings	2189	(1)
Cultural Studies Perspectives	2189	(3)
An Overview of Cultural Studies	2189	(2)
Thinking from a Cultural Studies Perspective	2191	(1)
Cultural Studies: Selected Readings	2191	(1)
Using Critical Perspectives as Heuristics	2192	(2)
Critical Comments about Literature	2194
Plato Poetry and Inspiration	2195	(1)
Aristotle On Tragedy	2196	(2)
Sir Philip Sidney An Apology for Poetry	2198	(1)
Samuel Johnson The Metaphysical Poets	2199	(1)
William Blake Art and Imagination	2200	(1)
William Wordsworth Poetry and Feeling	2200	(1)
John Keats The Authenticity of the Imagination	2201	(2)
Percy Bysshe Shelley Poets and Language	2203	(1)
Anton Chekhov Technique in Writing the Short Story	2204	(1)
Henrik Ibsen Notes for the Modern Tragedy	2205	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins Sprung Rhythm	2205	(1)
August Strindberg The Scene	2206	(1)
Bernard Shaw The Interpreter of Life	2207	(1)
Wallace Stevens Observations on Poetry	2208	(1)
T. S. Eliot The Poet and the Tradition	2209	(1)
Bertolt Brecht Brecht on Theatre	2210	(1)
George Seferis Poetry and Human Living	2211	(1)
Frank O'Connor Lyric Poetry and the Short Story	2212	(1)
Pablo Neruda ``The Word''	2213	(1)
Eudora Welty The Origin of a Story	2213	(1)
Ralph Ellison Folklore and Fiction	2214	(1)
Octavio Paz The Power of Poetry	2215	(1)
Arthur Miller Tragedy and the Common Man	2216	(3)
Tennessee Williams The Catastrophe of Success	2219	(3)
Eric Bentley On Drama as Literature and Performance	2222	(1)
Wendell Berry Poetry and Song	2223	(1)
Audre Lorde Poems Are Not Luxuries	2223	(1)
Mark Strand Poetry, Language, and Meaning	2224	(1)
Margaret Atwood Our First Stories	2225	(1)
Seamus Heaney Feelings into Words	2226	(1)
Robert Pinsky The Sounds of Poetry	2227	(1)
John Edgar Wideman Stories Are Letters	2228	(1)
Diane Ackerman What a Poem Knows	2229	(1)
Tim O'Brien On the Importance of Mystery in Plot	2229	(1)
Alice Fulton On the Validity of Free Verse	2230	(2)
David Henry Hwang Afterword	2232
Timeline: Literature in Context	1	(1)
Glossary	1	(1)
Photo Credits	1	(1)
Acknowledgments	1	(1)
Index	1