Traditions and Encounters with PowerWeb; MP

by Bentley, Jerry H.; Ziegler, Herbert

• ISBN13: 9780072510263
• ISBN10: 0072510269
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-06-05
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

This groundbreaking world history text has, in its first edition, become a market leader by offering a fresh, global perspective on the past. The text is unique in approach; covering the world as a whole, examining the formations and development of the world’s major societies (“traditions”), and also systematically exploring cross-cultural interactions and exchanges that have been some of the most effective agents of change in all of world history (“encounters”). In addition, the authors have taken great care in constructing a coherent vision of the past that is not weighed down by a mass of detail, thus enabling instructors to incorporate additional readings of their choosing. Finally the text emphasizes that historical processes work themselves out through the lives and experiences of individual human beings, opening each chapter with an account of individual experiences that illuminate themes in that chapter. The second edition includes scholarship updates throughout and revisions to organization and content.

Table of Contents

List of Maps	xxv
List of Sources from the Past	xxvii
Preface	xxxi
Acknowledgments	xliii
PART I THE EARLY COMPLEX SOCIETIES, 3500 TO 500 B.C.E.	2	(158)
Before History	7	(26)
The Evolution of Homo Sapiens	8	(5)
The Hominids	9	(3)
Homo Sapiens	12	(1)
Sources from the Past: Richard E. Leakey on the Nature of Homo Sapiens Sapiens	13	(1)
Paleolithic Society	13	(7)
Economy and Society of Hunting and Gathering Peoples	14	(3)
Paleolithic Culture	17	(3)
The Neolithic Era and the Transition to Agriculture	20	(9)
The Origins of Agriculture	20	(3)
Early Agricultural Society	23	(4)
Neolithic Culture	27	(1)
The Origins of Urban Life	28	(1)
Summary	29	(1)
Chronology	29	(2)
For Further Reading	31	(2)
Early Societies in Southwest Asia and the Indo-European Migrations	33	(28)
The Quest for Order	34	(7)
Mesopotamia: ``The Land between the Rivers''	35	(2)
The Course of Empire	37	(2)
The Later Mesopotamian Empires	39	(2)
The Formation of a Complex Society and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions	41	(6)
Economic Specialization and Trade	41	(2)
The Emergence of a Stratified Patriarchal Society	43	(2)
The Development of Written Cultural Traditions	45	(1)
Sources from the Past: Hammurabi's Laws on Family Relationships	46	(1)
The Broader Influence of Mesopotamian Society	47	(7)
Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews	48	(3)
The Phoenicians	51	(1)
Sources from the Past: Israelites' Relations with Neighboring Peoples	52	(2)
The Indo-European Migrations	54	(4)
Indo-European Origins	54	(1)
Indo-European Expansion and Its Effects	55	(3)
Summary	58	(1)
Chronology	58	(1)
For Further Reading	58	(3)
Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations	61	(28)
Early Agricultural Society in Africa	62	(9)
Climatic Change and the Development of Agriculture in Africa	63	(1)
Egypt and Nubia: ``Gifts of the Nile''	64	(1)
The Unification of Egypt	65	(2)
Turmoil and Empire	67	(1)
Sources from the Past: Harkhuf's Expeditions to Nubia	68	(3)
The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions	71	(11)
The Emergence of Cities and Stratified Societies	72	(2)
Economic Specialization and Trade	74	(3)
Early Writing in the Nile Valley	77	(1)
The Development of Organized Religious Traditions	78	(2)
Sources from the Past: The Great Hymn to Aten	80	(2)
Bantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa	82	(3)
The Dynamics of Bantu Expansion	82	(2)
Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa	84	(1)
Summary	85	(1)
Chronology	85	(1)
For Further Reading	86	(3)
Early Societies in South Asia	89	(22)
Harappan Society	90	(6)
Foundations of Harappan Society	91	(2)
Harappan Society and Culture	93	(3)
The Indo-European Migrations and Early Aryan India	96	(6)
The Aryans and India	96	(2)
Origins of the Caste System	98	(2)
Sources from the Past: The Rig Veda on the Origin of the Castes	100	(1)
The Development of Patriarchal Society	101	(1)
Religion in the Vedic Age	102	(5)
Aryan Religion	102	(2)
The Blending of Aryan and Dravidian Values	104	(1)
Sources from the Past: The Chandogya Upanishad on the Nature of Reality	105	(2)
Summary	107	(1)
Chronology	107	(1)
For Further Reading	108	(3)
Early Society in East Asia	111	(24)
Political Organization in Early China	112	(8)
Early Agricultural Society and the Xia Dynasty	112	(2)
The Shang Dynasty	114	(3)
The Zhou Dynasty	117	(3)
Society and Family in Ancient China	120	(5)
The Social Order	120	(2)
Sources from the Past: Peasants' Protest	122	(1)
Family and Patriarchy	123	(1)
Sources from the Past: Family Solidarity in Ancient China	124	(1)
Early Chinese Writing and Cultural Development	125	(4)
Oracle Bones and Early Chinese Writing	126	(2)
Thought and Literature in Ancient China	128	(1)
Ancient China and the Larger World	129	(3)
Chinese Cultivators and Nomadic Peoples of Central Asia	129	(2)
The Southern Expansion of Chinese Society	131	(1)
Summary	132	(1)
Chronology	132	(1)
For Further Reading	132	(3)
Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania	135	(25)
Early Societies of Mesoamerica	137	(11)
The Olmecs	137	(3)
Heirs of the Olmecs: The Maya	140	(2)
Maya Society and Religion	142	(3)
Sources from the Past: The Popol Vuh on the Creation of Human Beings	145	(1)
Heirs of the Olmecs: Teotihuacan	146	(2)
Early Societies of South America	148	(4)
Early Andean Society and the Chavin Cult	149	(1)
Early Andean States: Mochica	150	(2)
Early Societies of Oceania	152	(5)
Early Societies in Australia and New Guinea	152	(2)
The Peopling of the Pacific Islands	154	(2)
Sources from the Past: The Voyage of Ru	156	(1)
Summary	157	(1)
Chronology	158	(1)
For Further Reading	158	(2)
PART II THE FORMATION OF CLASSICAL SOCIETIES, 500 B.C.E. TO 500 C.E.	160	(162)
The Empires of Persia	165	(22)
The Rise and Fall of the Persian Empires	166	(9)
The Achaemenid Empire	166	(4)
Decline and Fall of the Achaemenid Empire	170	(3)
The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanid Empires	173	(2)
Imperial Society and Economy	175	(4)
Social Development in Classical Persia	176	(2)
Economic Foundations of Classical Persia	178	(1)
Religions of Salvation in Classical Persian Society	179	(5)
Zarathustra and His Faith	180	(2)
Sources from the Past: Zarathustra on Good and Evil	182	(1)
Religions of Salvation in a Cosmopolitan Society	182	(2)
Summary	184	(1)
Chronology	185	(1)
For Further Reading	185	(2)
The Unification of China	187	(26)
In Search of Political and Social Order	188	(7)
Confucius and His School	188	(3)
Sources from the Past: Confucius on Good Government	191	(1)
Daoism	192	(2)
Sources from the Past: Laozi on Living in Harmony with Dao	194	(1)
Legalism	194	(1)
The Unification of China	195	(8)
The Qin Dynasty	196	(4)
The Early Han Dynasty	200	(3)
From Economic Prosperity to Social Disorder	203	(6)
Productivity and Prosperity during the Former Han	204	(2)
Economic and Social Difficulties	206	(2)
The Later Han Dynasty	208	(1)
Summary	209	(1)
Chronology	210	(1)
For Further Reading	210	(3)
State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India	213	(26)
The Fortunes of Empire in Classical India	214	(6)
The Mauryan Dynasty and the Temporary Unification of India	214	(4)
The Emergence of Regional Kingdoms and the Revival of Empire	218	(2)
Economic Development and Social Distinctions	220	(4)
Towns and Trade	220	(2)
Family Life and the Caste System	222	(2)
Religions of Salvation in Classical India	224	(11)
Jainism and the Challenge to the Established Cultural Order	224	(2)
Early Buddhism	226	(3)
Mahayana Buddhism	229	(1)
Sources from the Past: Ashoka as a Teacher of Humility and Equality according to the Ashokavadana	230	(2)
The Emergence of Popular Hinduism	232	(2)
Sources from the Past: Caste Duties according to the Bhagavad Gita	234	(1)
Summary	235	(1)
Chronology	235	(1)
For Further Reading	235	(4)
Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase	239	(30)
Early Development of Greek Society	240	(6)
Minoan and Mycenaean Societies	240	(3)
The World of the Polis	243	(3)
Greece and the Larger World	246	(9)
Greek Colonization	246	(2)
Conflict with Persia and Its Results	248	(2)
The Macedonians and the Coming of Empire	250	(2)
Sources from the Past: Arrian on the Character of Alexander of Macedon	252	(1)
The Hellenistic Empires	253	(2)
The Fruits of Trade: Greek Economy and Society	255	(3)
Trade and the Integration of the Mediterranean Basin	255	(2)
Family and Society	257	(1)
The Cultural Life of Classical Greece	258	(7)
Rational Thought and Philosophy	259	(1)
Sources from the Past: Socrates' View of Death	260	(2)
Popular Religion and Greek Drama	262	(2)
Hellenistic Philosophy and Religion	264	(1)
Summary	265	(1)
Chronology	265	(1)
For Further Reading	265	(4)
Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase	269	(26)
From Kingdom to Republic	270	(5)
The Etruscans and Rome	270	(2)
The Roman Republic and Its Constitution	272	(1)
The Expansion of the Republic	273	(2)
From Republic to Empire	275	(7)
Imperial Expansion and Domestic Problems	275	(2)
The Foundation of Empire	277	(1)
Continuing Expansion and Integration of the Empire	278	(2)
Sources from the Past: Tacitus on Corruption in the Early Roman Empire	280	(2)
Economy and Society in the Roman Mediterranean	282	(5)
Trade and Urbanization	282	(3)
Family and Society in Roman Times	285	(2)
The Cosmopolitan Mediterranean	287	(6)
Greek Philosophy and Religions of Salvation	287	(2)
Judaism and Early Christianity	289	(2)
Sources from the Past: Jesus' Moral and Ethical Teachings	291	(2)
Summary	293	(1)
Chronology	293	(1)
For Further Reading	293	(2)
Cross-Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads	295	(27)
Long-Distance Trade and the Silk Roads Network	296	(6)
Trade Networks of the Hellenistic Era	297	(1)
The Silk Roads	298	(4)
Cultural and Biological Exchanges along the Silk Roads	302	(8)
The Spread of Buddhism and Hinduism	303	(2)
The Spread of Christianity	305	(1)
The Spread of Manichaeism	306	(2)
The Spread of Epidemic Disease	308	(1)
Sources from the Past: St. Cyprian on Epidemic Disease in the Roman Empire	309	(1)
China after the Han Dynasty	310	(3)
Internal Decay of the Han State	310	(2)
Cultural Change in Post-Han China	312	(1)
The Fall of the Roman Empire	313	(6)
Internal Decay in the Roman Empire	313	(2)
Germanic Invasions and the Fall of the Western Roman Empire	315	(2)
Cultural Change in the Late Roman Empire	317	(2)
Summary	319	(1)
Chronology	319	(1)
For Further Reading	319	(3)
PART III THE POSTCLASSICAL ERA, 500 TO 1000 C.E.	322	(144)
The Commonwealth of Byzantium	327	(28)
The Early Byzantine Empire	328	(7)
The Later Roman Empire and Byzantium	329	(2)
Justinian and His Legacy	331	(2)
Islamic Conquests and Byzantine Revival	333	(2)
Byzantium and Western Europe	335	(1)
Byzantine Economy and Society	335	(4)
Rural Economy and Society	336	(1)
Industry and Trade	337	(1)
Urban Life	338	(1)
Classical Heritage and Orthodox Christianity	339	(7)
The Legacy of Classical Greece	339	(1)
Sources from the Past: The Wealth and Commerce of Constantinople	340	(1)
The Byzantine Church	341	(2)
Monasticism and Popular Piety	343	(1)
Sources from the Past: Anna Comnena on the Suppression of Bogomil Heretics	344	(1)
Tensions between Eastern and Western Christianity	345	(1)
The Influence of Byzantium in Eastern Europe	346	(5)
Domestic Problems and Foreign Pressures	346	(3)
Early Relations between Byzantium and Slavic Peoples	349	(1)
Byzantium and Russia	350	(1)
Summary	351	(1)
Chronology	351	(1)
For Further Reading	352	(3)
The Expansive Realm of Islam	355	(28)
A Prophet and His World	356	(6)
Muhammad and His Message	357	(1)
Muhammad's Migration to Medina	358	(2)
Sources from the Past: The Quran on Allah and His Expectations of Humankind	360	(1)
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia	361	(1)
The Expansion of Islam	362	(6)
The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty	363	(2)
The Abbasid Dynasty	365	(2)
Sources from the Past: Benjamin of Tudela on the Caliph's Court at Baghdad	367	(1)
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World	368	(6)
New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth	368	(1)
The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone	369	(4)
The Changing Status of Women	373	(1)
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges	374	(5)
The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition	374	(3)
Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and Greece	377	(2)
Summary	379	(1)
Chronology	379	(1)
For Further Reading	379	(4)
The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia	383	(30)
The Restoration of Centralized Imperial Rule in China	384	(7)
The Sui Dynasty	384	(2)
The Tang Dynasty	386	(3)
Sources from the Past: The Poet Du Fu on Tang Dynasty Wars	389	(1)
The Song Dynasty	390	(1)
The Economic Development of Tang and Song China	391	(8)
Agricultural Development	392	(2)
Technological and Industrial Development	394	(2)
The Emergence of a Market Economy	396	(2)
Sources from the Past: The Arab Merchant Suleiman on Business Practices in Tang China	398	(1)
Cultural Change in Tang and Song China	399	(4)
The Establishment of Buddhism	399	(3)
Neo-Confucianism	402	(1)
Chinese Influence in East Asia	403	(5)
Korea and Vietnam	404	(1)
Early Japan	405	(3)
Medieval Japan	408	(1)
Summary	408	(1)
Chronology	409	(1)
For Further Reading	409	(4)
India and the Indian Ocean Basin	413	(28)
Islamic and Hindu Kingdoms	414	(5)
The Quest for Centralized Imperial Rule	414	(2)
The Introduction of Islam to Northern India	416	(1)
The Hindu Kingdoms of Southern India	417	(2)
Production and Trade in the Indian Ocean Basin	419	(8)
Agriculture in the Monsoon World	419	(1)
Trade and the Economic Development of Southern India	420	(1)
Sources from the Past: Cosmas Indicopleustes on Trade in Southern India	421	(1)
Cross-Cultural Trade in the Indian Ocean Basin	422	(4)
Caste and Society	426	(1)
The Meeting of Hindu and Islamic Traditions	427	(5)
The Development of Hinduism	427	(2)
Sources from the Past: The Bhagavata Purana on Devotion to Vishnu	429	(1)
Islam and Its Appeal	430	(2)
The Influence of Indian Society in Southeast Asia	432	(5)
The States of Southeast Asia	432	(4)
The Arrival of Islam	436	(1)
Summary	437	(1)
Chronology	437	(1)
For Further Reading	438	(3)
The Foundations of Christian Society in Western Europe	441	(25)
The Quest for Political Order	442	(10)
Germanic Successor States	443	(1)
The Franks and the Temporary Revival of Empire	443	(1)
Decline and Dissolution of the Carolingian Empire	443	(3)
Sources from the Past: Gregory of Tours on the Conversion of Clovis	446	(5)
The Establishment of Regional Authorities	451	(1)
Early Medieval Society	452	(6)
Organizing a Decentralized Society	452	(2)
Serfs and Manors	454	(1)
The Economy of Early Medieval Europe	455	(1)
Sources from the Past: Life on an Early Medieval Manor	456	(2)
The Formation of Christian Europe	458	(4)
The Politics of Conversion	459	(1)
The Papacy	459	(1)
Monasticism	460	(2)
Summary	462	(1)
Chronology	463	(1)
For Further Reading	463	(3)
PART IV AN AGE OF CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION, 1000 TO 1500 C.E.	466	(136)
Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration	471	(22)
Turkish Migrations and Imperial Expansion	472	(4)
Nomadic Economy and Society	472	(3)
Turkish Empires in Persia, Anatolia, and India	475	(1)
The Mongol Empires	476	(11)
Chinggis Khan and the Making of the Mongol Empire	477	(2)
Sources from the Past: Marco Polo on Mongol Military Tactics	479	(1)
The Mongol Empires after Chinggis Khan	480	(4)
The Mongols and Eurasian Integration	484	(1)
Decline of the Mongols in Persia and China	485	(2)
After the Mongols	487	(3)
Tamerlane the Whirlwind	487	(2)
The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire	489	(1)
Summary	490	(1)
Chronology	490	(1)
For Further Reading	491	(2)
States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa	493	(24)
Effects of Early African Migrations	494	(3)
Agriculture and Population Growth	494	(1)
African Political Organization	495	(2)
Islamic Kingdoms and Empires	497	(10)
Trans-Saharan Trade and Islamic States in West Africa	497	(3)
Sources from the Past: Sundiata and the Reconstruction of Niani	500	(2)
The Indian Ocean Trade and Islamic States in East Africa	502	(4)
Sources from the Past: Ibn Battuta on Muslim Society at Mogadishu	506	(1)
African Society and Cultural Development	507	(6)
Social Classes	507	(2)
African Religion	509	(2)
The Arrival of Christianity and Islam	511	(2)
Summary	513	(1)
Chronology	514	(1)
For Further Reading	514	(3)
Western Europe During the High Middle Ages	517	(30)
The Establishment of Regional States	518	(6)
The Holy Roman Empire	519	(2)
Regional Monarchies in France and England	521	(1)
Regional States in Italy and Iberia	522	(2)
Economic Growth and Social Development	524	(7)
Growth of the Agricultural Economy	524	(1)
The Revival of Towns and Trade	525	(2)
Sources from the Past: Francesco Balducci Pegolotti on Trade between Europe and China	527	(1)
Social Change	528	(3)
European Christianity during the High Middle Ages	531	(7)
Schools, Universities, and Scholastic Theology	531	(1)
Popular Religion	532	(3)
Reform Movements and Popular Heresies	535	(1)
Sources from the Past: Thomas of Celano on St. Francis of Assisi	536	(2)
The Medieval Expansion of Europe	538	(5)
Atlantic and Baltic Colonization	538	(2)
The Reconquest of Sicily and Spain	540	(1)
The Crusades	541	(2)
Summary	543	(1)
Chronology	543	(1)
For Further Reading	543	(4)
Worlds Apart: The Americas and Oceania	547	(26)
States and Empires in Mesoamerica and North America	548	(10)
The Toltecs and the Mexica	549	(3)
Mexica Society	552	(1)
Sources from the Past: Mexica Expectations of Boys and Girls	553	(1)
Mexica Religion	554	(2)
Peoples and Societies of the North	556	(2)
States and Empires in South America	558	(5)
The Coming of the Incas	558	(3)
Inca Society and Religion	561	(2)
The Societies of Oceania	563	(6)
The Nomadic Foragers of Australia	563	(2)
The Development of Pacific Island Societies	565	(3)
Sources from the Past: Mo'ikeha's Migration from Tahiti to Hawai'i	568	(1)
Summary	569	(1)
Chronology	569	(1)
For Further Reading	570	(3)
Reaching Out: Cross-Cultural Interactions	573	(29)
Long-Distance Trade and Travel	574	(12)
Patterns of Long-Distance Trade	574	(4)
Political and Diplomatic Travel	578	(2)
Sources from the Past: Ibn Battuta on Customs in the Mali Empire	580	(1)
Missionary Campaigns	581	(1)
Long-Distance Travel and Cross-Cultural Exchanges	582	(1)
Sources from the Past: John of Montecorvino on His Mission in China	583	(3)
Crisis and Recovery	586	(7)
Bubonic Plague	586	(2)
Recovery in China: The Ming Dynasty	588	(2)
Recovery in Western Europe: State Building	590	(1)
Recovery in Western Europe: The Renaissance	591	(2)
Exploration and Colonization	593	(6)
The Chinese Reconnaissance of the Indian Ocean Basin	593	(2)
European Exploration in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans	595	(4)
Summary	599	(1)
Chronology	599	(1)
For Further Reading	600	(2)
PART V THE ORIGINS OF GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE, 1500 TO 1800	602	(200)
Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections	607	(30)
The European Reconnaissance of the World's Oceans	608	(14)
Motives for Exploration	608	(2)
The Technology of Exploration	610	(4)
Voyages of Exploration: from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic	614	(3)
Sources from the Past: Christopher Columbus's First Impressions of American Peoples	617	(1)
Voyages of Exploration: from the Atlantic to the Pacific	618	(4)
Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia	622	(7)
Trading-Post Empires	622	(2)
European Conquests in Southeast Asia	624	(1)
Sources from the Past: Afonso d'Alboquerque Seizes Hormuz	625	(3)
Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years' War	628	(1)
Global Exchanges	629	(4)
The Columbian Exchange	629	(3)
The Origins of Global Trade	632	(1)
Summary	633	(1)
Chronology	634	(1)
For Further Reading	634	(3)
The Transformation of Europe	637	(30)
The Fragmentation of Western Christendom	638	(5)
The Protestant Reformation	639	(1)
The Catholic Reformation	640	(1)
Witch-Hunts and Religious Wars	641	(2)
The Consolidation of Sovereign States	643	(9)
The Attempted Revival of Empire	643	(2)
The New Monarchs	645	(2)
Constitutional States and Absolute Monarchies	647	(3)
The European States System	650	(2)
Early Capitalist Society	652	(6)
Population Growth and Urbanization	652	(1)
Early Capitalism and Protoindustrialization	653	(3)
Social Change in Early Modern Europe	656	(1)
Sources from the Past: Adam Smith on the Capitalist Market	657	(1)
Science and Enlightenment	658	(6)
The Reconception of the Universe	659	(1)
The Scientific Revolution	660	(1)
The Enlightenment	661	(3)
Summary	664	(1)
Chronology	664	(1)
For Further Reading	665	(2)
New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania	667	(30)
Colliding Worlds	668	(10)
The Spanish Caribbean	669	(1)
The Conquest of Mexico and Peru	670	(1)
Sources from the Past: First Impressions of Spanish Forces	671	(2)
Iberian Empires in the Americas	673	(2)
Settler Colonies in North America	675	(3)
Colonial Society in the Americas	678	(10)
The Formation of Multicultural Societies	678	(2)
Mining and Agriculture in the Spanish Empire	680	(3)
Sugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil	683	(1)
Fur Traders and Settlers in North America	684	(3)
Christianity and Native Religions in the Americas	687	(1)
Europeans in the Pacific	688	(5)
Australia and the Larger World	688	(2)
The Pacific Islands and the Larger World	690	(2)
Sources from the Past: Captain James Cook on the Hawaiians	692	(1)
Summary	693	(1)
Chronology	693	(1)
For Further Reading	694	(3)
Africa and the Atlantic World	697	(26)
African Politics and Society in Early Modern Times	698	(10)
The States of West Africa and East Africa	699	(2)
The Kingdoms of Central Africa and South Africa	701	(2)
Sources from the Past: King Afonso I Protests Slave Trading in the Kingdom of Kongo	703	(2)
Islam and Christianity in Early Modern Africa	705	(2)
Social Change in Early Modern Africa	707	(1)
The Atlantic Slave Trade	708	(6)
Foundations of the Slave Trade	708	(1)
Human Cargoes	709	(3)
Sources from the Past: Olaudah Equiano on the Middle Passage	712	(1)
The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa	713	(1)
The African Diaspora	714	(6)
Plantation Societies	714	(3)
The Making of African-American Cultural Traditions	717	(1)
The End of the Slave Trade and the Abolition of Slavery	718	(2)
Summary	720	(1)
Chronology	720	(1)
For Further Reading	720	(3)
Tradition and Change in East Asia	723	(30)
The Quest for Political Stability	724	(7)
The Ming Dynasty	724	(3)
The Qing Dynasty	727	(2)
The Son of Heaven and the Scholar-Bureaucrats	729	(2)
Economic and Social Changes	731	(8)
The Patriarchal Family	732	(1)
Population Growth and Economic Development	733	(3)
Sources from the Past: Qianlong on Chinese Trade with England	736	(1)
Gentry, Commoners, Soldiers, and Mean People	737	(2)
The Confucian Tradition and New Cultural Influences	739	(3)
Neo-Confucianism and Pulp Fiction	739	(1)
The Return of Christianity to China	740	(2)
The Unification of Japan	742	(8)
The Tokugawa Shogunate	742	(2)
Economic and Social Change	744	(1)
Neo-Confucianism and Floating Worlds	745	(3)
Christianity and Dutch Learning	748	(1)
Sources from the Past: Fabian Fucan Rejects Christianity	749	(1)
Summary	750	(1)
Chronology	750	(1)
For Further Reading	750	(3)
The Islamic Empires	753	(24)
Formation of the Islamic Empires	754	(8)
The Ottoman Empire	754	(2)
The Safavid Empire	756	(1)
Sources from the Past: Ghislain de Busbecq's Concerns about the Ottoman Empire	757	(2)
The Mughal Empire	759	(1)
Sources from the Past: A Conqueror and His Conquests: Babur on India	760	(2)
Imperial Islamic Society	762	(8)
The Dynastic State	762	(1)
Agriculture and Trade	763	(2)
Religious Affairs in the Islamic Empires	765	(2)
Cultural Patronage of the Islamic Emperors	767	(3)
The Empires in Transition	770	(4)
The Deterioration of Imperial Leadership	770	(1)
Economic and Military Decline	771	(1)
Cultural Insularity	772	(2)
Summary	774	(1)
Chronology	774	(1)
For Further Reading	775	(2)
The Russian Empire in Europe and Asia	777	(25)
Foundations of the Absolutist State	778	(4)
The Gathering of the Russian Land	778	(3)
The Time of Troubles	781	(1)
Westernization and Empire	782	(9)
A Window on the West	782	(3)
Sources from the Past: Peter the Great and the Founding of St. Petersburg	785	(1)
The Limits of Westernization	785	(2)
The Russian Empire in Europe	787	(1)
The Russian Empire in Asia	788	(3)
A Society in Tension	791	(4)
Muscovite Society before Westernization	791	(2)
The Growth of Trade and Industry	793	(2)
Cultural Clashes	795	(3)
Crisis in the Church	795	(2)
Westernization and the Enlightenment in Russia	797	(1)
Summary	798	(1)
Chronology	799	(1)
For Further Reading	799	(3)
PART VI AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, INDUSTRY, AND EMPIRE, 1750 TO 1914	802	(164)
Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World	807	(34)
Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval	808	(12)
Enlightened and Revolutionary Ideas	809	(1)
The American Revolution	810	(3)
The French Revolution	813	(2)
Sources from the Past: The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen	815	(3)
The Reign of Napoleon	818	(2)
The Influence of Revolution	820	(10)
The Haitian Revolution	820	(3)
Wars of Independence in Latin America	823	(1)
The Emergence of Ideologies: Conservatism and Liberalism	824	(1)
Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Slavery	825	(2)
Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Women's Rights	827	(2)
Sources from the Past: The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen	829	(1)
The Consolidation of National States in Europe	830	(6)
Nations and Nationalism	831	(1)
The Emergence of National Communities	832	(2)
The Unification of Italy and Germany	834	(2)
Summary	836	(1)
Chronology	837	(1)
For Further Reading	837	(4)
The Making of Industrial Society	841	(30)
Patterns of Industrialization	842	(10)
Foundations of Industrialization	843	(3)
The Factory System	846	(2)
The Early Spread of Industrialization	848	(2)
Industrial Capitalism	850	(2)
Industrial Society	852	(11)
The Fruits of Industry	852	(2)
Urbanization and Migration	854	(1)
Sources from the Past: Thomas Malthus on Population	855	(2)
Industry and Society	857	(3)
The Socialist Challenge	860	(3)
Global Effects of Industrialization	863	(5)
The Continuing Spread of Industrialization	863	(1)
Sources from the Past: Marx and Engels on Bourgeoisie and Proletarians	864	(1)
The International Division of Labor	865	(3)
Summary	868	(1)
Chronology	868	(1)
For Further Reading	869	(2)
The Americas in the Age of Independence	871	(32)
The Building of American States	872	(12)
The United States: Westward Expansion and Civil War	873	(4)
The Canadian Dominion: Independence without War	877	(2)
Latin America: Fragmentation and Political Experimentation	879	(4)
Sources from the Past: Ponciano Arriaga Calls for Land Reform	883	(1)
American Economic Development	884	(7)
Migration to the Americas	885	(1)
Economic Expansion in the United States	886	(3)
Canadian Prosperity	889	(1)
Latin American Dependence	890	(1)
American Cultural and Social Diversity	891	(8)
Multicultural Society in the United States	892	(3)
Sources from the Past: The Meaning of Freedom for an Ex-Slave	895	(1)
Canadian Cultural Contrasts	896	(1)
Ethnicity, Identity and Gender in Latin America	897	(2)
Summary	899	(1)
Chronology	900	(1)
For Further Reading	900	(3)
Societies at Crossroads	903	(30)
The Ottoman Empire in Decline	904	(7)
The Nature of Decline	905	(2)
Reform and Reorganization	907	(1)
The Young Turk Era	908	(2)
Sources from the Past: Proclamation of the Young Turks	910	(1)
The Russian Empire under Pressure	911	(6)
Military Defeat and Social Reform	911	(3)
Industrialization	914	(1)
Repression and Revolution	915	(2)
The Chinese Empire under Siege	917	(7)
The Opium War and the Unequal Treaties	917	(2)
Sources from the Past: Letter of Lin Zexu to Queen Victoria	919	(2)
The Taiping Rebellion	921	(2)
Reform Frustrated	923	(1)
The Transformation of Japan	924	(5)
From Tokugawa to Meiji	925	(1)
Meiji Reforms	926	(3)
Summary	929	(1)
Chronology	930	(1)
For Further Reading	930	(3)
The Building of Global Empires	933	(33)
Foundations of Empire	934	(5)
Motives of Imperialism	934	(3)
Sources from the Past: Rudyard Kipling on the White Man's Burden	937	(1)
Tools of Empire	938	(1)
European Imperialism	939	(12)
The British Empire in India	940	(1)
Imperialism in Central Asia and Southeast Asia	941	(3)
The Scramble for Africa	944	(4)
European Imperialism in the Pacific	948	(1)
Sources from the Past: Lord Lugard Justifies Imperialism and Indirect Rule in Africa	949	(2)
The Emergence of New Imperial Powers	951	(3)
U.S. Imperialism in Latin America and the Pacific	952	(1)
Imperial Japan	953	(1)
Legacies of Imperialism	954	(8)
Empire and Economy	955	(1)
Labor Migrations	956	(2)
Empire and Society	958	(2)
Nationalism and Anticolonial Movements	960	(2)
Summary	962	(1)
Chronology	962	(1)
For Further Reading	963	(3)
PART VII CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL REALIGNMENTS, 1914 TO THE PRESENT	966
The Great War: The World in Upheaval	971	(32)
The Drift toward War	972	(4)
Nationalist Aspirations	973	(1)
National Rivalries	973	(2)
Understandings and Alliances	975	(1)
Global War	976	(13)
The Guns of August	977	(1)
Mutual Butchery	978	(4)
Total War: The Home Front	982	(1)
Sources from the Past: Dulce et decorum est	983	(3)
Conflict in East Asia and the Pacific	986	(1)
Battles in Africa and Southwest Asia	987	(2)
The End of the War	989	(11)
Revolution in Russia	989	(2)
Sources from the Past: State and Revolution	991	(1)
U.S. Intervention and the Collapse of the Central Powers	992	(2)
The Paris Peace Conference	994
Challenges to European Preeminence	988	(12)
Summary	1000	(1)
Chronology	1000	(1)
For Further Reading	1001	(2)
An Age of Anxiety	1003	(34)
Probing Cultural Frontiers	1004	(6)
Postwar Pessimism	1004	(2)
Revolutions in Physics and Psychology	1006	(1)
Experimentation in Art and Architecture	1007	(3)
Global Depression	1010	(6)
The Great Depression	1011	(3)
Despair and Government Action	1014	(1)
Economic Experimentation	1015	(1)
Challenges to the Liberal Order	1016	(10)
Communism in Russia	1016	(4)
The Fascist Alternative	1020	(1)
Italian Fascism	1021	(1)
German National Socialism	1022	(2)
Sources from the Past: Mein Kampf	1024	(2)
Struggles for National Identity in Asia	1026	(8)
India's Quest for Independence	1027	(1)
China's Search for Order	1028	(4)
Sources from the Past: Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan	1032	(1)
Imperial Japan	1033	(1)
Summary	1034	(1)
Chronology	1034	(1)
For Further Reading	1035	(2)
New Conflagrations: World War II	1037	(32)
Origins of World War II	1038	(6)
Japan's War in China	1039	(2)
European Aggression	1041	(3)
Total War: The World under Fire	1044	(9)
Blitzkrieg: Germany Conquers Europe	1044	(1)
The German Invasion of the Soviet Union	1045	(2)
Battles in Asia and the Pacific	1047	(2)
Defeat of the Axis Powers	1049	(2)
Sources from the Past: A Hiroshima Maiden's Tale	1051	(2)
Life during Wartime	1053	(7)
Occupation, Collaboration, and Resistance	1054	(2)
The Holocaust	1056	(2)
Sources from the Past: We Will Never Speak about It in Public	1058	(1)
Women and the War	1059	(1)
Neither Peace nor War	1060	(5)
Postwar Settlements and Cold War	1061	(3)
Global Reconstruction and the United Nations	1064	(1)
Summary	1065	(1)
Chronology	1066	(1)
For Further Reading	1066	(3)
The Bipolar World	1069
The Formation of a Bipolar World	1070	(12)
The Cold War in Europe	1070	(3)
Confrontations in Korea and Cuba	1073	(3)
Cold War Societies	1076	(4)
Sources from the Past: Nikita Khrushchev on the Capitalist Iron Curtain	1080	(2)
Challenges to Superpower Hegemony	1082	(8)
Defiance, Dissent, and Intervention in Europe	1083	(2)
The People's Republic of China	1085	(2)
Detente and the Decline of Superpower Influence	1087	(3)
The End of the Cold War	1090	(6)
Revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe	1091	(2)
The Collapse of the Soviet Union	1093	(2)
Toward an Uncertain Future	1095	(1)
Summary	1096	(1)
Chronology	1097	(1)
For Further Reading	1097
The Retreat from Empire	1039	(96)
Independence in Asia	1101	(9)
India's Vivisection: Partitioned Independence	1101	(4)
Nationalist Struggles in Vietnam	1105	(2)
Arab National States and the Problem of Palestine	1107	(3)
Decolonization in Africa	1110	(7)
Forcing the French out of North Africa	1110	(2)
Black African Nationalism and Independence	1112	(2)
Freedom and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa	1114	(1)
Sources from the Past: Kwame Nkrumah on African Unity	1115	(2)
After Independence: Long-Term Struggles in the Postcolonial Era	1117	(15)
Communism and Democracy in Asia	1117	(3)
Islamic Resurgence in Southwest Asia and North Africa	1120	(3)
Sources from the Past: Ayatollah Khomeini's ``Message to the Pilgrims''	1123	(1)
Politics and Economics in Latin America	1124	(5)
War and Peace in Sub-Saharan Africa	1129	(3)
Summary	1132	(1)
Chronology	1133	(1)
For Further Reading	1133	(2)
A World Without Borders	1135
The Global Economy	1137	(5)
Economic Globalization	1137	(1)
Economic Growth in Asia	1138	(2)
Trading Blocs	1140	(2)
Cross-Cultural Exchanges and Global Communications	1142	(4)
Global Barbie	1143	(1)
Consumption and Cultural Interaction	1144	(1)
The Age of Access	1145	(1)
Global Problems	1146	(12)
Population Pressures and Environmental Degradation	1147	(2)
Sources from the Past: Silent Spring	1149	(2)
Enomic Inequities and Labor Servitude	1151	(1)
Global Diseases	1152	(2)
Global Terrorism	1154	(2)
Coping with Global Problems: International Organizations	1156	(2)
Crossing Boundaries	1158	(9)
Women's Traditions and Feminist Challenges	1159	(4)
Migration	1163	(3)
Cross-Cultural Travelers	1166	(1)
Summary	1167	(1)
Chronology	1168	(1)
For Further Reading	1168
Glossary
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1