From 1500 to the Present, Chapters 23-40 This groundbreaking world history text has, in its first edition, become a market leader by offering a fresh, global perspective on the past. The text is unique in approach; covering the world as a whole, examining the formations and development of the world's major societies ("traditions"), and also systematically exploring cross-cultural interactions and exchanges that have been some of the most effective agents of change in all of world history("encounters"). In addition, the authors have taken great care in constructing a coherent vision of the past that is not weighed down by a mass of detail, thus enabling instructors to incorporate additional readings of their choosing. Finally the text emphasizes that historical processes work themselves out through the lives and experiences of individual human beings, opening each chapter with an account of individual experiences that illuminate themes in that chapter. The second edition includes scholarship updates throughout and revisions to organization and content.

List of Maps

Preface

A Brief Note on Usage

Acknowledgements

PART V: THE ORIGINS OF GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE, 1500-1800

Chapter 23:TRANSOCEANIC ENCOUNTERS AND GLOBAL CONNECTIONS

The European Reconnaissance of the Worlds Oceans

Motives for Exploration/The Technology of Exploration/Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic/Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the Pacific

Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia

Trading-Post Empires/European Conquests in Southeast Asia/Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years War

Global Exchanges

The Columbian Exchange/The Origins of Global Trade

Chapter 24: THE TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPE

The Fragmentation of Western Christendom

The Protestant Reformation/The Catholic Reformation/Witch-Hunts and Religious Wars

The Consolidation of Sovereign States

The Attempted Revival of Empire/The New Monarchs/Constitutional States and Absolute Monarchies/The European States System

Early Capitalist Society

Population Growth and Urbanization/Early Capitalism and Protoindustrialization/Social Change in Early Modern Europe

Science and Enlightenment

The Reconception of the Universe/The Scientific Revolution/The Enlightenment

Chapter 25: NEW WORLDS: THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIA

Colliding Worlds

The Spanish Caribbean/The Conquest of Mexico and Peru/Iberian Empires in the Americas/Settler Colonies in North America

Colonial Society in the Americas

The Formation of Multicultural Societies/Mining and Agricultural in the Spanish Empire/Sugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil/Fur Traders and Settlers in North America/Christianity and Native Religions in the Americas

Europeans in the Pacific

Australia and the Larger World/The Pacific Islands and the Larger World

Chapter 26: AFRICA AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD

African Politics and Society in Early Modern Times

The States of West Africa and East Africa/The Kingdoms of Central Africa and South Africa/Islam and Christianity in Early Modern Africa/Social Change in Early Modern Africa

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Foundations of the Slave Trade/Human Cargoes/The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa

The African Diaspora

Plantation Societies/The Making of African-American Cultural Traditions/The End of the Slave Trade and the Abolition of Slavery

Chapter 27: TRADITION AND CHANGE IN EAST ASIA

The Quest for Political Stability

The Ming Dynasty/The Qing Dynasty/The Son of Heaven and the Scholar Bureaucrats

Economic and Social Changes

The Patriarchal Family /Population Growth and Economic Development/Gentry, Commoners, Soldiers, and Mean People

The Confucian Tradition and New Cultural Influences

Neo-Confucianism and Pulp Fiction/The Return of Christianity in China

The Unification of Japan

The Tokugawa Shogunate/Economic and Social Change/Neo-Confucianism and Floating Worlds/Christianity and Dutch Learning

Chapter 28: THE ISLAMIC EMPIRES

Formation of the Islamic Empires

The Ottoman Empire /The Safavid Empire/The Mughal Empire

Imperial Islamic Society

The Dynastic State/Agriculture and Trade/Religious Affairs in the Islamic Empires/Cultural Patronage of the Islamic Emperors

The Empires in Transition

The Deterioration of Imperial Leadership/Economic and Military Decline/Cultural Insularity

Chapter 29: THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN EUROPE AND ASIA

Foundations of the Absolutist State

The Gathering of the Russian Land/The Time of Troubles/Westernization and Empires/A Window on the West/The Limits of Westernization/The Russian Empire in Europe/The Russian Empire in Asia

A Society in Tension

Muscovite Society before Westernization/The Growth of Trade and Industry

Cultural Clashes

Crisis in the Church/Westernization and the Enlightenment in Russia

Part VI: AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, INDUSTRY AND EMPIRE, 1750-1914

Chapter 30: REVOLUTIONS AND NATIONAL STATES IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD

Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval

Enlightened and Revolutionary Ideas/The American Revolution/The French Revolution/The Reign of Napoleon

The Influence of Revolution

The Haitian Revolution/Wars of Independence in Latin America/The Emergence of Ideologies: Conservatism and Liberalism/Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Slavery/Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Womens Rights

The Consolidation of National States in Europe

Nations and Nationalism/The Emergence of National Communities/The Unification of Italy and Germany

Chapter 31: THE MAKING OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Patterns of Industrialization

Foundations of Industrialization/The Factory System/The Early Spread of Industrialization/Industrial Capitalism

Industrial Society

The Fruits of Industry/Urbanization and Migration/Industry and Society/The Socialist Challenge

Global Effects of Industrialization

The Continuing Spread of Industrialization/The International Division of Labor

Chapter 32: THE AMERICAS IN THE AGE OF INDEPENDENCE

The Building of American States

The United States: Westward Expansion and Civil War/The Canadian Dominion: Independence Without War/Latin America: Fragmentation and Political Experimentation

American Economic Development

Migration to the Americas/Economic Expansion in the United States/Canadian Prosperity/Latin American Dependence

American Cultural and Social Diversity

Multicultural Society in the United States/Canadian Cultural Contrasts/Ethnicity, Identity, and Gender in Latin America

Chapter 33: SOCIETIES AT CROSSROADS

The Ottoman Empire in Decline

The Nature of Decline/Reform and Reorganization/The Young Turk Era

The Russian Empire Under Pressure

Military Defeat and Social Reform/Industrialization/Repression and Revolution

The Chinese Empire Under Siege

The Opium War and the Unequal Treaties/The Taiping Rebellion/Reform Frustrated/The Transformation of Japan/From Tokugawa to Meiji/Meiji Reforms

Chapter 34: THE BUILDING OF GLOBAL EMPIRES

Foundations of Empire

Motives of Imperialism/Tools of Empire

European Imperialism

The British Empire in India/Imperialism in Central Asia and Southeast Asia/The Scramble for Africa/European Imperialism in the Pacific

The Emergence of New Imperial Powers

U.S. Imperialism in Latin America and the Pacific/Imperial Japan

Legacies of Imperialism

Empire and Economy/Labor Migrations/Empire and Society/Nationalism and Anticolonial Movements

PART VII: CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL REALIGNMENTS

Chapter 35: THE GREAT WAR: THE WORLD IN UPHEAVAL

The Drift Toward War

Nationalist Aspirations/National Rivalries/Understandings and Alliances

Global War

The Guns of August/Mutual Butchery/Total War: The Home Front/Conflict in East Asia and the Pacific/Battles in Africa and Southwest Asia

The End of the War

Revolution in Russia/U.S. Intervention and Collapse of the Central Powers/The Paris Peace Conference/Challenges to European Preeminence

Chapter 36: AN AGE OF ANXIETY

Probing Cultural Frontiers

Postwar Pessimism/Revolutions in Physics and Psychology/Experimentation in Art and Architecture

Global Depression

The Great Depression/Despair and Government Action/Economic Experimentation

Challenges to the Liberal Order

Communism in Russia/The Fascist Alternative/Italian Fascism/German National Socialism/Struggles for National Identity in Asia/Indias Quest for Independence/Chinas Search for Order/Imperial Japan

Chapter 37: NEW CONFLAGRATIONS: WORLD WAR II

Origins of World War II

Japans War in China/European Aggression

Total War: The World Under Fire

Blitzkrieg: Germany Conquers Europe/The German Invasion of the Soviet Union/Battles in Asia and the Pacific/Defeat of the Axis Powers

Life During Wartime

Occupation, Collaboration, and Resistance/The Holocaust/Women and the War

Neither Peace Nor War

Postwar Settlements and Cold War/Global Reconstruction and the United Nations

Chapter 38: THE BIPOLAR WORLD

The Formation of a Bipolar World

The Cold War in Europe/Confrontations in Korea and Cuba/Cold War Societies/Challenges to Superpower Hegemony/The Peoples Republic of China/Dtente and the Decline of Superpower Influence

The End of the Cold War

Revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe/The Collapse of the Soviet Union/Toward an Uncertain Future

Chapter 39: THE RETREAT FROM EMPIRE

Independence in Asia

Indias Vivisection: Partitioned Independence/Nationalist Struggles in Vietnam/Arab National States and the Problem of Palestine

Decolonization in Africa

Forcing the French out of North Africa/Black African Nationalism and Independence/Freedom and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa

After Independence: Long-term Struggles in the Post-Colonial Era

Communism and Democracy in Asia/Islamic Resurgence in Southwest Asia and North Africa/Politics and Economics in Latin America/War and Peace in Sub-Saharan Africa

Chapter 40: A WORLD WITHOUT BORDERS

Economic Growth in Asia/Trading Blocks

Cross-Cultural Exchanges and Global Communications

Global Barbie/Consumption and Cultural Interaction/The Age of Access

Global Problems

Population Pressures and Environmental Degradation/Economic Inequities and Labor Servitude/Global Diseases/International Organizations

Crossing Boundaries

Womens Traditions and Feminist Challenges/Migration/Cross-Cultural Travelers

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