Understandable Statistics

by Brase, Henry Charles

• ISBN13: 9780395907689
• ISBN10: 0395907683
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-10-21
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Table of Contents

Table of Prerequisite Material	xiii
Preface	xiv
A User's Guide to Features	xxi
Getting Started	2	(20)
Overview	3	(1)
Where Have All the Fireflies Gone?	3	(1)
What Is Statistics?	4	(14)
Calculators and Computers in Statistics	18	(1)
Where Will I Use Statistics?	19	(3)
Summary	20	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	20	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	21	(1)
Organizing Data	22	(66)
Overview	23
Focus Problem: Say It with Pictures	22	(1)
Random Samples	23	(10)
Graphs	33	(13)
Histograms and Frequency Distributions	46	(20)
Stem-and-Leaf Displays	66	(22)
Summary	74	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	74	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	75	(5)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	80	(3)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	83	(1)
Using Technology	84	(4)
Averages And Variation	88	(68)
Overview	89
Focus Problem: High Fliers: Commercial Airline Pilots' Pay	88	(31)
Measures of Central Tendency: Mode, Median, and Mean	89	(13)
Measures of Variation	102	(17)
Mean and Standard Deviation of Grouped Data	119	(11)
Percentiles and Box-and-Whisker Plots	130	(26)
Summary	144	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	144	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	145	(3)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	148	(2)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	150	(2)
Using Technology	152	(4)
Elementary Probability Theory	156	(56)
Overview	157
Focus Problem: How Often Do Lie Detectors Lie?	156	(2)
What Is Probability?	158	(11)
Some Probability Rules---Compounds Events	169	(20)
Trees and Counting Techniques	189	(23)
Summary	205	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	205	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	205	(3)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	208	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	209	(1)
Using Technology	210	(2)
The Binomial Probability Distribution And Related Topics	212	(66)
Overview	213
Focus Problem: Personality Preference Types: Introvert or Extrovert?	212	(2)
Introduction to Random Variables and Probability Distributions	214	(12)
Binomial Probabilities	226	(14)
Additional Properties of the Binomial Distribution	240	(12)
The Geometric and Poisson Probability Distributions	252	(26)
Summary	266	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	267	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	268	(3)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	271	(2)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	273	(2)
Using Technology	275	(3)
Normal Distributions	278	(66)
Overview	279
Focus Problem: Large Auditorium Shows: How Many Will Attend?	278	(2)
Graphs of Normal Probability Distributions	280	(16)
Standard Units and Areas Under the Standard Normal Distribution	296	(16)
Areas Under Any Normal Curve	312	(11)
Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution	323	(21)
Summary	332	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	333	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	334	(3)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	337	(2)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	339	(2)
Using Technology	341	(3)
Introduction To Sampling Distributions	344	(30)
Overview	345	(1)
Focus Problem: Impulse Buying	345	(1)
Sampling Distributions	346	(6)
The Central Limit Theorem	352	(12)
Class Project Illustrating the Central Limit Theorem	364	(10)
Summary	367	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	367	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	367	(2)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	369	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	370	(2)
Using Technology	372	(2)
Estimation	374	(84)
Overview	375
Focus Problem: The Trouble with Wood Ducks	374	(2)
Estimating μ with Large Samples	376	(17)
Estimating μ Small Samples	393	(11)
Estimating p in the Binomial Distribution	404	(11)
Choosing the Sample Size	415	(9)
Estimating μ1---μ2 and p1---p2	424	(34)
Summary	445	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	445	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	446	(5)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	451	(2)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	453	(2)
Using Technology	455	(3)
Hypothesis Testing	458	(108)
Overview	459
Focus Problem: Business Opportunities and Start-Up Costs	458	(2)
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing	460	(9)
Tests Involving the Mean μ (Large Samples)	469	(16)
The P Value in Hypothesis Testing	485	(11)
Tests Involving the Mean μ (Small Samples)	496	(12)
Tests Involving a Proportion	508	(9)
Tests Involving Paired Differences (Dependent Samples)	517	(12)
Testing Differences of Two Means or Two Proportions (Independent Samples)	529	(37)
Summary	553	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	554	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	554	(4)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	558	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	559	(2)
Using Technology	561	(5)
Regression And Correlation	566	(84)
Overview	567
Focus Problem: Getting the Best Price	566	(2)
Introduction to Paired Data and Scatter Diagrams	568	(7)
Linear Regression and Confidence Bounds for Prediction	575	(21)
The Linear Correlation Coefficient	596	(16)
Testing the Correlation Coefficient	612	(7)
Multiple Regression	619	(31)
Summary	639	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	639	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	640	(3)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	643	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	644	(1)
Using Technology	645	(5)
Chi-Square and F Distributions	650	(90)
Overview	651
Focus Problem: Stone Age Tools and Archaeology	650	(2)
Hypothesis Tests Using the Chi-Square Distribution	652	(33)
Overview of the Chi-Square Distribution	652	(1)
Chi Square: Tests of Independence	653	(13)
Chi Square: Goodness of Fit	666	(9)
Testing and Estimating a Single Variance or Standard Deviation	675	(10)
Hypothesis Tests Using the F Distribution	685	(55)
Testing Two Variances	685	(11)
One-Way ANOVA: Comparing Several Sample Means	696	(19)
Introduction to Two-Way ANOVA	715	(13)
Summary	728	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	729	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	730	(3)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	733	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	734	(2)
Using Technology	736	(4)
Nonparametric Statistics	740	(1)
Overview	741
Focus Problem: How Cold? Compared to What?	740	(1)
The Sign Test	741	(12)
The Rank-Sum Test	752	(7)
Spearman Rank Correlation	759	(12)
Summary	771	(1)
Important Words and Symbols	771	(1)
Chapter Review Problems	772	(2)
Data Highlights: Group Projects	774	(1)
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects	775
Appendixes
Appendix I: Additional Topics	A1
Part I: Bayes's Theorem	A1
Part II: The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution	A5
Appendix II: Tables	A10
Table 1: Random Numbers	A10
Table 2: Binomial Coefficients Cn,r	A12
Table 3: Binomial Probability Distribution Cn,r pr qn-r	A13
Table 4: Poisson Probability Distribution	A17
Table 5: Areas of a Standard Normal Distribution	A24
Table 6: Student's Distribution	A25
Table 7: Critical Values of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, r	A26
Table 8: The X2 Distribution	A27
Table 9: The F Distribution	A28
Table 10: Critical Values for Spearman Rank Correlation, rs	A34
Appendix III: Data Files	A35
Answers and Key Steps to Odd-Numbered Problems	A43
Index	I-1