Understanding Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing

by Kalaidjian, Walter

• ISBN13: 9780618405404
• ISBN10: 0618405402
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-05-01
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Understanding Literature is an innovative anthology and technology package representing the next generation of literary pedagogy for introduction to literature and literature for composition courses. Built on a balanced foundation of canonical and nontraditional reading selections, this text includes discussions of the formal literary elements--and integrates relevant and accessible coverage of contemporary criticism. This unique, integrated coverage of contemporary critical approaches offers students a richer, more engaging introduction to reading critically and writing about literature. The integrated technology package, complete with CD-ROM and accompanying web site, takes advantage of multimedia resources to enhance the study of literature with visual aids, audio and video files, additional primary and secondary texts, and other materials that help place literature within the broader contexts of history and culture. Critical Perspectives offer concise, insightful discussions of how literary and cultural theories are used to explore meaning in literature. Casebooks, excerpts from classic and contemporary critical essays, and in-text discussions offer students critical perspectives on how literary theory can facilitate a deeper understanding of literary texts. Critical Perspectives can also be used as a springboard for class discussion and writing. In-depth treatment of Featured Writers in each section allows more focused study of a single writer. This feature includes multiple reading selections showing the range of the writer's work, more extensive biographical information, and additional materials on the CD-ROM and web site. Two unique interdisciplinary, multi-genre chapters ("The Beat Movement" and "Performative Poetics") focus on the spoken and performed aspects of literature. Coverage includes several works from key writers in both movements as well as discussions of how these movements use a mixture of media--language, film, jazz, photography, and art--to showcase their work and provide social and political commentary.

Table of Contents

Brief Contents	v
Preface	xxxi
FICTION
PART I Form and Content	3	(202)
Introduction: Reading Fiction	4	(5)
Narrative Fiction	4	(1)
Characteristics of Fiction	5	(1)
The History of Prose Fiction	6	(1)
Analyzing and Interpreting	7	(2)
Overview: The Formal Elements of Fiction	9	(14)
Critical Perspectives: Formalism and New Criticism	9	(1)
Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Birthmark	10	(13)
Character	23	(45)
Critical Perspective: Psychological Criticism	24	(1)
Critical Perspective: Myth Criticism	25	(1)
Stories About Character	25	(1)
Bartleby the Scrivener	26	(26)
Herman Melville
The Flight of Betsey Lane	52	(16)
Sarah Orne Jewett
Setting	68	(29)
Critical Perspective: New Historicism	69	(1)
Stories About Setting	69	(1)
The Fall of the House of Usher	69	(14)
Edgar Allan Poe
Paul's Mistress	83	(14)
Guy De Maupassant
Plot	97	(24)
Story of the Bad Little Boy	97	(3)
Mark Twain
Plot Versus Story	100	(1)
Plot and Chronology	101	(1)
Narrative	102	(1)
Types of Plot	102	(1)
Realism and Naturalism	103	(1)
The Law of Life	103	(5)
Jack London
To Build a Fire	108	(5)
Jack London
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge	113	(8)
Ambrose Bierce
The Narrator and Point of View	121	(34)
Point of View	122	(2)
Critical Perspective: Gender and Point of View	124	(1)
Critical Perspective: Secrets, Sexuality, and Interpretation	124	(1)
Paul's Case	125	(15)
Willa Cather
The Yellow Wall-Paper	140	(12)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
The Story of an Hour	152	(3)
Kate Chopin
Theme	155	(50)
Critical Perspective: Race Criticism	156	(1)
Critical Perspective: Marxist Criticism	156	(1)
Stories About Race and Class	156	(1)
Everyday Use	157	(7)
Alice Walker
Featured Writer: James Baldwin	164	(1)
Previous Condition	164	(11)
Sonny's Blues	175	(23)
Issues of Class	198	(1)
I Stand Here Ironing	198	(7)
Tillie Olsen
PART II Image, Style, Structure	205	(240)
Reading Image and Style Closely	206	(25)
Critical Perspective: Semiotics	207	(1)
Honore de Balzac, Sarrasine	207	(24)
Image, Motif, and Symbol	231	(114)
Image and Motif	231	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Imagery	232	(1)
Heart of Darkness	233	(62)
Joseph Conrad
Modernism	295	(1)
The Road from Colonus	296	(9)
E. M. Forster
Katherine Mansfield, The Garden-Party	305	(11)
The Horse-Dealer's Daughter	316	(12)
D. H. Lawrence
James Joyce, Araby	328	(4)
Symbols	332	(1)
Featured Writer: Virginia Woolf	333	(1)
The Symbol	333	(3)
Kew Gardens	336	(4)
The Introduction	340	(5)
Language and Style	345	(51)
Critical Perspective: On Style	347	(1)
from ``Speculations, or Post-Impressionism in Prose'' Critical Perspectives: Close Readings and Deconstructive Readings	347	(1)
Mabel Dodge
Stories About Language and Style	348	(1)
Babylon Revisited	348	(16)
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Hills Like White Elephants	364	(4)
Ernest Hemingway
Gertrude Stein, Miss Furr and Miss Skeene	368	(4)
Style as Substance	372	(1)
Featured Writer: William Faulkner	373	(1)
A Rose for Emily	373	(8)
Golden Land	381	(15)
Tone	396	(27)
Critical Perspective: On Tone	397	(1)
Stories About Tone	397	(1)
Sweat	398	(8)
Zora Neale Hurston
A Good Man Is Hard to Find	406	(12)
Flannery O'Connor
In Dreams Begins Reality	418	(5)
W. S. Penn
Structure	423	(22)
Critical Perspectives: Structuralism and Psychoanalytic Criticism	424	(1)
Stories About Structure	424	(1)
The Sacrificial Egg	425	(3)
Chinua Achebe
Studies in the Park	428	(8)
Anita Desai
Blue, Blue Pictures of You	436	(9)
Hanif Kureishi
PART III Reading and Interpreting	445	(246)
The Perils of Interpretation	446	(44)
The Purloined Letter	447	(13)
Edgar Allan Poe
Desire and Interpretation	460	(1)
Critical Perspective: Reader Response Criticism	461	(1)
Parables of Reading and Desire, or Seeing What You Want to See	461	(1)
A Hunger Artist	461	(7)
Franz Kafka
The Shape of the Sword	468	(4)
Jorge Luis Borges
The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World	472	(5)
Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Reading and Misreading	477	(1)
The Vine-Leaf	477	(6)
Maria Cristina Mena
Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette, The Hidden Woman	483	(3)
The Waltz	486	(4)
Dorothy Parker
Questions of Perception and Representation: Postmodernism	490	(23)
Postmodernism	490	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Postmodernism	491	(2)
from ``The Parallels! Italo Calvino and Jorge Luis Borges'' Julio Cortazar, Blow-Up	493	(10)
John Barth
Mr. Palomar on the Beach: Reading a Wave	503	(3)
Italo Calvino
The Store of a Million Items	506	(7)
Michelle Cliff
Metanarrative	513	(45)
Critical Perspective: On Metanarrative	513	(1)
A Story	514	(8)
Rudolfo Anaya
How I Contemplated the World from the Detroit House of Correction and Began My Life Over Again	522	(11)
Joyce Carol Oates
The Calmative	533	(11)
Samuel Beckett
Featured Writer: Salman Rushdie	544	(1)
The Free Radio	544	(6)
At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers	550	(8)
Intertextuality	558	(47)
Collage and Pastiche	558	(1)
Critical Perspective: An Example of Criticism Focused on Intertextuality	559	(1)
Richard Swope, from ``Approaching the Threshold(s) in Postmodern Detective Fiction: Hawthorne's Wakefield and Other Missing Persons''
Ghosts	560	(40)
Paul Auster
Selections from My Cousin, My Gastroenterologist	600	(5)
Mark Leyner
Stories for Further Reading	605	(62)
The Lady with the Dog	605	(12)
Anton Chekhov
This Flower	617	(2)
Katherine Mansfield
Barn Burning	619	(13)
William Faulkner
Lunching at the Ritzmore	632	(5)
Chester Himes
Seventeen Syllables	637	(9)
Hisaye Yamamoto
The Man Who Was Almost a Man	646	(9)
Richard Wright
A Woman on the Roof	655	(6)
Doris Lessing
A & P	661	(6)
John Updike
Critical Perspectives on Literature and Culture: The Beats	667	(24)
Belief & Technique for Modern Prose	669	(1)
Jack Kerouac
America	670	(3)
Allen Ginsberg
A Supermarket in California	673	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
First Party at Ken Kesey's with Hell's Angels	674	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
About the Beat Generation	674	(4)
Jack Kerouac
149th Chorus	678	(1)
Jack Kerouac
211th Chorus	678	(1)
Jack Kerouac
The Thrashing Doves	679	(1)
Jack Kerouac
Dream of a Baseball Star	680	(1)
Gregory Corso
The Finger	681	(3)
William S. Burroughs
Three Modes of History and Culture	684	(2)
Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones)
On Sitting Down to Write, I Decide Instead to Go to Fred Herko's Concert	686	(1)
Diane Di Prima
College Under Water	687	(4)
Anne Waldman
An Album of Art
Madame Recamier
Jacques-Louis David
Olympia
Edouard Manet
Odalisque
Henri Matisse
Reclining Nude from the Back
Amadeo Modigliani
The Memoir Club
Vanessa Bell
Mont Sainte-Victoire
Paul Cezanne
Les demoiselles d'Avignon
Pablo Picasso
The Bather
Georges Braque
Musical Instruments
Georges Braque
The Aficionado
Pablo Picasso
The Dynamism of a Soccer Player
Umberto Boccioni
POETRY
PART IV Understanding Poetic Form	691	(174)
Introduction: Reading Poetry	692	(5)
Marianne Moore, Poetry	693	(4)
Poetic Language: Diction, Word Choice, and Tone	697	(15)
Digging	698	(2)
Seamus Heaney
The Windhover	700	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Breaking Tradition	701	(2)
Janice Mirikitani
The Knight, Death, and the Devil	703	(2)
Randall Jarrell
This Living Hand	705	(1)
John Keats
A Dream of Jealousy	706	(1)
Seamus Heaney
The Fury of Aerial Bombardment	707	(1)
Richard Eberhart
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	708	(1)
Traveling Through the Dark	708	(1)
William Stafford
Didactic Piece	709	(1)
Louise Bogan
The Mind Is an Enchanting Thing	710	(2)
Marianne Moore
Poetic Imagery and Theories of the Modern Image	712	(15)
O Taste and See	712	(1)
Denise Levertov
Eleven	713	(2)
Archibald Macleish
Theories of the Modern Image	715	(1)
In a Station of the Metro	715	(2)
Ezra Pound
The Great Figure	717	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout	718	(1)
Gary Snyder
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	719	(1)
The Dead Butterfly	719	(1)
Denise Levertov
Mexican Desert	720	(1)
Mina Loy
Sea Rose	721	(1)
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle)
Sea Violet	721	(1)
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle)
Preludes	722	(2)
T. S. Eliot
Critical Perspective: On Imagist Poetics	724	(1)
Ezra Pound, from A Few Don'ts for an Imagist
Critical Perspective: Modern Poetry and Formal Invention	725	(2)
William Carlos Williams, from The Wedge
Figurative Language	727	(22)
Metaphors	728	(1)
Sylvia Plath
I Have a Yong Sister	729	(1)
Anonymous
Sonnet 73 (That time of year thou mayst in me behold)	730	(1)
William Shakespeare
Habitation	731	(1)
Margaret Atwood
Separation	732	(1)
W. S. Merwin
I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud	732	(1)
William Wordsworth
Size and Sheer Will	733	(2)
Sharon Olds
Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802	735	(1)
William Wordsworth
Poem 328 (A Bird came down the Walk)	736	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Watch Repair	737	(2)
Charles Simic
Fern Hill	739	(2)
Dylan Thomas
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	741	(1)
The Thought-Fox	741	(1)
Ted Hughes
from Song of Myself (Section 6)	742	(2)
Walt Whitman
The Silken Tent	744	(1)
Robert Frost
A Valediction Forbidding Mourning	745	(1)
John Donne
Dover Beach	746	(3)
Matthew Arnold
Symbolism	749	(22)
The Lamb	750	(1)
William Blake
One Perfect Rose	751	(1)
Dorothy Parker
The Sick Rose	751	(1)
William Blake
The Last Wolf	752	(1)
Mary TallMountain
Mending Wall	753	(3)
Robert Frost
The Moon and the Yew Tree	756	(1)
Sylvia Plath
Strawberries	757	(2)
W. S. Merwin
Upon a Spider Catching a Fly	759	(2)
Edward Taylor
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	761	(1)
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd	761	(7)
Walt Whitman
I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing	768	(1)
Walt Whitman
The Yachts	769	(2)
William Carlos Williams
Myth	771	(18)
Musee des Beaux Arts	771	(2)
W. H. Auden
To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph	773	(1)
Anne Sexton
Jacklight	774	(2)
Louise Erdrich
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	776	(1)
Mythic Fragment	776	(1)
Louise Gluck
Journey of the Magi	777	(1)
T. S. Eliot
Prayer to the Pacific	778	(2)
Leslie Marmon Silko
Coatlicue's Rules: Advice from an Aztec Goddess	780	(3)
Pat Mora
from Song of Myself (Section 24)	783	(2)
Walt Whitman
Ode to the West Wind	785	(4)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Emotive Poetics	789	(10)
Dolor	789	(1)
Theodore Roethke
Waking from Sleep	790	(1)
Robert Bly
Sonnet 29 (When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes)	791	(1)
William Shakespeare
First Song	792	(1)
Galway Kinnell
Poem 258 (There's a certain Slant of light)	793	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	794	(1)
Poem 512 (The Soul has Bandaged moments)	794	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Fever 103°	795	(2)
Sylvia Plath
from Song of Myself (Section 26)	797	(2)
Walt Whitman
Prosody	799	(18)
Sound	799	(1)
Poem 465 (I heard a Fly buzz--when I died)	800	(2)
Emily Dickinson
The Lake Isle of Innisfree	802	(1)
W. B. Yeats
Point Shirley	803	(2)
Sylvia Plath
Kubla Khan	805	(2)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Rhyme	807	(2)
Arms and the Boy	809	(1)
Wilfred Owen
Meter and Rhythm	810	(5)
My Papa's Waltz	815	(2)
Theodore Roethke
Poetic Forms	817	(48)
Fixed Poetic Forms	817	(2)
Blank Verse, Couplets, Tercets, and Quatrains	817	(2)
First Snow in Alsace	819	(3)
Richard Wilbur
Longer Fixed Stanza Forms	820	(1)
The Sonnet	821	(1)
When I Consider How My Light Is Spent	822	(1)
John Milton
Sonnet 55 (Not marble, nor the gilded monuments)	823	(1)
William Shakespeare
Sonnet 75 (One day I wrote her name upon the strand)	824	(1)
Edmund Spenser
the rites for Cousin Vit	824	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
The Villanelle	825	(1)
Theodore Roethke, The Waking	825	(2)
The Sestina	826	(1)
Pattern Poetry, Concrete Poetics, and Vers Libre	827	(1)
Easter Wings	827	(2)
George Herbert
Swan and Shadow	829	(1)
John Hollander
Bleeding	830	(1)
May Swenson
Open Poetic Forms	831	(1)
The Well	831	(2)
W. S. Merwin
Featured Writer: John Keats	833	(1)
On First Looking into Chapman's Homer	834	(1)
On Seeing the Elgin Marbles	835	(2)
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	837	(1)
Ode on a Grecian Urn	837	(3)
Ode to a Nightingale	840	(2)
La Belle Dame sans Merci	842	(3)
The Eve of St. Agnes	845	(11)
To Autumn	856	(1)
Letters of John Keats	857	(1)
Excerpt from Letter to Benjamin Bailey, November 22, 1817	857	(1)
Excerpt from Letter to George and Thomas Keats, December 21, 1817	858	(1)
Excerpt from Letter to John Taylor, February 27, 1818	859	(1)
Excerpt from Letter to John Hamilton Reynolds, May 3, 1818	859	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Keats and Critical Judgment	860	(1)
Cynthia Chase, from ``Viewless Wings: Keats's 'Ode to a Nightingale'''
Critical Perspective: On Keats and Symbolism	861	(1)
David Perkins, from ``The 'Ode to a Nightingale'''
Critical Perspective: On Imagination and Reality in the Odes	862	(3)
Jack Stillinger, from ``Imagination and Reality in the Odes''
PART V Poetry and History	865	(90)
Beyond Formalism: Poetry and New Historicism	866	(7)
London	868	(3)
William Blake
The Author to Her Book	871	(2)
Anne Bradstreet
Critical Perspectives: A Casebook on Poetry and Social Activism Between the Wars	873	(20)
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	877	(1)
Dirge	877	(1)
Kenneth Fearing
$2.50	878	(1)
Kenneth Fearing
X Minus X	879	(1)
Kenneth Fearing
Goodbye Christ	879	(1)
Langston Hughes
Johannesburg Mines	880	(1)
Langston Hughes
Elevator Boy	881	(1)
Langston Hughes
In a Coffee Pot	881	(2)
Alfred Hayes
I Want You Women Up North to Know	883	(3)
Tillie Olsen
Mill Town	886	(1)
Genevieve Taggard
Credo	886	(1)
Edwin Rolfe
Asbestos	887	(1)
Edwin Rolfe
Not Men Alone	887	(1)
Edwin Rolfe
The Minotaur	888	(1)
Muriel Rukeyser
Papermill	889	(1)
Joseph Kalar
Worker Uprooted	889	(1)
Joseph Kalar
Critical Perspective: On Countee Cullen's ``Incident''	890	(1)
Cary Nelson, from Repression and Recovery
Critical Perspective: On Depression Era Culture	891	(2)
Rita Barnard, from The Great Depression and the Culture of Abundance
Critical Perspectives: A Casebook on Poetry, Trauma, and Testimony: Holocaust Verses	893	(39)
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	899	(1)
Shema	899	(1)
Primo Levi
O the Chimneys	900	(1)
Nelly Sachs
Never Shall I Forget	900	(1)
Elie Wiesel
Babii Yar	901	(2)
Yevgeny Yevtushenko
Written in Pencil in the Sealed Railway-Car	903	(1)
Dan Pagis
Death Fugue	904	(2)
Paul Celan
Lady Lazarus	906	(2)
Sylvia Plath
Kotov	908	(1)
William Heyen
The Book of Yolek	909	(1)
Anthony Hecht
Pigtail	910	(1)
Tadeusz Rozewicz
from Holocaust	911	(7)
Charles Reznikoff
from Sources	918	(2)
Adrienne Rich
Draft 17: Unnamed	920	(4)
Rachel Blau DuPlessis
Critical Perspective: On Holocaust Testimony	924	(1)
from ``On Traumatic Knowledge and Literary Studies''
Geoffrey H. Hartman
Critical Perspective: On Paul Celan's Imagery	925	(1)
Shoshana Felman, from Testimony (on Paul Celan's ``Death Fugue'')
Critical Perspective: On Witnessing to the Holocaust	926	(1)
Dori Laub, from Testimony
Critical Perspective: On the Holocaust Survivor	927	(1)
Terrence Des Pres, from The Survivor
Critical Perspective: On Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	928	(4)
Cathy Caruth, from Trauma: Explorations in Memory
Critical Perspectives: A Casebook on Postmodern Poetics	932	(23)
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	940	(1)
Virtual Reality	940	(3)
Bob Perelman
Chronic Meanings	943	(3)
Bob Perelman
Introduction to the World	946	(2)
Fanny Howe
The Kiwi Bird in the Kiwi Tree	948	(1)
Charles Bernstein
Ear Shot	949	(1)
Charles Bernstein
House of Formaldehyde	949	(1)
Charles Bernstein
Critical Perspective: On Nonlinear Poetics	950	(1)
Marjorie Perloff, from ``After Free Verse: The New Nonlinear Poetries''
Critical Perspective: On Postmodernism and Capitalism	951	(1)
Fredric Jameson, from Postmodernism or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism
Critical Perspective: On ``Language Writing''	952	(3)
Bob Perelman, from The Marginalization of Poetry
PART VI Understanding Poetic Representation	955	(406)
Race and Representation	956	(55)
Color and Representation	957	(1)
The White Island, or Place of the Blest	958	(1)
Robert Herrick
Follow Thy Fair Sun	959	(1)
Thomas Campion
from Sonnet 71 (Who will in fairest book of Nature know)	960	(1)
Sir Philip Sidney
Poetry and the Harlem Renaissance	961	(1)
Dream Variations	962	(1)
Langston Hughes
What Do I Care for Morning	963	(1)
Helene Johnson
Poetry and Double-Consciousness	964	(1)
Heritage	964	(5)
Countee Cullen
Heritage	969	(2)
Gwendolyn B. Bennett
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	971	(1)
We Wear the Mask	971	(1)
Paul Laurence Dunbar
The Harlem Dancer	971	(1)
Claude McKay
America	972	(1)
Claude McKay
Portrait in Georgia	972	(1)
Jean Toomer
The Heart of a Woman	972	(1)
Georgia Douglas Johnson
The True American	973	(1)
Georgia Douglas Johnson
My Race	973	(1)
Helene Johnson
To a Dark Girl	973	(1)
Gwendolyn B. Bennett
Critical Perspective: On ``Double-Consciousness''	974	(2)
W. E. B. Du Bois, from The Souls of Black Folk
Critical Perspective: On Race and Art	976	(4)
Langston Hughes, ``The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain''
Critical Perspective: On New Representations of Race	980	(2)
Alain Locke, from The New Negro
Critical Perspective: On Women Writers of the Harlem Renaissance	982	(1)
Gloria T. Hull, from Color, Sex, and Poetry in the Harlem Renaissance
Critical Perspective: On Formal Mastery and the Harlem Renaissance	983	(2)
Houston Baker, from Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance
Critical Perspective: On the White Gaze and Race Representation	985	(1)
Walter Kalaidjian, from American Culture Between the Wars
Critical Perspective: On Langston Hughes and Walt Whitman	986	(2)
George Hutchinson, from The Harlem Renaissance in Black and White
Featured Writer: Gwendolyn Brooks	988	(1)
Sadie and Maud	988	(1)
a song in the front yard	989	(1)
The Mother	990	(2)
Ballad of Pearl May Lee	992	(3)
A Bronzeville Mother Loiters in Mississippi. Meanwhile a Mississippi Mother Burns Bacon	995	(5)
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	1000	(1)
piano after war	1000	(1)
kitchenette building	1001	(1)
Jessie Mitchell's Mother	1002	(1)
We Real Cool	1003	(1)
Gang Girls	1003	(2)
Boy Breaking Glass	1005	(1)
Ulysses	1006	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Gwendolyn Brooks and Poetic Form	1007	(1)
D. H. Melhem, from Gwendolyn Brooks: Poetry and the Heroic Voice
Critical Perspective: On Gwendolyn Brooks and Dramatic Form	1008	(1)
Maria K. Mootry, from ``Down the Whirlwind of Good Rage: An Introduction to Gwendolyn Brooks''
Critical Perspective: On Voice and ``We Real Cool''	1009	(2)
Hortense J. Spillers, from ``Gwendolyn the Terrible: Propositions on Eleven Poems''
Critical Perspectives: A Casebook on Chicano/a Poetry	1011	(20)
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	1014	(1)
Agua Negra	1014	(2)
Pat Mora
Dear Frida	1016	(2)
Pat Mora
Mi Tio Baca El Poeta De Socorro	1018	(2)
Jimmy Santiago Baca
Dust-Bowl Memory	1020	(1)
Jimmy Santiago Baca
Bells	1021	(1)
Jimmy Santiago Baca
Choices	1022	(1)
Jimmy Santiago Baca
Notes from a Chicano 'COED'	1023	(2)
Bernice Zamora
Of Utterances	1025	(1)
Alma Villanueva
The Last Words	1026	(1)
Alma Villanueva
Mexicans Begin Jogging	1027	(1)
Gary Soto
The Tale of Sunlight	1027	(2)
Gary Soto
Little Clown, My Heart	1029	(2)
Sandra Cisneros
Critical Perspectives: A Casebook on Native American Poetry	1031	(25)
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	1035	(1)
Dear John Wayne	1035	(2)
Louise Erdrich
Trickster: 1977	1037	(1)
Wendy Rose
If I Am Too Brown or Too White for You	1038	(1)
Wendy Rose
Story Keeper	1039	(2)
Wendy Rose
Story from Bear Country	1041	(2)
Leslie Marmon Silko
The Boy and the Coyote	1043	(1)
Simon Ortiz
Making an Acquaintance	1044	(1)
Simon Ortiz
She Had Some Horses	1045	(1)
Joy Harjo
Call It Fear	1046	(1)
Joy Harjo
Heritage	1047	(1)
Linda Hogan
Blessings	1048	(2)
Linda Hogan
one chip of human bone	1050	(1)
Ray A. Young Bear
morning-water train woman	1050	(1)
Ray A. Young Bear
the seal	1051	(1)
Ray A. Young Bear
waiting to be fed	1051	(5)
Ray A. Young Bear
Feminism and Representation	1056	(63)
Carpe Diem Verse and Feminist Critique	1057	(1)
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time	1058	(1)
Robert Herrick
To His Coy Mistress	1059	(1)
Andrew Marvell
Blue Girls	1060	(1)
John Crowe Ransom
Elegy XIX. To His Mistress Going to Bed	1061	(2)
John Donne
Leda and the Swan	1063	(1)
W. B. Yeats
Poetry and Re-visionary Feminism	1064	(1)
Poem 1545 (The Bible is an antique Volume)	1064	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Aunt Jennifer's Tigers	1065	(2)
Adrienne Rich
Daddy	1067	(3)
Sylvia Plath
In an Artist's Studio	1070	(1)
Christina Rossetti
Helen	1071	(1)
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle)
Feminist Verse	1072	(1)
The Birth of Venus	1072	(2)
Muriel Rukeyser
The One Girl at the Boys Party	1074	(1)
Sharon Olds
Homage to My Hips	1075	(1)
Lucille Clifton
The Woman Hanging from the Thirteenth Floor Window	1076	(2)
Joy Harjo
From the House of Yemanja	1078	(2)
Audre Lorde
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	1080	(1)
Diving into the Wreck	1080	(3)
Adrienne Rich
Upon the Saying That My Verses Were Made by Another	1083	(2)
Anne Killigrew
In the Waiting Room	1085	(3)
Elizabeth Bishop
Stanzas	1088	(1)
Emily Bronte
Venus Transiens	1089	(1)
Amy Lowell
Critical Perspective: On Feminism and Re-vision	1090	(1)
Adrienne Rich, from ``When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-vision''
Critical Perspective: On Sexual Difference	1091	(2)
Rachel Blau Du Plessis, from ``For the Etruscans''
Featured Writer: Anne Sexton	1093	(1)
For John, Who Begs Me Not to Enquire Further	1094	(2)
Her Kind	1096	(2)
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	1098	(1)
The Moss of His Skin	1098	(1)
Briar Rose (Sleeping Beauty)	1099	(5)
from The Death of the Fathers	1104	(1)
Rapunzel	1105	(4)
The Abortion	1109	(1)
With Mercy for the Greedy	1110	(2)
Said the Poet to the Analyst	1112	(1)
For My Lover, Returning to His Wife	1113	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Anne Sexton's ``Her Kind''	1114	(1)
Anne Sexton, from ``Interview with Barbara Kevles''
Critical Perspective: On the Storyteller	1115	(1)
Diane Wood Middlebrook, from ``Poet of Weird Abundance''
Critical Perspective: On Fathers and Daughters in Sexton's Verse	1116	(1)
Diana Hume George, from ``How We Danced: Anne Sexton on Fathers and Daughters''
Critical Perspective: On Sexton and Confessional Verse	1117	(2)
J. D. McClatchy, from ``Anne Sexton: Somehow to Endure''
Representations of Desire and Sexuality	1119	(37)
Sonnet 43 (How do I love thee? Let me count the ways)	1119	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
On Monsieur's Departure	1120	(1)
Elizabeth I
Somebody's Song	1121	(1)
Dorothy Parker
A Birthday	1122	(1)
Christina Rossetti
I Knew a Woman	1123	(2)
Theodore Roethke
Lord Byron, She Walks in Beauty	1125	(1)
George Gordon
Sonnet 18 (Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?)	1126	(1)
William Shakespeare
Representations of Sexuality	1127	(1)
Countess of Winchilsea, Friendship between Ephelia and Ardelia	1128	(1)
Anne Finch
Poem XI	1129	(1)
Adrienne Rich
Insatiate	1130	(1)
Mae V. Cowdery
Love Poem	1131	(2)
Audre Lorde
Sonnet 20 (A woman's face, with nature's own hand painted)	1133	(1)
William Shakespeare
Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God	1133	(2)
John Donne
Blueberry Man	1135	(2)
David Bergman
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	1137	(1)
Insomnia	1137	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
To the Fair Clarinda, Who Made Love to Me, Imagined More Than Woman	1138	(2)
Aphra Behn
When I Heard at the Close of the Day	1140	(1)
Walt Whitman
Poems I, II, IX	1141	(2)
Mina Loy
The Torso: Passages 18	1143	(2)
Robert Duncan
The Masseuse	1145	(2)
Olga Broumas
Star Trek III	1147	(1)
Richard Harteis
Marriage	1148	(4)
Gregory Corso
Critical Perspective: On Sexual Representation in John Donne's Holy Sonnet 14	1152	(1)
Richard Rambuss, from Closet Devotions
Critical Perspective: On Lesbian Existence and the Lesbian Continuum	1153	(1)
Adrienne Rich, from ``Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence''
Critical Perspective: On Sexual Knowledge, Power, and Ideology in Shakespeare's England	1154	(2)
Bruce Smith, from Homosexual Desire in Shakespeare's England
Postcolonial Poetics	1156	(19)
A Far Cry from Africa	1156	(3)
Derek Walcott
Tomatoes	1159	(2)
Yambo Ouologuem
Poems for Further Reading and Critical Writing	1161	(1)
Ways of Talking	1161	(1)
Ha Jin
Prayer to the Masks	1162	(2)
Leopold Sedar Senghor
Telephone Conversation	1164	(1)
Wole Soyinka
A Young Sniper	1165	(1)
Adrian Oktenberg
A Prison Evening	1166	(1)
Faiz Ahmed Faiz
Border	1166	(1)
Taslima Nasrin
Main Temple Street, Puri	1167	(1)
Jayanta Mahapatra
Song of the Fisher Wife	1168	(1)
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
Assembly Line	1169	(1)
Shu Ting
Bits of Reminiscence	1170	(1)
Shu Ting
Critical Perspective: On Postcolonial Resistance	1170	(1)
Leela Gandhi, from Postcolonial Theory
Critical Perspective: On African Poets and the European Tradition	1171	(4)
Wole Soyinka, from Poems of Black Africa
Poems for Further Reading	1175	(115)
Ai, The Mother's Tale	1175	(1)
The Painter	1176	(1)
John Ashbery
The Shield of Achilles	1177	(2)
W. H. Auden
Lullaby	1179	(1)
W. H. Auden
After the Survivors Are Gone	1180	(1)
Peter Balakian
from Beowulf	1180	(1)
One Art	1181	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
The Divine Image	1182	(1)
William Blake
A Divine Image	1183	(1)
William Blake
A Poison Tree	1183	(1)
William Blake
The Tyger	1183	(1)
William Blake
Medusa	1184	(1)
Louise Bogan
The Pomegranate	1185	(1)
Eavan Boland
To My Dear and Loving Husband	1186	(1)
Anne Bradstreet
[Long Neglect Has Worn Away]	1186	(2)
Emily Bronte
Slim in Atlanta	1188	(1)
Sterling A. Brown
To George Sand, A Desire	1188	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Sonnet 14 (If thou must love me, let it be for naught)	1189	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
My Last Duchess	1189	(2)
Robert Browning
Lord Byron, The Destruction of Sennacherib	1191	(1)
George Gordon
Jabberwocky	1191	(1)
Lewis Carroll
An Apology for Writing So Much upon This Book	1192	(1)
Margaret Cavendish
from The General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales	1193	(2)
Geoffrey Chaucer
To the Ladies	1195	(1)
Lady Mary Chudleigh
Frost at Midnight	1196	(2)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Proem: To Brooklyn Bridge	1198	(1)
Hart Crane
I Know a Man	1199	(1)
Robert Creeley
Incident	1200	(1)
Countee Cullen
in Just-	1200	(1)
E. E. Cummings
The Performance	1201	(1)
James Dickey
Poem 67 (Success is counted sweetest)	1202	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 216 (Safe in their Alabaster Chambers)	1203	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 241 (I like a look of Agony)	1203	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 280 (I felt a Funeral, in my Brain)	1203	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 303 (The Soul selects her own Society)	1204	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 341 (After great pain, a formal feeling comes)	1204	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 435 (Much Madness is divinest Sense)	1205	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 528 (Mine--by the Right of the White Election)	1205	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 754 (My Life had stood--a Loaded Gun)	1205	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 1129 (Tell all the Truth but tell it slant)	1206	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Poem 1763 (Fame is a bee)	1206	(1)
Emily Dickinson
The Sun Rising	1206	(1)
John Donne
Sonnet 10 (Death, be not proud, though some have called thee)	1207	(1)
John Donne
Parsley	1208	(2)
Rita Dove
Sympathy	1210	(1)
Paul Laurence Dunbar
Often I Am Permitted to Return to a Meadow	1210	(1)
Robert Duncan
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock	1211	(3)
T. S. Eliot
When I Was Fair and Young	1214	(1)
Elizabeth I
Concord Hymn	1215	(1)
Ralph Waldo Emerson
The Testimony of Light	1216	(1)
Carolyn Forche
The Road Not Taken	1216	(1)
Robert Frost
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening	1217	(1)
Robert Frost
Design	1217	(1)
Robert Frost
The White Goddess	1218	(1)
Robert Graves
Channel Firing	1218	(2)
Thomas Hardy
Those Winter Sundays	1220	(1)
Robert Hayden
Paul Laurence Dunbar	1220	(1)
Robert Hayden
The Altar	1221	(1)
George Herbert
The Vine	1221	(1)
Robert Herrick
The Pillar of Fame	1222	(1)
Robert Herrick
Yellow Light	1222	(1)
Garrett Kaoru Hongo
Pied Beauty	1223	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Thou Art Indeed Just, Lord	1224	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
To an Athlete Dying Young	1224	(1)
A. E. Housman
Supper	1225	(1)
Andrew Hudgins
Bad Luck Card	1226	(1)
Langston Hughes
Harlem Sweeties	1226	(1)
Langston Hughes
Harlem	1227	(1)
Langston Hughes
Cafe: 3 A.M.	1228	(1)
Langston Hughes
The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner	1228	(1)
Randall Jarrell
In New York City	1228	(1)
Ha Jin
Song: To Celia (II)	1229	(1)
Ben Jonson
Slow, Slow, Fresh Fount	1229	(1)
Ben Jonson
Semele Recycled	1230	(2)
Carolyn Kizer
Blackberries	1232	(1)
Yusef Komunyakaa
Woodchucks	1233	(1)
Maxine Kumin
Talking in Bed	1234	(1)
Philip Larkin
Bavarian Gentians	1234	(1)
D.H. Lawrence
The New Colossus	1235	(1)
Emma Lazarus
The Linen Industry	1235	(1)
Michael Longley
Coal	1236	(1)
Audre Lorde
For the Union Dead	1237	(2)
Robert Lowell
The Garden	1239	(2)
Andrew Marvell
The Maldive Shark	1241	(1)
Herman Melville
Lucifer in Starlight	1241	(1)
George Meredith
The Drunk in the Furnace	1242	(1)
W. S. Merwin
Chord	1243	(1)
W. S. Merwin
Spring	1243	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
On the Late Massacre in Piedmont	1244	(1)
John Milton
Desert Flowers	1244	(2)
Janice Mirikitani
The Fish	1246	(1)
Marianne Moore
Milkweed and Monarch	1247	(1)
Paul Muldoon
The Day Lady Died	1248	(1)
Frank O'Hara
Dulce et Decorum Est	1249	(1)
Wilfred Owen
The Colossus	1250	(1)
Sylvia Plath
Witch Burning	1251	(1)
Sylvia Plath
The Raven	1251	(3)
Edgar Allan Poe
from Epistle II. Of the Nature and State of Man With Respect to Himself, as an Individual	1254	(1)
Alexander Pope
from The Cantos, I	1255	(2)
Ezra Pound
Piazza Piece	1257	(1)
John Crowe Ransom
Richard Cory	1257	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Root Cellar	1258	(1)
Theodore Roethke
In a Dark Time	1258	(1)
Theodore Roethke
After Death	1259	(1)
Christina Rossetti
The Woodspurge	1259	(1)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Chicago	1260	(1)
Carl Sandburg
Grass	1261	(1)
Carl Sandburg
Christ and the Soldier	1261	(1)
Siegfried Sassoon
Sonnet 129 (Th' expense of spirit in a waste of shame)	1262	(1)
William Shakespeare
Sonnet 130 (My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun)	1263	(1)
William Shakespeare
Ozymandias	1263	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
What Length of Verse?	1264	(1)
Sir Philip Sidney
XXXVIII	1264	(1)
Charlotte Smith
The Youngest Daughter	1265	(1)
Cathy Song
from Lifting Belly	1266	(2)
Gertrude Stein
The Snow Man	1268	(1)
Wallace Stevens
The Emperor of Ice-Cream	1268	(1)
Wallace Stevens
Anecdote of the Jar	1269	(1)
Wallace Stevens
Poet to Tiger	1269	(3)
May Swenson
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break	1272	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Crossing the Bar	1272	(1)
In My Craft or Sullen Art	1273	(1)
Dylan Thomas
Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night	1273	(1)
Dylan Thomas
The Owl	1274	(1)
Edward Thomas
I Am a Parcel of Vain Strivings Tied	1274	(1)
Henry David Thoreau
Georgia Dusk	1275	(1)
Jean Toomer
Childhood	1276	(1)
Margaret Walker
On Being Brought from Africa to America	1277	(1)
Phillis Wheatley
from Song of Myself, (Sections 1, 11, 52)	1277	(2)
Walt Whitman
When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer	1279	(1)
Walt Whitman
By the Bivouac's Fitful Flame	1279	(1)
Walt Whitman
Cavalry Crossing a Ford	1279	(1)
Walt Whitman
A Noiseless Patient Spider	1280	(1)
Walt Whitman
The Death of a Toad	1280	(1)
Richard Wilbur
Junk	1281	(1)
Richard Wilbur
Danse Russe	1282	(1)
William Carlos Williams
This Is Just to Say	1283	(1)
William Carlos Williams
The Dance	1283	(1)
William Carlos Williams
The Descent	1284	(1)
William Carlos Williams
She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways	1285	(1)
William Wordsworth
It Is a Beauteous Evening	1285	(1)
William Wordsworth
London, 1802	1286	(1)
William Wordsworth
My Heart Leaps Up	1286	(1)
William Wordsworth
The Journey	1286	(1)
James Wright
They Flee from Me	1287	(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
The Second Coming	1288	(1)
W. B. Yeats
Sailing to Byzantium	1289	(1)
W. B. Yeats
Biographical Sketches of Selected Poets	1290	(46)
Critical Perspectives on Literature: Performance and Performativity	1336	(25)
Performativity	1336	(1)
Performative Poetics	1337	(2)
Signifying	1339	(2)
Chief Song	1341	(1)
Tracie Morris
Performance Literature	1342	(1)
I Could Only Fight Back in My Poetry	1342	(1)
Guillermo Gomez-Pena
Ka'Ba	1343	(1)
Amiri Baraka
Black Dada Nihilismus	1344	(2)
Amiri Baraka
Darryl Strawberry Asleep in a Field of Dreams	1346	(2)
Paul Beatty
A Three Point Shot from Andromeda	1348	(1)
Paul Beatty
The Stupid Jerk I'm Obsessed With	1349	(1)
Maggie Estep
Project Princess	1350	(1)
Tracie Morris
Gangsta Suite	1351	(2)
Tracie Morris
The Book of Genesis According to St. Miguelito	1353	(2)
Miguel Pinero
Blood Rhythms--Blood Currents-Black Blue N Stylin'	1355	(6)
Ntozake Shange
An Album of Art
Composition vi
Vasily Kandinsky
I Saw the Figure Five in Gold
Charles Henry Demuth
Marilyn Monroe (Twenty Times)
Andy Warhol
The Chicago Women's Graphics Collective, Boycott Lettuce and Grapes
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
Pieter Brueghel
The Birth of Venus
Botticelli
An Allegory: Vision of a Knight
Raphael
Leda and the Swan
Michelangelo
Illuminated manuscript of The Lamb
William Blake
The Girlhood of Mary Virgin
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Thou Shalt Not Kill
Samuel Bak
DRAMA
PART VII Form and Content	1361	(630)
What Is Drama?	1362	(24)
Six Essential Elements of Drama	1365	(1)
Action or Plot	1365	(1)
Plot: The Case of Andre's Mother	1366	(1)
Terrence McNally, Andre's Mother	1366	(10)
Character	1372	(1)
Thought and Language	1373	(2)
Spectacle	1375	(1)
The Elements of Drama Today	1376	(9)
Coda: Reading Drama, Imagining Theater	1385	(1)
Drama on the Stage	1386	(9)
The Text	1388	(1)
Requiem from Death of a Salesman	1388	(2)
Arthur Miller
What We See and Hear in the Theater: Elements of Mise-en-Scene	1390	(3)
The Requiem: Two Different Productions	1393	(2)
Kinds of Drama: Tragedy	1395	(54)
Athenian Drama and the Theatre of Dionysus	1396	(2)
Oedipus Rex: Myth and Play	1398	(2)
Oedipus Rex: Plot and Character	1400	(2)
Spectacle in Oedipus Rex	1402	(1)
Oedipus and Interpretive Theory	1403	(3)
Sophocles, Oedipus Rex	1406	(41)
Critical Perspective: On Characterization in Greek Tragedy	1447	(1)
P. E. Easterling, from ``Character in Sophocles''
Critical Perspective: On Greek Theater and Religious Ritual	1447	(1)
David Wiles, from Tragedy in Athens
Critical Perspective: On Greek Tragedy and Women	1448	(1)
Helene P. Foley, from Female Acts in Greek Tragedy
Kinds of Drama: Comedy	1449	(19)
The Comic Form	1449	(4)
Plot	1450	(2)
Character	1452	(1)
Satire: Scene, Language, Thought	1453	(2)
Reading the Comic Form	1455	(1)
Moliere, The Flying Doctor	1456	(10)
Critical Perspective: On the Plot of The Flying Doctor	1466	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Characterization: Moliere and Aristotle	1467	(1)
Andrew Calder, from Moliere: The Theory and Practice of Comedy
Critical Perspective: On Fathers and Daughters in Seventeenth-Century France	1467	(1)
Featured Writer: William Shakespeare	1468	(181)
Shakespeare's Stage and Career	1470	(2)
Hamlet	1472	(3)
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark	1475	(108)
William Shakespeare
Critical Perspective: On Hamlet as a Political Drama	1583	(1)
Raymond Williams, from Modern Tragedy
Critical Perspective: Toward a Feminist Reading of Hamlet	1584	(1)
Elaine Showalter, from ``Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism''
Critical Perspective: On Shakespeare's Enduring Presence in Our Culture	1584	(1)
The Tempest	1584	(3)
The Tempest	1587	(60)
William Shakespeare
Critical Perspective: The Tempest and Genre	1647	(1)
Critical Perspective: Caliban as Colonized Subject	1648	(1)
David Cairns and Shaun Richards, from Writing Ireland
Critical Perspective: ``The School of Caliban''	1648	(1)
Jose David Saldivar, from ``The Dialectics of Our America''
Forms of Modern Drama	1649	(149)
The Rise of Modern Drama at the End of the Nineteenth Century	1650	(2)
Henrik Ibsen's Hedda Gabler: From Melodrama to Realism	1652	(1)
Realistic Form: Plot and Character in Hedda Gabler	1653	(2)
Language and Mise-en-Scene	1655	(1)
Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler	1656	(60)
Critical Perspective: Ibsen's Nineteenth-Century Detractors	1716	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Modern Realism (Ibsen and Chekhov)	1716	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Ibsen's Formal and Social Radicalism	1716	(1)
Critical Perspective: Hedda's Anxieties	1717	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Melodrama and Realism	1717	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Hedda and Gender Roles	1717	(1)
Anton Chekhov: The Cherry Orchard and Tragicomedy	1717	(3)
The Cherry Orchard	1720	(39)
Anton Chekhov
Critical Perspective: On Social Class in The Cherry Orchard	1759	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Repression in The Cherry Orchard	1759	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Chekhov's Aesthetic Innovations	1760	(1)
Susan Glaspell and Eugene O'Neill: Toward an American Avant-Garde	1760	(3)
Notes on Production	1763	(1)
Trifles	1763	(11)
Susan Glaspell
Critical Perspective: On Male ``Rationality'' and Domination	1774	(1)
Critical Perspective: On the Maternal in Trifles	1775	(1)
Critical Perspective: On the Source of Trifles: Glaspell as ``Gonzo'' Journalist	1775	(1)
The Emperor Jones	1776	(20)
Eugene O'Neill
Critical Perspective: On Modern Tragedy	1796	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Casting Brutus Jones for the 1920 Production	1797	(1)
Critical Perspective: On the Effect of The Emperor Jones on O'Neill's Career	1797	(1)
Realism Revisited: Two American Writers	1798	(128)
Tennessee Williams's ``Gauzy Realism'': The Glass Menagerie	1799	(1)
The Glass Menagerie	1800	(49)
Tennessee Williams
Critical Perspective: On Its Premiere in New York	1849	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Memory and Illusion	1849	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Williams's Expressionism	1850	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Williams's Women	1850	(1)
Beyond ``Straight Realism'': Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman	1850	(2)
Death of a Salesman	1852	(72)
Arthur Miller
Critical Perspective: On the Appeal of Death of a Salesman in 1949	1924	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Miller, Tennessee Williams, and the Great Depression	1924	(1)
C. W. E. Bigsby, from Modern American Drama, 1945-1990
Critical Perspective: On Miller's Achievement in Death of a Salesman	1924	(2)
Absurdism	1926	(65)
The Philosophical Roots of Absurdism	1927	(1)
Endgame and Absurdist Form	1928	(1)
Endgame	1929	(59)
Samuel Beckett
Critical Perspective: Beckett after Auschwitz	1988	(1)
Theodor Adorno, from ``Trying to Understand Endgame''
Critical Perspective: Beckett and Shakespeare, Tragedy and the Grotesque	1988	(1)
Jan Kott, from Shakespeare Our Contemporary
Critical Perspective: On Beckett, Modernism, and Postmodernism	1988	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Materiality in Beckett and Why It Matters	1989	(2)
PART VIII Reading and Interpreting: An Anthology of Contemporary Plays	1991	(230)
Race and Gender on the American Stage	1992	(63)
From LeRoi Jones to Amiri Baraka: Dutchman and the Black Arts Movement	1994	(2)
Dutchman	1996	(20)
Amiri Baraka
Critical Perspective: On Black Cultural Nationalism	2016	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Baraka, Clay, and the Need for Social Change	2016	(1)
Critical Perspective: Dutchman as Drama of the Self	2017	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Black Theatre and Dramatic Form	2017	(1)
``Poverties,'' and Shadow of a Man	2017	(2)
Cherrie Moraga
Shadow of a Man	2019	(34)
Cherrie Moraga
Critical Perspective: On the Emergence of Chicano Theatre: A Feminist Critique	2053	(1)
Yvonne Yarbro-Benjamin, from ``The Female Subject in Chicano Theatre: Sexuality, 'Race', and Class''
Critical Perspective: On Being ``La Guerra''	2054	(1)
Critical Perspective: Shadow of a Man in Denver, February 1995: Moraga and Arthur Miller	2054	(1)
Catherine Wiley, from ``Shadow of a Man''
Drama and (Post) Colonialism	2055	(109)
Mourning, Colonialism, and Death and the King's Horseman	2058	(1)
Death and the King's Horseman	2059	(50)
Wole Soyinka
Critical Perspective: On Colonialism and the Colonized	2109	(1)
Critical Perspective: On the Legacy of Colonialism	2109	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Staging Death and the King's Horseman	2110	(1)
Martin Rohmer, from ``Wole Soyinka's 'Death and the King's Horseman,' Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester''
Critical Perspective: On Political Criticism of the Play	2110	(1)
D. H. Hwang's M. Butterfly and ``The Oriental''	2111	(1)
M. Butterfly	2112	(50)
David Henry Hwang
Critical Perspective: On D. H. Hwang's Politics in M. Butterfly	2162	(1)
Critical Perspective: On Racism, Sexism, and Imperialism	2163	(1)
The Contemporary Stage: Two Writers	2164	(57)
Ashes to Ashes	2166	(15)
Harold Pinter
Wit	2181	(40)
Margaret Edson
An Album of Art
Set design for Death of a Salesman
Leaf Projection design for Death of a Salesman
Ferdinand Lured by Ariel
Sir John Everett Millais
Ophelia
Sir John Everett Millais
WRITING
PART IX Writing about Literature	2221
Writing about Literature	2222	(11)
Making Decisions	2222	(4)
Getting Ready
Thesis Statements	2223	(3)
Writing	2226	(5)
Arguments and Admissible Evidence: Paraphrase and Quotation	2227	(3)
Concluding	2230	(1)
Revision and Final Thoughts	2231	(2)
Writing about Fiction	2233	(7)
An Ongoing Conversation	2233	(1)
Drafting Your Essay	2234	(1)
Admissible Evidence	2235	(1)
Final Thoughts	2236	(1)
Sample Student Essay	2236	(4)
Writing about Poetry	2240	(14)
Handling Quotations	2243	(2)
Sample Student Essay	2245	(1)
Birches	2245	(9)
Robert Frost
Commentary	2253	(1)
Writing about Drama	2254	(17)
Quoting Dialogue	2256	(1)
Final Thoughts	2256	(1)
Sample Student Essay	2256	(15)
Commentary	2269	(2)
Writing a Research Paper	2271
Prewriting	2272	(6)
Thesis Statements	2273	(1)
Finding and Evaluating Sources	2274	(1)
Taking Notes from Sources	2275	(1)
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Avoiding Plagiarism	2276	(2)
Writing	2278	(2)
Revision	2280	(1)
Notes and Works Cited	2281	(3)
Sample Student Essay	2284
Glossary	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index of Literary Terms	1	(8)
Index of First Lines	9	(7)
Index of Authors and Titles	16