Understanding and Using English Grammar: With Answer Key

by Azar, Betty Schrampfer

• ISBN13: 9780130976055
• ISBN10: 0130976059
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-09-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Table of Contents

Preface to the Third Edition	xiii
Acknowledgments	xv
Overview of Verb Tenses
The Simple Tenses	2	(1)
The Progressive Tenses	3	(1)
The Perfect Tenses	4	(1)
The Perfect Progressive Tenses	5	(1)
Summary Chart of Verb Tenses	6	(4)
Spelling of -Ing and -Ed Forms	10	(3)
Present and Past, Simple and Progressive
Simple Present	13	(1)
Present Progressive	13	(2)
Stative Verbs	15	(2)
Am/Is/Are Being + Adjective	17	(2)
Regular and Irregular Verbs	19	(1)
Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ED Endings	20	(2)
Irregular Verbs: An Alphabetical List	22	(4)
Troublesome Verbs: Raise/Rise, Set/Sit, Lay/Lie	26	(1)
Simple Past	27	(1)
Past Progressive	28	(2)
Using Progressive Verbs with Always to Complain	30	(1)
Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Verbs	31	(5)
Perfect and Perfect Progressive Tenses
Present Perfect	36	(6)
Present Perfect Progressive	42	(3)
Past Perfect	45	(2)
Past Perfect Progressive	47	(4)
Future Time
Simple Future: Will and Be Going To	51	(1)
Will vs. Be Going To	52	(3)
Expressing the Future in Time Clauses	55	(2)
Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time	57	(3)
Future Progressive	60	(2)
Future Perfect	62	(1)
Future Perfect Progressive	62	(8)
Adverb Clauses of Time and Review of Verb Tenses
Adverb Clauses of Time: Form	70	(2)
Using Adverb Clauses to Show time Relationships	72	(12)
Subject--Verb Agreement
Final -S/-Es: Use, Pronunciation, and Spelling	84	(4)
Basic Subject-Verb Agreement	88	(1)
Subject--Verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity	89	(1)
Subject--Verb Agreement: Using There + Be	90	(2)
Subject--Verb Agreement: Some Irregularities	92	(8)
Nouns
Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns	100	(3)
Possessive Nouns	103	(2)
Using Nouns as Modifiers	105	(2)
Count and Noncount Nouns	107	(1)
Noncount Nouns	108	(1)
Some Common Noncount Nouns	108	(4)
Basic Article Usage	112	(3)
General Guidelines for Article Usage	115	(4)
Expressions of Quantity	119	(4)
Using A Few and Few; A Little and Little	123	(2)
Using Of in Expressions of Quantity	125	(1)
All (Of) and Both (Of)	126	(2)
Singular Expressions of Quantity: One, Each, Every	128	(4)
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns	132	(2)
Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns	134	(2)
Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns	136	(2)
Reflexive Pronouns	138	(2)
Using You, One, and They as Impersonal Pronouns	140	(2)
Forms of Other	142	(3)
Common Expressions with Other	145	(6)
Modals, Part 1
Introduction	151	(1)
Polite Questions with I as the Subject	152	(1)
Polite Questions with You as the Subject	152	(1)
Polite Requests with Would You Mind	153	(4)
Expressing Necessity: Must, Have to, Have Got To	157	(1)
Lack of Necessity and Prohibition: Have To and Must in the Negative	158	(2)
Advisability: Should, Ought To, Had Better	160	(3)
The Past Form of Should	163	(3)
Expectations: Be Supposed To	166	(3)
Making Suggestions: Let's, Why Don't, Shall I/We	169	(2)
Making Suggestions: Could vs. Should	171	(5)
Modals, Part 2
Degrees of Certainty: Present Time	176	(2)
Degrees of Certainty: Present Time Negative	178	(3)
Degrees of Certainty: Past Time	181	(3)
Degrees of Certainty: Future Time	184	(4)
Progressive Forms of Modals	188	(5)
Ability: Can and Could	193	(2)
Using Would to Express a Repeated Action in the Past	195	(2)
Expressing Preference: Would Rather	197	(1)
Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals	198	(1)
Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions	199	(9)
The Passive
Forming the Passive	208	(3)
Using the Passive	211	(2)
Indirect Objects Used as Passive Subjects	213	(5)
The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals	218	(7)
Stative Passive	225	(3)
Common Stative Passive Verbs + Prepositions	228	(4)
The Passive with Get	232	(3)
Participial Adjectives	235	(4)
Noun Clauses
Introduction	239	(1)
Noun Clauses Beginning with a Question Word	240	(5)
Noun Clauses Beginning with Whether or If	245	(2)
Question Words Followed by Infinitives	247	(1)
Noun Clauses Beginning with That	248	(3)
Quoted Speech	251	(3)
Reported Speech: Verb Forms in Noun Clauses	254	(9)
Using the Subjunctive in Noun Clauses	263	(2)
Using -Ever Words	265	(2)
Adjective Clauses
Introduction	267	(1)
Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject	268	(1)
Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb	268	(1)
Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition	269	(1)
Usual Patterns of Adjective Clauses	270	(4)
Using Whose	274	(3)
Using Where in Adjective Clauses	277	(1)
Using When in Adjective Clauses	277	(3)
Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns	280	(1)
Punctuating Adjective Clauses	281	(4)
Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses	285	(1)
Using Noun + Of Which	286	(1)
Using Which to Modify a Whole Sentence	286	(4)
Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases: Introduction	290	(1)
Changing an Adjective Clause to an Adjective Phrase	290	(7)
Gerunds and Infinitives, Part 1
Gerunds: Introduction	297	(1)
Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions	298	(1)
Common Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds	299	(3)
Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds	302	(1)
Go + Gerund	303	(1)
Special Expressions Followed by -Ing	304	(3)
Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives	307	(4)
Common Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds	311	(7)
Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds	318	(1)
Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives	319	(4)
It + Infinitive; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects	323	(3)
Gerunds and Infinitives, Part 2
Infinitive of Purpose: In Order To	326	(2)
Adjectives Followed by Infinitives	328	(2)
Using Infinitives with Too and Enough	330	(1)
Passive and Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds	331	(2)
Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following Need	333	(1)
Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund	334	(2)
Using Verbs of Perception	336	(2)
Using the Simple Form After Let and Help	338	(1)
Using Causative Verbs: Make, Have, Get	339	(9)
Coordinating Conjunctions
Parallel Structure	348	(5)
Using Paired Conjunctions: Both...And; Not Only...But Also; Either...Or; Neither...Nor	353	(2)
Combining Independent Clauses with Coordinating Conjunctions	355	(4)
Adverb Clauses
Introduction	359	(3)
Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect	362	(1)
Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using Even Though	363	(3)
Showing Direct Contrast: While and Whereas	366	(1)
Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: If-Clauses	367	(1)
Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Whether or Not and Even If	368	(1)
Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using In Case and In The Event That	369	(1)
Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Unless	370	(1)
Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Only If	371	(3)
Reduction of Adverb Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases
Introduction	374	(1)
Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases	375	(1)
Expressing the Idea of ``During the Same Time'' in Modifying Adverbial Phrases	376	(1)
Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases	376	(4)
Using Upon + -Ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases	380	(5)
Connectives that Express Cause and Effect, Contrast, and Condition
Using Because Of and Due To	385	(2)
Using Transitions to Show Cause and Effect: Therefore and Consequently	387	(2)
Summary of Patterns and Punctuation	389	(2)
Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: Such...That and So...That	391	(2)
Expressing Purpose: Using So That	393	(2)
Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result)	395	(3)
Showing Direct Contrast	398	(3)
Expressing Conditions: Using Otherwise and Or (Else)	401	(1)
Summary of Connectives: Cause and Effect, Contrast, Condition	402	(11)
Conditional Sentences and Wishes
Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences	413	(1)
True in the Present or Future	414	(1)
Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future	415	(3)
Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Past	418	(5)
Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences	423	(1)
Using ``Mixed Time'' in Conditional Sentences	424	(1)
Omitting If	424	(1)
Implied Conditions	425	(5)
Using As If/As Though	430	(2)
Verb Forms Following Wish	432	(2)
Using Would to Make Wishes About the Future	434
Appendix SUPPLEMENTARY GRAMMAR UNITS
Unit A: Basic Grammar Terminology
A-1 Subjects, Verbs, and Objects	1	(2)
A-2 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases	3	(1)
A-3 Adjectives	4	(1)
A-4 Adverbs	4	(2)
A-5 The Verb Be	6	(1)
A-6 Linking Verbs	6	(2)
Unit B: Questions
B-1 Forms of Yes/No and Information Questions	8	(1)
B-2 Question Words	9	(3)
B-3 Shortened Yes/No Questions	12	(1)
B-4 Negative Questions	13	(2)
B-5 Tag Questions	15	(2)
Unit C: Contractions	17	(1)
Unit D: Negatives
D-1 Using Not and Other Negative Words	18	(2)
D-2 Avoiding Double Negatives	20	(1)
D-3 Beginning a Sentence with a Negative Word	20	(1)
Unit E: Preposition Combinations
E-1 Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Verbs	21	(3)
Unit F: Connectives to Give Examples and To Continue an Idea
F-1 Connectives to Give Examples	24	(2)
F-2 Connectives to Continue the Same Idea	26	(1)
Unit G: Verb Form Review Exercises	26
Answer Key	1	(1)
Index	1