Understanding Violence and Victimization

by Robert J. Meadows

• ISBN13: 9780134521299
• ISBN10: 0134521293
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2013-05-30
• Publisher: PEARSO

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
1 Victimization: Theories and Reporting Measures	1	(45)
Learning Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	2	(1)
Violence and the Fear of Violent Crime	3	(3)
Costs of Victimization	6	(2)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Experienced by Victims	8	(2)
Related Traumas Experienced by Victims	10	(2)
Review of Early Victimization Theory	12	(4)
Mendelshon's Typologies	12	(1)
Hentig's Victim Classification	13	(2)
Sellin and Wolfgang's Typology	15	(1)
Other Theories	16	(1)
Victimization Theory	16	(5)
Victim Precipitation Theory	16	(1)
Victim-Offender Relationships in Homicides	17	(1)
Lifestyle Theory	18	(1)
Serial Killers	18	(1)
The Homeless as Victims	19	(1)
Proximity Hypothesis	19	(2)
Routine Activities Theory	21	(2)
Injustice of the Criminal Justice System	23	(6)
Crime and Victimization Data	29
Data for 1995	30	(1)
Sources of Data on Crime and Victimization	30	(5)
Data on School Crime and Violence	35
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
REFERENCES
FURTHER READINGS
2 Victims of Family and Intimate Violence	46	(43)
Learning Objectives	46	(1)
Introduction	47	(1)
The Stalking Problem	47	(3)
Antistalking Legislation	50	(3)
Legal Responses	50	(1)
Michigan	51	(1)
California	52	(1)
Model Antistalking Legislation	53	(1)
Behavioral Approach to Stalking	53	(1)
Domestic Violence	54	(3)
Explaining Domestic Violence	57	(2)
Recognizing a Potentially Abusive Partner	59	(12)
The Law and Domestic Violence	61	(1)
Developments in the States	62	(1)
The Federal Crime Control Act and Domestic Violence	63	(8)
Elder Abuse	71	(2)
Child Abuse	73	(1)
Victims of Rape	74	(9)
Date Rape	77	(3)
Preventing Rape	80	(2)
Marital Rape	82	(1)
Responding to Rape	83
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
REFERENCES
FURTHER READINGS
3 Victims of Violence Perpetrated by Strangers	89	(22)
Learning Objectives	89	(1)
Introduction	90	(1)
Robbery	90	(7)
Recent Statistics	90	(2)
Home Invasion Robbery	92	(1)
Carjacking	93	(4)
Murders and Assaults by Strangers	97	(5)
Spontaneous Murders	99	(3)
Murders and Assaults That Target Victims	102	(4)
Serial Killers	102	(4)
Avoiding Stranger Victimization	106
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
REFERENCES
FURTHER READINGS
4 Workplace Violence	111	(32)
Learning Objectives	111	(1)
Introduction	112	(1)
Violence in the Workplace	112	(22)
Categorization of Workplace Violence	117	(2)
Sources of Distress That Can Result in Workplace Violence	119	(2)
Warning Signs of Violence	121	(8)
Victimization and the Workplace Environment	129	(1)
Employer Liability for Workplace Victimization	130	(4)
Sexual Harassment and Legal Liability	134	(2)
Reducing the Violence Threat: The Targeted Human Resource Approach	136
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
REFERENCES
FURTHER READINGS
5 Responding to Criminal Victimization	143	(52)
Learning Objectives	143	(1)
Introduction	144	(1)
Proactive Responses	144	(10)
Personal Protection Measures and Handguns	144	(4)
Security Measures	148	(6)
Opportunity Reduction Approaches: Does Environment Determine Victimization	154	(13)
Defensible Space Theory	156	(2)
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design	158	(5)
Situational Crime Prevention	163	(4)
Reactive Responses to Victimization	167
Victim Compensation Programs	167	(7)
Actions Taken to Protect Victims' Rights in the 1990s	174	(7)
Community Reactions to Violence: Victim Advocacy and Support Groups	181	(4)
Civil Justice for Victims	185
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
REFERENCES
FURTHER READINGS
Appendix A: Major Sources of Victimization Data	195	(2)
Appendix B: Threat Requirements	197	(3)
Appendix C: A Model Antistalking Legislation for the States	200	(3)
Appendix D: Domestic Violence Coalitions by State	203	(3)
Appendix E: Resource Guide	206	(3)
Index	209