The United States Legal System

by Johns, Margaret Z.; Pershbacher, Rex R.

• ISBN13: 9780890890417
• ISBN10: 0890890412
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-05-01
• Publisher: Carolina Academic Pr

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	viii
Introduction to United States Legal Education	3	(22)
The History of Legal Education	3	(6)
The Apprenticeship System	3	(2)
The Academic Model	5	(4)
The Nature of Legal Education	9	(6)
Lengdell's Harvard Model	9	(2)
Practical Professional Training	11	(4)
Legal Education Today	15	(7)
Discussion Questions	22	(3)
Introduction to the United States Legal Profession	25	(36)
The Regulation of Lawyers	25	(2)
The Number of Lawyers	27	(2)
The Gender and Racial Diversity of the Bar	29	(6)
Gender Diversity	29	(3)
Racial Diversity	32	(3)
The Settings in which Lawyers Practice	35	(26)
Historical Overview	35	(2)
Sole Practitioners and Small Firms	37	(3)
Middle-Sized and Large Firms	40	(1)
Middle-Sized Firms	40	(1)
Large Firms	41	(5)
In-House Counsel	46	(3)
Lawyers for the Government	49	(1)
Lawyers in the Judiciary	49	(3)
Lawyers for Local Governments	52	(1)
Lawyers for State Governments	52	(1)
Lawyers for the Federal Government	53	(1)
Public Interest Lawyers	53	(1)
The Historical Antecedents	53	(1)
Lawyers for the Poor	54	(4)
Advocates for Group Legal Rights	58	(3)
Introduction to the United States Legal System	61	(44)
Multiple Sovereignties	62	(4)
Federalism	62	(2)
Substantive Law Areas of the Multiple Sovereigns	64	(2)
The Federal Government	66	(17)
United States Constitution	66	(1)
The Three Branches of Government	67	(1)
The Legislative Branch	68	(1)
The Executive Branch	68	(1)
The Judicial Branch	69	(1)
Court Structure	69	(1)
Trial Courts	69	(2)
Appellate Courts	71	(2)
Supreme Court	73	(2)
Federal Jurisdiction	75	(2)
Judicial Review	77	(3)
Separation of Powers	80	(3)
The State Governments	83	(9)
State Court Structure	83	(1)
Trial Courts	83	(2)
Intermediate appellate courts	85	(1)
Supreme courts	86	(1)
Parallels and Contrasts to the Federal System	86	(2)
Areas of State Law	88	(1)
Continuing Evolution of the Common Law	89	(3)
Two Features of the United States Judicial Process	92	(5)
The Doctrine of Stare Decisis	92	(2)
The Merger of Law and Equity	94	(3)
The Overlap and Complexities	97	(5)
Discussion Questions	102	(3)
Introduction to Statutes and Statutory Interpretation	105	(46)
Approaches to Statutory Interpretation	105	(2)
The Literal Rule	105	(1)
The Golden Rule	106	(1)
The Social Purpose Approach	107	(1)
Canons of Construction	107	(14)
Plain Meaning	108	(1)
United States v. Locke	108	(4)
Dissent to United States v. Locke	112	(4)
Ejusdem Generis (``Of the Same Kind'')	116	(1)
Noscitur a Sociis (``It Is Known by Its Companions'')	117	(1)
Expressio Unius (``The Mention of One Thing Excludes Other Things'')	117	(1)
Narrow Construction of Penal Statutes	117	(1)
Broad Construction of Remedial Statutes	118	(1)
Specific Statutes Take Precedence Over General Statutes	118	(1)
Strawberry v. Albright	118	(2)
Dueling Canons	120	(1)
Legislative Intent	121	(16)
The Legislative Process	121	(1)
Legislative History	121	(2)
Wisconsin Public Intervenor v. Mortier	123	(5)
Concurring Opinion in Wisconsin Public Intervenor v. Mortier	128	(9)
The Retroactivity Problem	137	(14)
Martin v. Hadix	140	(11)
Introduction to Cases and Case Analysis	151	(52)
Reading Cases	151	(3)
Evolution of the Common Law	154	(9)
Applebaum v. Kidwell	154	(2)
Isaacs v. Huntington Memorial Hospital	156	(7)
Stare Decisis	163	(14)
Ann M. v. Pacific Plaza Shopping Center	164	(13)
Continuing Evolution of the Common Law	177	(9)
Rosenbaum v. Security Pacific Corporation	177	(9)
The Retroactivity Problem	186	(17)
Douglas v. Ostermeier	189	(14)
Putting It All Together	203	(22)
Romero Facts	203	(1)
Romero Procedure	204	(1)
Romero Issue	205	(1)
Separation of Powers Analysis	205	(5)
Statutory Construction of the Three Strikes Law	210	(7)
Retroactivity of the Romero Decision	217	(3)
Disposition of Romero	220	(5)
Glossary	225	(6)
Index	231