U.S. Foreign Policy

by Cox, Michael; Stokes, Doug

• ISBN13: 9780199226429
• ISBN10: 0199226423
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-07-15
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Bringing together contributions from a number of the world's leading experts, U.S. Foreign Policy provides the most comprehensive introduction to the topic available. It covers the rise of America, U.S. foreign policy during and after the Cold War, and the complex issues facing the U.S. since September 11th. The only textbook that includes a section on U.S. foreign policy in several different regions around the world, it enables students to analyze U.S. foreign policy in practice. U.S. Foreign Policy integrates exceptional pedagogical features throughout, including readers' guides, key points, questions, guides to further reading, text boxes, and a glossary. An accompanying companion website offers an interactive timeline, an interactive map, multiple-choice questions, monthly commentaries, a flashcard glossary, essay questions, and seminar questions and activities.

Author Biography

Michael Cox is Professor of International Relations at London School of Economics.
Doug Stokes is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Kent at Canterbury.

Table of Contents

List of boxes	p. xvii
List of controversies	p. xix
List of key quotes	p. xx
List of major debates and their impact	p. xxii
About the editors	p. xxiii
About the contributors	p. xxv
Introduction: US foreign policy-past, present, and future	p. 1
Theories of US foreign policy	p. 7
Introduction	p. 8
Theories of American foreign policy	p. 10
Origins of the Cold War	p. 17
Grand strategy	p. 19
Conclusion	p. 22
American exceptionalism	p. 24
Introduction: American difference and exceptionality	p. 25
Difference, exceptionality, and success	p. 26
Liberal exceptionalism	p. 29
Peculiar Americanism	p. 32
Exceptionality and foreign policy	p. 35
Conclusion: unipolarity, war on terrorism, and unilateralism	p. 39
Historical Contexts	p. 43
The US rise to world power, 1776-1945	p. 45
Introduction	p. 46
From colonies to continental empire, 1776-1865	p. 46
From old empire to new empire, 1865-1913	p. 50
Wilson's empire of ideology-and the bitter reaction, 1913-33	p. 52
The road from economic depression to the Cold War, 1933-45	p. 56
Conclusion	p. 60
American foreign policy during the Cold War	p. 63
Introduction	p. 64
The Cold War and theorizing American foreign policy	p. 65
The origins of the Cold War and containment	p. 68
Korea, NSC-68, and the militarization of US foreign policy	p. 76
Cold War in the third world	p. 78
Ending the Cold War	p. 83
Conclusion	p. 86
America in the 1990s: searching for purpose	p. 88
Introduction: post-Cold War American internationalism	p. 89
Searching for purpose: the 'Kennan sweepstakes'	p. 90
Foreign policy making in the new order	p. 96
US foreign policy in the post-Cold War era	p. 98
Conclusion	p. 103
Institutions and Processes	p. 105
The foreign policy process: executive, Congress, intelligence	p. 107
Introduction	p. 108
Challenge of foreign policy to state formation	p. 108
Foreign policy as a primary agency of governmental adaptation	p. 110
Congress and the challenge of co-equality	p. 115
Democratic dilemmas	p. 120
9/11, the war on terror, and new tensions	p. 123
Conclusion	p. 126
Military power and US foreign policy	p. 129
Introduction	p. 130
Rise of American military power, 1945-91: containment and deterrence	p. 130
The post-Cold War era: confronting fundamental questions	p. 133
The administration of George W. Bush: terrorism and pre-emption	p. 137
Conclusion	p. 143
Regional shifts and US foreign policy	p. 145
Introduction	p. 146
Regional interests and foreign policy	p. 147
The great debate over expansionism	p. 148
The struggle over internationalism	p. 152
American primacy and the 'new sectionalism'	p. 157
Conclusion	p. 160
Media and US foreign policy	p. 163
Introduction	p. 164
Concepts	p. 164
The pluralist model	p. 166
The elite model	p. 172
Public and media diplomacy	p. 178
Conclusion: new technology and US power	p. 179
Identities and US foreign policy	p. 183
Introduction	p. 184
Interests and US foreign policy	p. 185
Critical social constructivism	p. 186
Discourses as productive	p. 191
Critical social constructivism as critique	p. 195
Identity in US foreign policy	p. 198
Conclusion	p. 207
The United States and the World	p. 211
US foreign policy in the Middle East	p. 213
Introduction	p. 214
The transformation of US foreign policy towards the Middle East: from Wilson to Bush	p. 217
International relations, United States foreign policy, and the Middle East	p. 219
The United States, the Cold War, and the Middle East	p. 221
The United States and Israel	p. 226
The United States and oil	p. 231
Conclusion: the Bush Doctrine and the invasion of Iraq: continuity or change in US foreign policy towards the Middle East?	p. 233
The USA and the EU	p. 236
Introduction	p. 237
US foreign policy and European integration	p. 238
The United States and the European Union	p. 244
Conclusion	p. 253
US foreign policy in Russia	p. 257
Introduction	p. 258
The end of an era	p. 259
Bill and Boris	p. 260
NATO enlargement	p. 263
The Kosovo crisis	p. 264
The 'Great Game' revisited	p. 265
A new face in the Kremlin-and the White House	p. 266
A strategy for a New World	p. 268
A reversal of course	p. 270
Conclusion	p. 273
The USA and Asia-Pacific	p. 275
Introduction	p. 276
Japan, the United States, and the new Asian order	p. 277
China comes in from the cold	p. 280
The United States, Korea, and the legacy of the Cold War	p. 283
Asia-Pacific: primed for rivalry?	p. 286
The United States: hegemonic still?	p. 288
US foreign policy in Latin America	p. 292
Introduction	p. 293
Latin America and the formation of the modern USA	p. 297
A reluctant superpower	p. 301
Cold war coexistence	p. 305
The Washington 'Consensus' questioned	p. 309
Conclusion	p. 312
US foreign policy in Africa	p. 315
Introduction	p. 316
USA-Africa relations: history and the Cold War	p. 317
The USA and Africa in a post-Cold War world	p. 319
The USA and Africa after 9/11	p. 326
Conclusion	p. 329
Key Issues	p. 333
Global economy	p. 335
Introduction	p. 336
The actors and mechanisms of American economic strategy	p. 336
Perspectives on American economic strategy since 1945	p. 341
Has the strategy worked?	p. 350
Global terrorism	p. 357
Introduction: the 9/11 attacks	p. 358
Terrorism and the background to 9/11	p. 359
The war on terror I	p. 362
The war on terror II	p. 366
Rethinking the war on terror	p. 369
Global environment	p. 374
Introduction	p. 375
Environmental multilateralism and the USA	p. 376
Explaining US foreign environment policy	p. 389
Conclusion	p. 394
Futures and Scenarios	p. 399
American foreign policy after 9/11	p. 401
Introduction	p. 402
The background	p. 402
Framing 9/11 and its aftermath	p. 406
The triumph of ideology: the 'neo-cons' in the ascendant	p. 408
Blowback: US foreign policy against itself?	p. 409
The centrality of military power-and 'imperial overstretch'?	p. 411
The shape of America's wars	p. 412
Iraq: the new Vietnam?	p. 414
After Iraq: continuity and disjunction in US foreign policy	p. 416
America's 'security trap'	p. 420
Introduction	p. 421
Transformations in global power	p. 422
The erosion of state sovereignty	p. 423
The democratization paradox	p. 425
Bush and the security trap	p. 427
Conclusion: escaping the security trap	p. 429
The future of US foreign policy	p. 433
Introduction	p. 434
The ideological roots of US foreign policy	p. 435
Strengths and weaknesses of the USA	p. 437
The US political order and foreign policy	p. 439
Future foreign policies	p. 441
Catastrophic scenarios	p. 447
Conclusion	p. 448
References	p. 451
Index	p. 469
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