Vacuum Technology in the Chemical Industry

by Jorisch, Wolfgang

• ISBN13: 9783527653898
• ISBN10: 3527653899
• Edition: 1st
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2013-03-29
• Publisher: Wiley-VCH

Summary

Based on the very successful German edition and a seminar held by the German Engineers' Association (VDI) on a regular basis, this English edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to reflect the developments of the last ten years. It supplies both the physical fundamentals in ready-to-use form as well as a hands-on approach for applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The text includes chapters dedicated to operating in hazardous zones, methods for process control and regulation and leak detection.
Some 90% of the authors work at the 10 most important companies involved in vacuum technology, and their expertise is disseminated here for engineers working in vacuum technology, chemical process design, plant operation, and mechanical engineering.

Author Biography

Wolfgang Jorisch studied chemistry at RWTH in Aachen, Germany, and received his degree of Dr. rer. nat. for technical chemistry from the University of Essen. From 1987 to 2000 he was a member of the technical chemistry department of the RWTUV in Essen and manager for chemical applications at Leybold Vacuum in Cologne, Germany. From 2000 to 2005 he was a member of the US/ UK-Graham Vacuum Technology group and since 2005 he holds the position of manager of the German IVPT (Industrielle Vakuumproze?technik) on site of Leybold in Cologne.
He acted as editor of the German version of the book Vacuum Technology for the Chemical Industry and has been managing the VDI-seminar with the same title for several years.

Table of Contents

New Developments of Screw Vacuum Pumps for the Area of Process Chemistry
Outlook as to the Future of the Mechanical Vacuum Pumps in the Area of Chemical Process Engineering
BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE EXPLOSION PROTECTION AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR VACUUM PUMPS ON MANUFACTURERS AND OPERATORS
Introduction
Explosion Protection
Directive 99/92/EC
Directive 94/9/EC
Summary
MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR GROSS AND FINE VACUUM
Pressure Units and Vacuum Ranges
Directly and Indirectly Measuring Vacuum Gauges and Their Measurement Ranges
Hydrostatic Manometers
Mechanical and Electromechanical Vacuum Gauges
LEAK DETECTION METHDOS
Definition of Leakage Rates
Acceptable Leakage Rate of Chemical Plants
Methods of Leak Detection
Helium as a Tracer Gas
Leak Detection with Helium Leak Detector
Leak Detection of Systems in the Fine-Vacuum Range
Leak Detection of Systems in the Gross Vacuum Range
Leak Detection and Signal Response Time
Properties and Specifications of Helium Leak Detectors
VACCUM CRYSTALLIZATION
Introduction
Crystallization Theory for Practice
Types of Crystallizers
Periphery
Process Particularities
Example-Crystallization of Sodium Chloride
WHY EVAPORATION UNDER VACUUM?
Introduction
Thermodynamics of Evaporation
Pressure /
Vacuum Evaporation Comparison
Possibility of Vapor Utilization
EVAPORATORS FOR COARSE VACUUM
Introduction
Criteria for the Selection of an Evaporator
Evaporator Types
BASICS OF DRYING TECHNOLOGY
Vacuum Drying
Basics of Solids-Liquid-Separation Technology
Discontinuous Vacuum Drying
Continuous Vacuum Drying
Dryer Designs
VACUUM FLUID BED
Fluid-Bed Process
Vacuum Fluid-Bed
PHARMACEUTICAL FREEZE-DRYING SYSTEMS
General Information
Phases of a Freeze-Drying Process
Production Freeze-Drying Systems
Final Comments
SHORT PATH AND MOLECULAR DISTILLATION
Principle
Technical Design
Evaporation Rate
Plants
Separation Capacity
Energy Requirements
Reactive Distillation
Summary
RECTIFICATION UNDER VACUUM
Column Internals for Mass and Heat Transfer
Separaction Efficiency of Internals
Hydraulic Load and Pressure Drop
Operation under Vacuum
Column Internals
Comparison of Column Internals
Symbols
VACUUM CONVEYING OF POWDERS AND BULK MATERIALS
Introduction
Basic Theory
Principle Function and Design of a Vacuum Conveying System
Continuous Vacuum Conveying
Reactor- and Stirring Vessel Loading in the Chemical Industry
Transfer, Weighing, Dosing and Big-Bag Loading & Discharging
Application Parameters
VACCUM FILTRATION -
SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY, RANGE AND EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION, DESIGNS
Vacuum Filtration: A Mechanical Separation Process
Design of an Industrial Vacuum Filter Station
Methods of Continuous Vacuum Filtration, Types of Design and Examples of Application
Vacuum Filtration on a Curved Concave Surface, The Internal Filter
Vacuum Filtration on a Flat Horizontal Surface
Vacuum Filtration on a Flat Vertical Surface, The Disc Filter