Video Basics (with InfoTrac)

by Zettl, Herbert

• ISBN13: 9780534612450
• ISBN10: 0534612458
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-23
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Part I: PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND PEOPLE. 1. The Production Process. 2. The Production Team: Who Does What When? Part II: IMAGE CREATION: DIGITAL VIDEO AND CAMERA. 3. Image Formation and Digital Video. 4. The Video Camera. 5. Operating the Camera. 6. Looking Through the Viewfinder. Part III: IMAGE CREATION: LIGHT, SOUND, GRAPHICS, AND EFFECTS. 7. Light, Color, and Lighting. 8. Audio and Sound Control. 9. Graphics and Effects. Part IV: IMAGE CONTROL: SWITCHING, RECORDING, AND EDITING. 10. Switcher and Switching. 11. Video Recording. 12. Postproduction: Linear and Nonlinear Editing. 13. Editing Principles. Part V: PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT: STUDIO, FIELD, AND SYNTHETIC. 14. Production Environment: The Studio. 15. Production Environment: Field and Computer-Generated. Part VI: PRODUCTION CONTROL: TALENT AND DIRECTING. 16. Talent, Clothing, and Makeup. 17. Putting It All Together: Directing.

Table of Contents

About the Author	xvi
Preface	xvii
Part I Production: Processes and People	1	(32)
The Production Process	2	(14)
Effect-To-Cause Production Model	4	(8)
Basic Idea	5	(1)
Desired Effect: Defined Process Message and Angle	6	(2)
Cause: Medium Requirements	8	(2)
Real Effect: Actual Process Message	10	(1)
Evaluation	10	(2)
Generating Ideas	12	(4)
Brainstorming	12	(1)
Clustering	13	(3)
The Production Team: Who Does What When?	16	(17)
Production Teams	18	(4)
Preproduction Team	18	(2)
Production Team	20	(1)
Postproduction Team	20	(2)
Passing the Buck	22	(4)
Taking and Sharing Responsibility	26	(2)
Production Schedule	28	(5)
Interview Time Line	28	(1)
Production Schedule: May 7---Interview (Studio 1)	29	(4)
Part II Image Creation: Digital Video and Camera	33	(82)
Image Formation and Digital Video	34	(12)
Basic Image Formation	35	(5)
Scanning Process	36	(2)
Digital HDTV Scanning Systems	38	(1)
Flat-Panel Screens	39	(1)
What Is Digital?	40	(2)
The Difference Between Analog and Digital	40	(2)
Why Digital?	42	(4)
Picture Quality in Dubs	42	(1)
Compression	42	(2)
Picture and Sound Manipulation	44	(2)
The Video Camera	46	(20)
Basic Camera Function and Elements	47	(9)
Function	47	(2)
Lens	49	(4)
Beam Splitter	53	(1)
Imaging Device	53	(2)
Viewfinder	55	(1)
Types of Cameras	56	(10)
Studio Cameras	56	(2)
Field Cameras	58	(1)
HDTV Cameras	58	(1)
ENG/EFP Cameras and Camcorders	58	(3)
Camcorders	61	(2)
Connectors	63	(1)
What's the Difference?	63	(3)
Operating the Camera	66	(24)
Basic Camera Movements	68	(3)
Camera Mounts and How to Use Them	71	(11)
Handheld and Shoulder-Mounted Camera	71	(3)
Tripod-Supported Camera	74	(3)
Studio Pedestal	77	(2)
Special Camera Mounts	79	(3)
Operational Features	82	(4)
White-balancing	82	(1)
Focusing	83	(2)
Shutter Speed	85	(1)
Zooming	85	(1)
General Guidelines	86	(4)
Checklist: Camcorders and ENG/EFP Cameras	86	(1)
Checklist: Studio Cameras	87	(3)
Looking Through the Viewfinder	90	(25)
Framing a Shot	92	(13)
Aspect Ratio	92	(1)
Field of View	92	(2)
Vectors	94	(2)
Composition	96	(6)
Psychological Closure	102	(3)
Manipulating Picture Depth	105	(4)
Defining the Z-axis	105	(1)
Lenses and Z-axis Length	106	(1)
Lenses and Depth of Field	107	(1)
Lenses and Z-axis Speed	108	(1)
Controlling Camera and Object Motion	109	(6)
Controlling Camera Movement and Zooms	109	(2)
Controlling Object Motion	111	(4)
Part III Image Creation: Light, Sound, Graphics, and Effects	115	(88)
Light, Color, and Lighting	116	(34)
Light	118	(3)
Types of Light	118	(1)
Light Intensity	118	(1)
Contrast	119	(1)
Measuring Illumination	120	(1)
Shadows	121	(4)
Attached Shadows	121	(3)
Cast Shadows	124	(1)
Falloff	124	(1)
Color	125	(3)
Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing	126	(1)
Color Television Receiver and Generated Colors	126	(1)
Color Temperature and White-Balancing	127	(1)
Lighting Instruments	128	(8)
Spotlights	128	(4)
Floodlights	132	(2)
Special-Purpose Spotlights and Floodlights	134	(2)
Lighting Techniques	136	(14)
Operation of Lights	136	(1)
Checklist: Lighting Safety	136	(1)
Studio Lighting	137	(5)
Field Lighting	142	(5)
Guidelines: Field Lighting	147	(3)
Audio and Sound Control	150	(34)
Sound Pickup Principle	152	(1)
Microphones	153	(13)
How Well Mics Can Hear: Sound Pickup	153	(2)
How Mics Are Made	155	(1)
How Mics Are Used	156	(10)
Sound Control	166	(8)
Audio Mixer	166	(4)
Audio Console	170	(2)
Cables and Patch Panel	172	(2)
Sound Recording	174	(4)
Analog Recording Equipment	174	(2)
Digital Recording Equipment	176	(2)
Synthesized Sound	178	(1)
Sound Aesthetics	179	(5)
Context	179	(1)
Figure-Ground	179	(1)
Perspective	180	(1)
Continuity	180	(1)
Energy	181	(3)
Graphics and Effects	184	(19)
Principles of Graphics	186	(4)
Aspect Ratio	186	(1)
Essential Area	186	(2)
Readability	188	(1)
Color	188	(1)
Animated Graphics	189	(1)
Style	190	(1)
Standard Electronic Video Effects	190	(6)
Superimposition	190	(1)
Key	191	(3)
Wipe	194	(2)
Digital Effects	196	(7)
Digital Image Manipulation Equipment	196	(1)
Common Digital Video Effects	197	(2)
Synthetic Image Creation	199	(4)
Part IV Image Control: Switching, Recording, and Editing	203	(88)
Switcher and Switching	204	(16)
Production Switcher	205	(2)
Switcher Layout	207	(2)
Program Bus	207	(1)
Mix Bus	208	(1)
Preview Bus	208	(1)
Multifunction Switcher	209	(3)
Program Bus	209	(1)
Preview, or Preset, Bus	210	(1)
Key Bus	211	(1)
Delegation Controls	211	(1)
Switcher Operation	212	(8)
Working the Program Bus: Cuts-Only	212	(1)
Working the Mix Buses: Cuts	213	(1)
Working the Mix Buses: Dissolves	214	(1)
Working the Effects Bus: Wipes	215	(1)
Working the Key Bus: Keys	216	(2)
Working the Downstream Keyer	218	(1)
Chroma Keying	218	(1)
Special Effects	218	(2)
Video Recording	220	(22)
Videotape-Recording Systems	221	(9)
Tape- and Disk-Based Recording Systems	222	(1)
Basic Videotape Tracks	222	(2)
Composite, Y/C Component, and RGB Component Systems	224	(2)
Types of Videotape Recorders	226	(1)
Time Base Corrector	226	(3)
Tape Format and Quality	229	(1)
Videotape-Recording Process	230	(6)
The ``Before'' Checklist	230	(2)
The ``During'' Checklist	232	(3)
The ``After'' Checklist	235	(1)
Nonlinear Storage Systems	236	(2)
Computer Disks	236	(1)
Video Server	237	(1)
Electronic Still Store System	237	(1)
Read/Write Optical Discs	237	(1)
Use of Video Recording	238	(4)
Multimedia	238	(1)
Interactive Video	238	(4)
Postproduction: Linear and Nonlinear Editing	242	(28)
Postproduction Editing	243	(15)
Linear Editing Systems	244	(9)
Nonlinear Editing Systems	253	(2)
Nonlinear Editing Procedures	255	(3)
Postproduction Preparations	258	(6)
Production Tips to Make Postproduction Easier	260	(4)
Off-Line and On-Line Editing	264	(6)
Off-Line Editing Procedures	265	(1)
On-Line Editing Procedures	266	(4)
Editing Principles	270	(21)
Editing Purpose	271	(1)
Editing Functions	272	(1)
Combine	272	(1)
Condense	272	(1)
Correct	273	(1)
Build	273	(1)
Aesthetic Principles of Continuity Editing	273	(14)
Mental Map	274	(3)
Vectors	277	(4)
On- and Off-screen Positions	281	(6)
Aesthetic Principles of Complexity Editing	287	(4)
Intensifying an Event	287	(2)
Supplying Meaning	289	(2)
Part V Production Environment: Studio, Field, and Synthetic	291	(46)
Production Environment: The Studio	292	(26)
Video Production Studio	294	(4)
Physical Layout	294	(2)
Major Installations	296	(2)
Studio Control Room	298	(4)
Image Control	298	(4)
Sound Control	302	(1)
Master Control	302	(2)
Studio Support Areas	304	(1)
Scenery and Property Storage	304	(1)
Makeup	304	(1)
Scenery, Properties, and Set Dressings	305	(5)
Scenery	305	(4)
Properties	309	(1)
Set Dressings	310	(1)
Set Design	310	(8)
Process Message	310	(1)
Floor Plan	311	(2)
Prop List	313	(1)
Using the Floor Plan for Setup	313	(1)
Evaluating the Floor Plan	314	(4)
Production Environment: Field and Computer-Generated	318	(19)
Electronic News Gathering	320	(2)
News Gathering	320	(1)
Transmission	320	(2)
Electronic Field Production	322	(9)
Preproduction: Remote Survey	322	(1)
Production: Shooting	323	(3)
Checklist: Field Production Equipment	326	(5)
Postproduction: Wrap-up	331	(1)
Big Remotes	331	(2)
Synthetic Environments	333	(4)
Computer-Generated Settings	333	(1)
Virtual Reality	334	(1)
Computer-Controlled Environments	334	(3)
Part VI Production Control: Talent and Directing	337	(53)
Talent, Clothing, and Makeup	338	(20)
Performing Techniques	340	(10)
Performer and Camera	340	(2)
Audio and Lighting	342	(1)
Timing and Prompting	343	(7)
Acting Techniques	350	(2)
Environment and Audience	350	(1)
Close-ups	351	(1)
Repeating Action	352	(1)
Auditions	352	(1)
Clothing	353	(1)
Texture and Detail	353	(1)
Color	353	(1)
Makeup	354	(4)
Technical Requirements	355	(1)
Materials	355	(3)
Putting It All Together: Directing	358	(32)
Revisiting the Effect-To-Cause Model	360	(8)
Script Formats	361	(7)
Visualization	368	(1)
Preparing for a Multicamera Studio Production	369	(6)
Control Room Directing	375	(10)
Terminology	376	(3)
Time Line	379	(1)
Rehearsals	380	(2)
Directing the Multicamera Show	382	(3)
Single-Camera Directing	385	(5)
Interview	385	(1)
Documentary	386	(1)
Drama	386	(4)
Epilogue	390	(1)
Glossary	391	(11)
Index	402	(8)
Photo Credits	410