Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Purchase Benefits
Free Shipping On Orders Over $35!
Your order must be $35 or more to qualify for free economy shipping.
Bulk sales, PO's, Marketplace items, eBooks and apparel do not qualify for this offer.
Get Rewarded for Ordering Your Textbooks!Enroll Now
The Used and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
Summary
The standard text in the field, Vold's Theoretical Criminology is universally known by scholars in the discipline. Taking a largely historical approach, it discusses both classic and contemporary theories, presenting historical context and empirical research for each one. The book concludes with a chapter on assessing theories and their policy implications.
Author Biography
The late Thomas J. Bernard was Professor of Criminal Justice and Sociology at Pennsylvania State University.
Jeffrey B. Snipes is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice Studies at San Francisco State University.
Alexander L. Gerould is Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice Studies at San Francisco State University.
Table of Contents
Preface CHAPTER 1. THEORY AND CRIME Spiritual Explanations Natural Explanations Scientific Theories Causation in Scientific Theories Three Frames of Reference Relationships Among the Three Frames of Reference Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 2. THEORY AND POLICY IN CONTEXT: THE GREAT AMERICAN CRIME DECLINE Crime in the United States: The Past Half-Century Two Opposing Narratives of the Crime Wave Explaining the 1990s Crime Decline The City That Became Safe Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 3. CLASSICAL CRIMINOLOGY The Social and Intellectual Background of Classical Criminology Beccaria and the Classical School From Classical Theory to Deterrence Research Three Types of Deterrence Research Rational Choice and Offending Routine Activities and Victimization Focused Deterrence: Operation Ceasefire Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 4. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Background: Physical Appearance and Defectiveness Lombroso, the "Born Criminal" and Positivist Criminology Goring's Refutation of the "Born Criminal" Body Type Theories Family Studies Twin and Adoption Studies MAOA: The "Warrior" Gene Hormones The Central Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous System Environmentally Induced Biological Components of Behavior Implications and Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 5. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Intelligence and Crime: Background Ideas and Concepts IQ Tests and Criminal Behavior Delinquency, Race, and IQ Interpreting the Association Between Delinquency and IQ Personality and Criminal Behavior Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder Clinical Prediction of Future Dangerousness Actuarial Prediction of Later Crime and Delinquency Depression and Delinquency Impulsivity and Crime Policy Implications of Personality Research Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 6. DURKHEIM, ANOMIE, AND MODERNIZATION Emile Durkheim Crime as Normal in Mechanical Societies Anomie as a Pathological State in Organic Societies Durkheim's Theory of Crime Conclusion Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 7. NEIGHBORHOODS AND CRIME The Theory of Human Ecology Research in the "Delinquency Areas" of Chicago Policy Implications Residential Succession, Social Disorganization, and Crime Sampson's Theory of Collective Efficacy Crime in Public Housing Expanding Interest in Neighborhood Social Processes Implications and Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 8. STRAIN THEORIES Robert K. Merton and Anomie in American Society Strain as the Explanation of Gang Delinquency 1960s Strain-Based Policies The Decline and Resurgence of Strain Theories Strain in Individuals Strain in Societies Conclusion Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 9. LEARNING THEORIES Basic Psychological Approaches to Learning Sutherland's Differential Association Theory Research Testing Sutherland's Theory The Content of Learning: Cultural and Subcultural Theories The Learning Process: Social Learning Theory Athens's Theory of "Violentization" Katz's Seductions of Crime Zimbardo's Lucifer Effect Implications Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 10. CONTROL THEORIES Early Control Theories: Reiss to Nye Matza's Delinquency and Drift Hirschi's Social Control Theory Assessing Social Control Theory Gottfredson and Hirschi's A General Theory of Crime Assessing Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory Implications and Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 11. LABELING THEORIES AND CONFLICT CRIMINOLOGY Labeling Theories Early Conflict Theories: Sellin and Vold Conflict Theories in a Time of Conflict: Turk, Quinney, and Chambliss and Seidman Black's Theory of the Behavior of Law A Unified Conflict Theory of Crime Testing Conflict Criminology Implications and Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 12. MARXISM AND POSTMODERN CRIMINOLOGY Overview of Marx's Theory Marx on Crime, Criminal Law, and Criminal Justice The Emergence of Marxist Criminology Marxist Theory and Research on Crime Overview of Postmodernism Postmodern Criminology Conclusion Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 13. GENDER AND CRIME The Development of Feminist Criminology Schools of Feminist Criminology Gender in Criminology Why Are Women's Crime Rates So Low? Why Are Men's Crime Rates So High? Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 14. DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES The Great Debate: Criminal Careers, Longitudinal Research, and the Relationship Between Age and Crime Criminal Propensity Versus Criminal Career The Transition to Developmental Criminology Three Developmental Directions Thornberry's Interactional Theory Sampson and Laub's Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control Tremblay's Developmental Origins of Physical Aggression Conclusions Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 15. INTEGRATED THEORIES Elliott's Integrated Theory of Delinquency and Drug Use The Falsification Versus Integration Debate Braithwaite's Theory of Reintegrative Shaming Tittle's Control Balance Theory Coercion and Social Support Bernard and Snipes's Approach to Integrating Criminology Theories Agnew's General Theory Robinson's Integrated Systems Theory Integrated Systems Theory Conclusion Key Terms Discussion Questions CHAPTER 16. ASSESSING CRIMINOLOGY THEORIES Science, Theory, Research, and Policy Individual Difference Theories Structure/Process Theories Theories of the Behavior of Criminal Law Conclusion Index