Water Resources Engineering

by Wurbs, Ralph A.; James, Wesley P.

• ISBN13: 9780130812933
• ISBN10: 0130812935
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-12-14
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Designed to provide an up-to-date broad coverage of pertinent topics concerning water resource engineering. This book focuses on modern computer-based modeling and analysis methods, illustrating recent advances in computer technology and computational methods that have greatly increased capabilities for solving water resources engineering problems.Focuses on fundamental topics of hydraulics, hydrology, and water management. Water resources engineering concepts and methods are addressed from the perspective of practical applications in water management and associated environmental and infrastructure management. The focus is on mathematical modeling and analysis using state-of-the-art computational techniques and computer software.Appropriate as a reference in water resources engineering for practicing engineers.

Author Biography

Wesley P. James has over 40 years of experience in hydraulics, hydrology, and water resources engineering, working in federal agencies, private consulting, and universities Ralph A. Wurbs is a Professor in the Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division with the Civil Engineering Department, Texas A&M University

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	1	(38)
Water Resources Engineering Disciplines	1	(2)
Water Management Sectors	3	(15)
The Water Management Community	18	(11)
Computer Models in Water Resources Engineering	29	(8)
Units of Measure	37	(2)
References	38	(1)
Hydrology	39	(68)
Water	40	(4)
Hydroclimatology	44	(11)
Atmospheric Processes	55	(3)
Precipitation	58	(10)
Evaporation and Transpiration	68	(8)
Units of Measure for Depth, Area, Volume, and Volumetric Rates	76	(4)
Watershed Hydrology and Streamflow	80	(9)
Subsurface Water	89	(2)
Erosion and Sedimentation	91	(1)
Water Quality	92	(7)
Climatic, Hydrologic, and Water Quality Data	99	(8)
Problems	102	(2)
References	104	(3)
Fluid Mechanics	107	(23)
Units	107	(1)
Properties of Water	108	(3)
Statics	111	(6)
Classification of Fluid Flow	117	(1)
Reynolds Transport Theorem	118	(1)
Dimensional Analysis	119	(4)
Conservation of Mass, Energy, and Momentum	123	(2)
Newton-Raphson Formula	125	(5)
Problems	126	(3)
Bibliography	129	(1)
Hydraulics of Pipelines and Pipe Networks	130	(122)
Basic Equations for Steady Flow	130	(9)
Pumps in Pipelines	139	(12)
Culverts	151	(5)
Pipelines Connecting Reservoirs	156	(9)
Pipe Network Systems	165	(33)
Unsteady Flow	198	(35)
Generalized Pipe System Simulation Models	233	(19)
Problems	234	(16)
Bibliography	250	(2)
Open Channel Hydraulics	252	(104)
Open Channels	252	(2)
Flow Classification	254	(1)
Uniform Flow	254	(7)
Critical Flow	261	(5)
Computing Normal and Critical Depth	266	(4)
Channel Design	270	(9)
Gradually Varied Steady Flow	279	(32)
Rapidly Varied Steady Flow	311	(13)
Unsteady Flow	324	(17)
Generalized Open Channel Hydraulics Models	341	(15)
Problems	341	(14)
Bibliography	355	(1)
Flood Routing	356	(52)
Hydrologic Routing	357	(12)
Kinematic Routing	369	(5)
Hydraulic Stream Routing	374	(11)
Dam Break Analysis	385	(6)
Watershed Routing	391	(7)
Generalized Flood Routing Models	398	(10)
Problems	398	(8)
References and Bibliography	406	(2)
Hydrologic Frequency Analysis	408	(54)
Hydrologic Random Variables and Data	408	(3)
Probability Relationships	411	(1)
Binomial Distribution and Risk Formula	412	(3)
Empirical Relative Frequency Relations	415	(2)
Analytical Probability Distributions	417	(7)
Frequency Graphs	424	(2)
Bulletin 17B Flood Frequency Analysis Methodologies	426	(6)
Other Flood Frequency Analysis Methods	432	(7)
Flow-Duration, Concentration-Duration, and Low-Flow Frequency Relationships	439	(4)
Reservoir/River System Reliability	443	(2)
Precipitation Frequency Analysis	445	(7)
Probable Maximum Storm	452	(10)
Problems	455	(5)
References	460	(2)
Modeling Watershed Hydrology	462	(72)
Watershed Hydrology	462	(2)
Watershed Models	464	(5)
Watershed Characteristics	469	(5)
Rational Method for Estimating Peak Flow	474	(3)
Separating Precipitation into Abstractions and Runoff	477	(11)
Unit Hydrograph Approach for Estimating Flow Rates	488	(14)
Erosion and Sediment Yield	502	(8)
Water Quality Modeling	510	(10)
Generalized Watershed Simulation Models	520	(14)
Problems	525	(6)
References	531	(3)
Groundwater Engineering	534	(88)
Subsurface Water	534	(4)
Basic Equations of Groundwater Flow	538	(19)
Wells	557	(19)
Flow Net Analysis	576	(8)
Numerical Methods	584	(18)
Groundwater Quality	602	(7)
Generalized Groundwater Models	609	(13)
Problems	610	(10)
Bibliography	620	(2)
Urban Stormwater Management	622	(87)
Stormwater Collection Systems	623	(15)
On-Site Detention Basins	638	(17)
Regional Detention Facilities	655	(8)
Water Quality	663	(27)
Flood-Damage Mitigation	690	(19)
Problems	697	(10)
Bibliography	707	(2)
Water Resources Systems Analysis	709	(60)
The Systems Philosophy	709	(2)
Economic Analysis	711	(9)
Simulation of Flood Damage Reduction Systems	720	(9)
Simulation and Optimization	729	(2)
Linear Programming (LP)	731	(20)
Network Flow Programming	751	(2)
Zero-One Integer Programming	753	(16)
Problems	756	(11)
References	767	(2)
River Basin Management	769	(52)
River Basin Systems	770	(1)
Dams, Reservoirs, and Associated Facilities	771	(11)
Water Rights and Water Allocation Systems	782	(10)
Water Quality Management	792	(4)
Ecosystem Management	796	(2)
Rivers and Reservoirs of the World	798	(4)
Major River/Reservoir Systems in the United States	802	(14)
River Basin Management Computer Models	816	(5)
References	819	(2)
Index	821

Excerpts

Effective management of water resources, locally, regionally, and globally, is crucial for human welfare, economic prosperity, and environmental vitality. The professional field of water resources engineering is concerned with solving problems and meeting needs associated with municipal, industrial, and agricultural water supply and use, water quality in streams and aquifers, erosion and sedimentation, protection of ecosystems and other natural resources, recreation, navigation, hydroelectric power generation, stormwater drainage, and flood damage mitigation. This textbook is designed for a basic course in water resources engineering focusing on fundamental topics of hydraulics, hydrology, and water management. It is also appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses and as a reference for practicing engineers. Water resources engineering concepts and methods are addressed from the perspective of practical applications in water management and associated environmental and infrastructure management. The focus is on mathematical modeling and analysis using state-of-the-art computational techniques and computer software. The book is based largely on the authors'' combined total of more than 40 years experience in teaching the required undergraduate civil engineering course at Texas A&M University entitled Water Resources Engineering and other undergraduate and graduate courses that build on this course. The book reflects ideas formulated by the authors and their colleagues and students for updating and improving these courses. It is designed to provide broad coverage of pertinent topics with flexibility for adaptation to the spectrum of ways that individual courses and sequences of undergraduate and graduate courses are organized at various universities. The first three chapters are introductory overviews of the professional practice of water resources engineering (Chapter 1), the science of hydrology (Chapter 2), and fundamentals of fluid mechanics (Chapter 3). Chapters through 9 each focus on specific aspects of water resources engineering design and analysis, including pressure conduit hydraulics, open channel hydraulics, hydraulic and hydrologic routing, frequency analysis, watershed modeling, and groundwater engineering. In Chapter 10, selected methods from previous chapters are applied to urban stormwater management. Chapter 11 is an introduction to the application of systems simulation, optimization, and economic evaluation techniques in water management decision-making. Chapter 12 introduces practices and issues of comprehensive river basin management. Chapters 1, 2, and 12 provide a broad qualitative overview of hydrology and water resources management. Chapter 3 reviews basic principles of fluid mechanics. The hydrologic and hydraulic analysis concepts and computational methods presented in Chapters 4 through 10 are applied in professional practice as components of computer models that simulate natural and constructed water systems. Chapter 11 integrates economic and systems analysis methods, along with hydrologic and hydraulic engineering methods, in a broader systems view of water resources planning and management. The chapters can be covered in essentially any order, subject to the following considerations. Students using the text will likely have already completed a course in fluid mechanics and may not need Chapter 3. However, because hydraulics is built on fluid mechanics, a brief review of basic fluid mechanics concepts is presented in Chapter 3 prior to addressing hydraulics in depth in Chapters 4-6 and 9-10. The basic overview of hydrology presented in Chapter 2 is prerequisite for Chapter 7, "Hydrologic Frequency Analysis," and Chapter 8, "Modeling Watershed Hydrology," and also provides an introduction for Chapter 9, "Groundwater Engineering." Chapter 10, "Urban Stormwater Management," applies methods from all of the hydrology and hydraulics chapters. Chapter 1 is the only prerequisite chapter for Chapters 11 and 12. Although Chapters 11 and 12 complement each other, either may be covered without the other. Sufficient material is provided for multiple courses, particularly if supplemented by the computer models discussed in the book. The text may be used for courses in hydrology, hydraulics, urban stormwater management, and water systems planning and management, as well as for a fundamental first course in water resources engineering. A set of computer programs developed in conjunction with the text enhances understanding and application of computational methods. Modeling capabilities provided by generalized simulation models developed by federal water agencies and other entities greatly contribute to water resources engineering practice and play an important role in education. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of our students and colleagues at Texas A&M University in shaping our perspectives on the subject matter of this book. We join the publisher in thanking the following reviewers for their thoughtful comments during the development of the manuscript: Paul C. Chan, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Robert D. Kersten, University of Central Florida, and Thomas C. Piechota, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Mrs. Joyce Hyden typed much of the manuscript, proficiently as always. Finally, we thank our wives, Keri and Karen, for their enduring patience and support during the project. RALPH A. WURBS WESLEY P. .LAMES