Preface
Maps
Special Features
Working with Primary Sources

Prologue: From Cosmic History to Human History
    The History of the Universe
    The History of a Planet
    The History of the Human Species … in a Single Paragraph:

      A Preview
    Why World History?
    Comparison, Connection, and Change: The Three Cs of

World History
Snapshot: A History of the Universe as a Cosmic Calendar

Part One First Things First: Beginnings in History,

to 500 B.C.E.
The Big Picture Turning Points in Early World History
The Emergence of Humankind

The Globalization of Humankind

The Revolution of Farming and Herding

The Turning Point of Civilization

A Note on Dates
Landmarks of Early World History, to 500 B.C.E.

1 First Peoples: Populating the Planet, to 10,000 B.C.E.
Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations
Into Eurasia Into Australia Into the Americas Into the Pacific
The Ways We Were
The First Human Societies

Economy and the Environment

The Realm of the Spirit

Settling Down: “The Great Transition”
Comparing Paleolithic Societies
The San of Southern Africa

The Chumash of Southern California
Reflections: The Uses of the Paleolithic
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: The Long Road to the Global Presence of Humankind
Snapshot: The Paleolithic Era in Perspective
Documents Glimpses of Paleolithic Life

1.1—A Paleolithic Woman in the Twentieth Century: Nisa,

The Life and Words of an !Kung Woman, 1969-1976

1.2—Australian Aboriginal Mythology: Stories from the

          Dreamtime, Twentieth Century
  Using the Evidence
Visual Sources The Aboriginal Rock Painting of Australia
  Namondjok, Namarrgon (Lightning Man),

and Barrginj Nabulwinjbulwinj

Hunting Scene
Using the Evidence

2 First Farmers: The Revolutions of Agriculture,

10,000 B.C.E.–3000 B.C.E.

The Agricultural Revolution in World History

Comparing Agricultural Beginnings
  Common Patterns  Variations
The Globalization of Agriculture
  Triumph and Resistance  The Culture of Agriculture
Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture
  Pastoral Societies  Agricultural Village Societies

Chiefdoms
Reflections: The Legacies of Agriculture
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Agricultural Breakthroughs
Snapshot: The History of Maize/Corn
Documents Agricultural Village Societies
2.1—Germanic Peoples of Central Europe: Tacitus, Germania,

First Century C.E.

2.2—Social Organization among the Gikuyu: Jomo Kenyatta,

Facing Mount Kenya, 1938

2.3—Religion in a Caribbean Chiefdom: Bartolomé de las Casas,

Apologetic History of the Indies, 1566
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Art and Life in the Early Agrarian Era
Çatalhüyük: An Early Map and Landscape Painting

Women, Men, and Religion in Çatalhüyük

An African Pastoral Community

The Mystery of Stonehenge

A Sculpture from the Nok Culture
Using the Evidence

3 First Civilizations: Cities, States, and Unequal Societies,

3500 B.C.E.–500 B.C.E.
Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations
Introducing the First Civilizations

The Question of Origins An Urban Revolution
The Erosion of Equality
Hierarchies of Class Hierarchies of Gender Patriarchy in Practice
The Rise of the State
Coercion and Consent

Writing and Accounting

The Grandeur of Kings
Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt
Environment and Culture

Cities and States

Interaction and Exchange
Reflections: “Civilization”: What’s in a Word?
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Writing in Ancient Civilizations

Snapshot: Key Moments in Mesopotamian History
Snapshot: Key Moments in Nile Valley Civilizations
Documents Life and Afterlife in Mesopotamia and Egypt
3.1—In Search of Eternal Life: The Epic of Gilgamesh, ca.

2700 B.C.E.–2500 B.C.E.

3.2—Law and Justice in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Law Code of

Hammurabi, ca. 1800 B.C.E.

3.3—The Afterlife of a Pharaoh: A Pyramid Text, 2333 B.C.E.

3.4—A New Basis for Egyptian Immortality: Book of the Dead,

ca. 1550 1064 B.C.E.

3.5—The Occupations of Old Egypt: Be a Scribe, ca.

2066-1650 B.C.E.
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources

Indus Valley Civilization
Ancient Harappa

A Seal from the Indus Valley

Man from Mohenjo Daro

Dancing Girl
Using the Evidence

Part Two The Classical Era in World History,

500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.
The Big Picture After the First Civilizations: What Changed and

What Didn’t
Continuities in Civilization

Changes in Civilization

Classical Civilizations
Landmarks of the Classical Era, 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.
Snapshot: World Population during the Age of Agricultural Civilization

4 Eurasian Empires, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.
Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks
The Persian Empire

The Greeks

Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars

Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era
Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese
Rome: From City-State to Empire

China: From Warring States to Empire

Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires

The Collapse of Empires
Intermittent Empire: The Case of India
Reflections: Classical Empires and the Twentieth Century
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Key Moments in Classical Greek History
Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of the Roman Empire
Snapshot: Key Moments in Classical Chinese History
Documents Political Authority in Classical Civilizations
4.1—In Praise of Athenian Democracy: Pericles, Funeral Oration,

431-430 B.C.E.

4.2—In Praise of the Roman Empire: Aelius Aristides, The Roman

Oration, 155 C.E.

4.3—Governing a Chinese Empire: The Writings of Master Han Fei,

Third Century B.C.E.

4.4—Governing an Indian Empire: Ashoka, The Rock Edicts,

ca. 268-232 B.C.E.
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources

Qin Shihuangdi and China’s Eternal Empire
An Eighteenth-Century Representation of Qin Shihuangdi

The Terra-Cotta Army of Shihuangdi

Terra-Cotta Infantry

Terra-Cotta Archer

A Bronze Horse-Drawn Chariot
Using the Evidence

5 Eurasian Cultural Traditions, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.
China and the Search for Order
The Legalist Answer

The Confucian Answer

The Daoist Answer
Cultural Traditions of Classical India
South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation

The Buddhist Challenge

Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion
Moving toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East
Zoroastrianism

Judaism
The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a

Rational Order
The Greek Way of Knowing

The Greek Legacy
Comparing Jesus and the Buddha
The Lives of the Founders

Establishing New Religions

Creating Institutions
Reflections: Religion and Historians
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Thinkers and Philosophies of the Classical Era
Snapshot: Reflections on Human Love from Mediterranean

Civilization
Documents The Good Life in Classical Eurasia
5.1—Reflections from Confucius: Confucius, The Analects,

ca. 479-221 B.C.E.

5.2—Reflections from the Hindu Scriptures: Bhagavad Gita, ca. Fifth

to Second Century B.C.E.

5.3—Reflections from Socrates: Plato, Apology, ca. 399 B.C.E.

5.4—Reflections from Jesus: The Gospel of Matthew, ca. 70-100 C.E.
Using the Evidence 226
Visual Sources Representations of the Buddha
Footprints of the Buddha

A Classic Indian Buddha

A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Kannon of 1,000 Arms

The Chinese Maitreya Buddha

The Amitabha Buddha
Using the Evidence

6 Eurasian Social Hierarchies, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.
Society and the State in Classical China
An Elite of Officials

The Landlord Class

Peasants

Merchants
Class and Caste in India
Caste as Varna

Caste as Jati

The Functions of Caste
Slavery in the Classical Era: The Case of the Roman Empire
Slavery and Civilization

The Making of a Slave Society: The Case of Rome

Resistance and Rebellion
Comparing Patriarchies of the Classical Era
A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China

Contrasting Patriarchies in Athens and Sparta
Reflections: Arguing with Solomon and the Buddha

Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Social Life and Duty in Classical India

Snapshot: Comparing Greco-Roman and American Slavery

Documents Patriarchy and Women’s Voices in the Classical Era
6.1—A Male View of Chinese Women’s Lives: Fu Xuan, How

Sad It Is to Be a Woman, Third Century C.E.

6.2—A Chinese Woman’s Instructions to Her Daughters: Ban Zhau,

Lessons for Women, Late First Century C.E.

6.3—An Alternative to Patriarchy in India: Psalms of the Sisters,

First Century B.C.E.

6.4—Roman Women in Protest: Livy, History of Rome, Late First

Century B.C.E. to Early First Century C.E.
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World
Terentius Neo and His Wife

A Pompeii Banquet

Scenes in a Pompeii Tavern

A Domestic Shrine

Mystery Religions: The Cult of Dionysus
Using the Evidence

7 Classical Era Variations: Africa and the Americas,

    500 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.
The African Northeast
Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization

Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom
Along the Niger River: Cities without States
South of the Equator: The World of Bantu Africa
  Cultural Encounters  Society and Religion
Civilizations of Mesoamerica
  The Maya: Writing and Warfare

Teotihuacán: America’s Greatest City
Civilizations of the Andes
Chavín: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement

Moche: A Regional Andean Civilization
North America in the Classical Era: From Chaco to Cahokia
Pit Houses and Great Houses: The Ancestral Pueblo

The Mound Builders of the Eastern Woodlands
Reflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in World History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Continental Population in the Classical Era
Documents Axum and the World
7.1—A Guidebook to the World of Indian Ocean Commerce:

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, First Century C.E.

7.2—The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone

Throne, Second or Third Century C.E.

7.3—The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the

Evangelization of Abyssinia, Late Fourth Century C.E.

7.4—A Byzantine View of an Axumite Monarch: Julian, Report to the

Byzantine Emperor on Axum, 530-531

7.5—Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Christian Topography,

Sixth Century C.E.
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Art and the Maya Elite
Shield Jaguar and Lady Xok: A Royal Couple of Yaxchilan

The Presentation of Captives

Bloodletting Ritual

The Ball Game

An Embracing Couple
Using the Evidence

Part Three An Age of Accelerating Connections, 500–1500

The Big Picture Defining a Millennium
Third-Wave Civilizations: Something New, Something Old,

Something Blended

The Ties That Bind: Transregional Interaction in the

Postclassical Era
Landmarks in the Era of Accelerating Connections, 500 to 1500

8 Commerce and Culture, 500–1500
Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia
The Growth of the Silk Roads

Goods in Transit

Cultures in Transit

Disease in Transit
Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean
Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World

Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia

and Srivijaya

Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa

and Swahili Civilization
Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara

Commercial Beginnings in West Africa

Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa
An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the

Western Hemisphere
Reflections: Economic Globalization—Ancient and Modern
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Economic Exchange along the Silk Roads
Snapshot: Economic Exchange in the Indian Ocean Basin
Documents Travelers’ Tales and Observations
8.1—A Chinese Buddhist in India: Huili, A Biography of the

Tripitaka Master and Xuanzang, Record of the Western

Region, Seventh Century C.E.

8.2—A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of

Marco Polo, 1299

8.3—An Arab Muslim in West Africa: Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia

         and Africa, 1354
  Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Art, Religion, and Cultural Exchange in Central Asia
  Greek Culture, Buddhism, and the Kushans

Buddhist Monks on the Silk Road

Manichaean Scribes

The Mongols in China

Islam, Shamanism, and the Turks
Using the Evidence

9 China and the World: East Asian Connections, 500–1300
The Reemergence of a Unified China
A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement

Women in the Song Dynasty
China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order

in the Making
The Tribute System in Theory

The Tribute System in Practice

Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier
Coping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan
Korea and China

Vietnam and China

Japan and China
China and the Eurasian World Economy
Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia

On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary
China and Buddhism
Making Buddhism Chinese

Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism
Reflections: Why Do Things Change?
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of Postclassical China
Documents The Making of Japanese Civilization
9.1—Japanese Political Ideals: Shotoku, The Seventeen Article

Constitution, 604

9.2—Buddhism in Japan: The Zen Tradition: Dogen, Writings on

Zen Buddhism, Thirteenth Century

9.3—The Uniqueness of Japan: Kitabatake Chikafusa, The Chronicle

of the Direct Descent of Gods and Sovereigns, 1339

9.4—Social Life at Court: Sei Shonagon, Pillow Book, ca. 1000

9.5—The Way of the Warrior: Shiba Yosimasa, Advice to Young

Samurai, ca. 1400, and Imagawa Ryoshun,

The Imagawa Letter, 1412
Using the Evidence
Images The Leisure Life of China’s Elites
A Banquet with the Emperor At Table with the Empress A Literary

Gathering Solitary Reflection An Elite Night Party
Using the Evidence

10 The Worlds of European Christendom: Connected and

Divided, 500–1300
Eastern Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
The Byzantine State

The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence

Byzantium and the World  The Conversion of Russia
Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
  Political Life in Western Europe, 500–1000

Society and the Church, 500–1000

Accelerating Change in the West, 1000–1300

Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition
The West in Comparative Perspective
Catching Up

Pluralism in Politics

Reason and Faith
Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise

in the Worlds of Christendom
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Key Moments in Byzantine History
Snapshot: Key Moments in the Evolution of Western

Civilization
Documents The Making of Christian Europe . . . and a

Chinese Counterpoint
10.1—The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the

Franks, late sixth century

10.2—Advice on Dealing with “Pagans”: Pope Gregory, Advice

to the English Church, 601

10.3—Charlemagne and the Saxons: Charlemagne, Capitulary

on Saxony, 785
10.4 and 10.5—The Persistence of Tradition: Willibald, Life of

Boniface, ca 760 C.E., and The

Leechbook, tenth century

10.6—The Jesus Sutras in China: The Jesus Sutras, 635-1005
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Reading Byzantine Icons
Christ Pantokrator The Nativity Ladder of Divine Ascent
Using the Evidence

11 The Worlds of Islam: Afro-Eurasian Connections, 600–1500
The Birth of a New Religion
The Homeland of Islam

The Messenger and the Message

The Transformation of Arabia
The Making of an Arab Empire
War and Conquest

Conversion to Islam

Divisions and Controversies

Women and Men in Early Islam
Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison
The Case of India

The Case of Anatolia

The Case of West Africa

The Case of Spain
The World of Islam as a New Civilization
Networks of Faith

Networks of Exchange
Reflections: Past and Present: Choosing Our History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Key Moments in the Early History of Islam
Snapshot: Key Achievements in Islamic Science and Scholarship
Documents Voices of Islam
11.1—The Voice of Allah: The Quran, seventh century

11.2—The Voice of the Prophet Muhammad: The Hadith, eighth

and ninth centuries

11.3—The Voice of the Law: The Sharia, ninth century

11.4—The Voice of the Sufis: Inscription in Rumi’s Tomb, thirteenth

century; Rumi, Poem, thirteenth century; and Rumi, “Drowned

in God,” Mathnawi, thirteenth century
Using the Evidence
Visual Cources Islamic Civilization in Persian Miniature Paintings
An Arab Camp Scene City Life in Islamic Persia The Night Journey

of Muhammad
Using the Evidence

12 Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage: The Mongol

Moment, 1200–1500
Looking Back and Looking Around: The Long History of

Pastoral Nomads
The World of Pastoral Societies

The Xiongnu: An Early Nomadic Empire

The Arabs and the Turks

The Masai of East Africa
Breakout: The Mongol Empire
From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire

Explaining the Mongol Moment
Encountering the Mongols: Comparing Three Cases
China and the Mongols

Persia and the Mongols

Russia and the Mongols
The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network
Toward a World Economy

Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale

Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm

The Plague: A Eurasian Pandemic
Reflections: Changing Images of Nomadic Peoples
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Varieties of Pastoral Societies
Snapshot: Key Moments in Mongol History
Documents Perspectives on the Mongols
12.1—Mongol History from a Mongol Source: The Secret History

of the Mongols, ca. 1240

12.2—A Letter from Chinggis Khan: Chinggis Khan, Letter to

Changchun, 1219

12.3—A Russian View of the Mongols: The Chronicle of

Novgorod, 1238

12.4—Chinese Perceptions of the Mongols: Epitaph for the

Honorable Menggu, 1274

12.5—Mongol Women through European Eyes: William of Rubruck,

           Journey to the Land of the Mongols, ca. 1255
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources The Black Death and Religion in Western Europe
The Flagellants

Burying the Dead

A Culture of Death

In the Face of Catastrophe—Questioning or Affirming the Faith
Using the Evidence

13 The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century
The Shapes of Human Communities
Paleolithic Persistence

Agricultural Village Societies

Herding Peoples
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe
Ming Dynasty China

European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal

European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World
In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires

On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas
The Aztec Empire

The Inca Empire
Webs of Connection
A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern

Era, 1500–2000
Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Major Developments around the World in the

Fifteenth Century
Snapshot: Key Moments in European Maritime Voyaging
Snapshot: World Population Growth, 1000–2000
Documents The Aztecs and the Incas through Spanish Eyes
13.1—Diego Duran on the Aztecs: King Moctezuma I, Laws,

Ordinances and Regulations, ca. 1450, and Diego Duran,

Book of the Gods and Rites, 1574-76

13.2— Pedro de Cieza de Léon on the Incas: Pedro de Cieza de

Léon, Chronicles of the Incas, ca. 1550
Using the Evidence
Visual Sourcws Sacred Places in the World of the Fifteenth Century
Visual Source 13.1—The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest at the

                                   Temple of Heaven, Beijing, China
  Visual Source 13.2— Kinkakuji: A Buddhist Temple in Japan
  Visual Source 13.3— The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
  Visual Source 13.4— The Church of St. George, Lalibela, Ethiopia
Using the Evidence

Part Four The Early Modern World, 1450–1750
The Big Picture Debating the Character of an Era
An Early Modern Era? A Late Agrarian Era?
Landmarks of the Early Modern Era, 1450–1750

14 Empires and Encounters, 1450–1750
European Empires in the Americas
The European Advantage The Great Dying The

Columbian Exchange
Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas
In the Lands of the Aztecs and the Incas Colonies of Sugar

Settler Colonies in North America
The Steppes and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire
  Experiencing the Russian Empire  Russians and Empire
Asian Empires
  Making China an Empire

Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire

Muslims, Christians, and the Ottoman Empire
Reflections: Countering Eurocentrism . . . or Reflecting It?
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Ethnic Composition of Colonial Societies in

Latin America
Documents State Building in the Early Modern Era
14.1—The “Self-Portrait” of a Chinese Emperor: The Emperor

Kangxi, Reflections, 1671-1722

14.2—The Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir: Jahangir, Memoirs,

1605-1627

14.3—An Outsider’s View of Suleiman I: Ogier Ghiselin de

Busbecq, The Turkish Letters, 1555-1562

14.4 and 14.5—French State-Building and Louis XIV: Louis XIV,

Memoirs, 1670, and Jean-Baptiste Colbert,

Instructions for Intendants, 1680
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources The Conquest of Mexico Through Aztec Eyes
Disaster Foretold Moctezuma and Cortés

The Massacre of the Nobles

The Spanish Retreat from Tenochtitlan

Smallpox: Disease and Defeat
Using the Evidence

15 Global Commerce, 1450–1750
Europeans and Asian Commerce
A Portuguese Empire of Commerce

Spain and the Philippines

The East India Companies

Asian Commerce
Silver and Global Commerce
The “World Hunt”: Fur in Global Commerce
Commerce in People: The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Slave Trade in Context

The Slave Trade in Practice

Comparing Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa
Reflections: Economic Globalization—Then and Now
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Key Moments in the European Encounter with Asia
Snapshot: The Slave Trade in Numbers
Documents Voices from the Slave Trade
15.1—The Journey to Slavery: Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting

Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789

15.2—The Business of the Slave Trade: Thomas Phillips, A Journal

of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal of London, 1694

15.3—The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo: King Affonso

I, Letters to King Jao of Portugal, 1526

15.4—The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante: Osei Bonsu,

           Conversation with Joseph Dupuis, 1820
  Using the Evidence
Images Exchange and Status in the Early Modern World
Tea and Porcelain in Europe   A Chocolate Party in Spain  An

Ottoman Coffeehouse

Clothing and Status in Colonial Mexico

Procession and Display in the Kingdom of Dahomey
Using the Evidence

16 Religion and Science, 1450–1750
The Globalization of Christianity
Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation

Christianity Outward Bound

Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America

An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits
Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions
Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World

China: New Directions in an Old Tradition

India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide
A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science
The Question of Origins: Why Europe?

Science as Cultural Revolution

Science and Enlightenment

Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century

European Science beyond the West
Reflections: Cultural Borrowing and Its Hazards
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Catholic/Protestant Differences in the

Sixteenth Century
Snapshot: Major Thinkers and Achievements of the

Scientific Revolution
Documents Cultural Change in the Early Modern World
16.1—Luther’s Protest: Martin Luther, Table Talk,

early sixteenth century

16.2—Progress and Enlightenment: Marquis de Condorcet, Sketch

of the Progress of the Human Mind, 1793-1794

16.3—Debating Confucianism: Wang Yangming, Conversations,

early sixteenth century

16.4—The Wahhabi Perspective on Islam: Abdullah Wahhab,

History and Doctrines of the Wahhabis, 1803

16.5—The Poetry of Kabîr: Kabîr, Poetry, ca. late fifteenth century
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Global Christianity in the Early Modern Era
Pieter Seanredam, Interior of a Dutch Reformed Church

Catholic Baroque: Interior of Pilgrimage Church, Mariazell, Austria

Cultural Blending in Andean Christianity

Making Christianity Chinese

Christian Art at the Mughal Court
Using the Evidence

Part Five The European Moment In World History, 1750–1914
The Big Picture European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism
Eurocentric Geography and History Countering Eurocentrism
Landmarks of the European Moment in World History, 1750–1914

17 Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes, 1750–1914
Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
The North American Revolution, 1775–1787

The French Revolution, 1789–1815

The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804

Spanish American Revolutions, 1810–1825
Echoes of Revolution
The Abolition of Slavery

Nations and Nationalism

Feminist Beginnings
Reflections: Revolutions Pro and Con
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of Atlantic Revolutions
Snapshot: Key Moments in the Growth of Nationalism
Documents Claiming Rights
17.1—The French Revolution and the “Rights of Man”: The

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 1789

17.2—The Rights of Women: Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication

of the Rights of Woman, 1792

17.3—Rights and National Independence: Simón Bolívar, The

Jamaica Letter, 1815

17.4—Rights and Slavery: Frederick Douglass, What to the Slave

Is the Fourth of July?, 1852

17.5—Rights in the Colonial World: Raden Adjeng Kartini,

           Letter to a Friend, 1899
  Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Representing the French Revolution
The Early Years of the French Revolution: “The Joyous Accord”

A Reversal of Roles: The Three Estates of the Old Regime

Revolution and Religion: “Patience, Monsignor, your turn will come.”

An English Response to Revolution: “Hell Broke Loose or, the Murder of Louis”

Revolution, War, and Resistance: A German View of Napoleon
Using the Evidence

18 Revolutions of Industrialization, 1750–1914
Explaining the Industrial Revolution
Why Europe?

Why Britain?
The First Industrial Society
The British Aristocracy

The Middle Classes

The Laboring Classes

Social Protest
Variations on a Theme: Comparing Industrialization in the United

States and Russia
The United States: Industrialization without Socialism

Russia: Industrialization and Revolution
The Industrial Revolution in Latin America in the Nineteenth Century
After Independence in Latin America

Facing the World Economy Becoming like Europe?
Reflections: History and Horse Races
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Measuring the Industrial Revolution
Snapshot: The Industrial Revolution and the Global Divide
Documents Varieties of European Marxism
18.1—Socialism According to Marx: Karl Marx and Friedrich

Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848

18.2—Socialism without Revolution: Eduard Bernstein, Evolutionary

Socialism, 1899

18.3—Socialism and Women: Clara Zetkin, The German Socialist

Women’s Movement, 1909

18.4—Socialism in Song: Eugene Pottier, The Internationale, 1871

18.5—Lenin and Russian Socialism: V.I. Lenin, What Is To

Be Done?, 1902
Using the Evidence
Visua Sources Art and the Industrial Revolution
The Machinery Department of the Crystal Palace

The Railroad as a Symbol of the Industrial Era

Outside the Factory: Eyre Crowe, The Dinner Hour, Wigan

Inside the Factory: Lewis W. Hine, Child Labor, 1912

Philip James de Loutherbourg, Coalbrookdale by Night

John Leech, Capital and Labour
Using the Evidence

19 Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, the

Ottoman Empire, and Japan, 1800–1914
The External Challenge: European Industry and Empire
New Motives, New Means New Perceptions of the “Other”
Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis
The Crisis Within

Western Pressures

The Failure of Conservative Modernization
The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century
“The Sick Man of Europe”

Reform and Its Opponents

Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire
The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power
The Tokugawa Background

American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration

Modernization Japanese Style

Japan and the World
Reflections: Success and Failure in History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Chinese/British Trade at Canton, 1835–1836
Snapshot: Key Moments in the Rise of Japan in the

Nineteenth Century and Beyond
Documents Voices from the Opium War
19.1—A Chinese Response to Lord Macartney: Emperor Qianlong,

Message to King George III, 1793

19.2 and 19.3—Debating the Opium Problem: Xu Naiji, An

Argument for Legalization, 1836, and Yuan Yulin,

An Argument for Suppression, 1836

19.4—A Moral Appeal to Queen Victoria: Commissioner Lin Zexu,

Letter to Queen Victoria, 1839

19.5—War and Defeat: The Treaty of Nanjing, 1842
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Changing Japanese Perceptions of the West
The Black Ships

Depicting the Americans

Women and Westernization

Kobayashi Kiyochika’s Critique of Wholesale Westernization

Japan, China, and Europe: A Reversal of Roles
Using the Evidence

20 Colonial Encounters, 1750–1914
A Second Wave of European Conquests
Under European Rule
Cooperation and Rebellion

Colonial Empires with a Difference
Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies
Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State

Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market

Economies of Wage Labor: Working for Europeans

Women and the Colonial Economy: An African Case Study

Assessing Colonial Development
Believing and Belonging: Identity and Cultural Change in the

Colonial Era
  Education  Religion  “Race” and “Tribe”
Reflections: Who Makes History?
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Long-Distance Migration in an Age of Empire,

1846–1940
Documents Indian Responses to Empire
20.1—The Wonders of British Calcutta: Nawab Muhabbat Khan,

On Calcutta, late eighteenth century

20.2—Seeking Western Education: Ram Mohan Roy, Letter to

Lord Amherst, 1823

20.3—The Indian Rebellion: Bahadur Shah, The Azamgarh

Proclamation, 1857

20.4—The Credits and Debits of British Rule in India: Dadabhai

Naoroji, Speech to a London Audience, 1871

20.5—Gandhi on Modern Civilization: Mahatma Gandhi, Indian

Home Rule, 1908
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources The Scramble for Africa
Prelude to the Scramble

Conquest and Competition

From the Cape to Cairo

A French Critique of the Boer War

The Ethiopian Exception
Using the Evidence

Part Six The Most Recent Century, 1914–2010
The Big Picture The Twentieth Century: A New Period in

World History?
Old and New in the Twentieth Century Three Regions—

One World
Landmarks of the Most Recent Century, 1914–2010

21 The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, 1914–1970s
The First World War: European Civilization in Crisis, 1914–1918
An Accident Waiting to Happen

Legacies of the Great War
Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression
Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan
The Fascist Alternative in Europe

Hitler and the Nazis

Japanese Authoritarianism
A Second World War
The Road to War in Asia

The Road to War in Europe

World War II: The Outcomes of Global Conflict
The Recovery of Europe
Reflections: War and Remembrance: Learning from History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Comparing the Impact of the Depression
Snapshot: Key Moments in the History of World War II
Documents Ideologies of the Axis Powers
21.1—Mussolini on Fascism: Benito Mussolini, The Political and

Social Doctrine of Fascism, 1933

21.2—Hitler on Nazism: Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf (My Struggle),

1925-1926 Document

21.3—The Japanese Way: Cardinal Principles of the National Entity

           of Japan, 1937
  Using the Evidence
Images Propaganda and Critique in World War I
Women and the War

Defining the Enemy

War and the Colonies

The Battlefield

The Aftermath of War
Using the Evidence

22 The Rise and Fall of World Communism, 1917–Present
Global Communism
Comparing Revolutions as a Path to Communism
Russia: Revolution in a Single Year

China: A Prolonged Revolutionary Struggle
Building Socialism in Two Countries
Communist Feminism

Socialism in the Countryside

Communism and Industrial Development

The Search for Enemies
East versus West: A Global Divide and a Cold War
Military Conflict and the Cold War

Nuclear Standoff and Third World Rivalry

The United States: Superpower of the West, 1945–1975

The Communist World, 1950s–1970s
Comparing Paths to the End of Communism
China: Abandoning Communism and Maintaining the Party

The Soviet Union: The Collapse of Communism and Country
Reflections: To Judge or Not to Judge
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: China under Mao, 1949–1976
Documents Experiencing Stalinism
22.1—Stalin on Stalinism: Joseph Stalin, The Results of the First

Five-Year Plan, 1933

22.2—Living through Collectivization: Maurice Hindus,

Red Bread, 1931

22.3—Living through Industrialization: Personal Accounts of

Industrialization, 1930s

22.4—Living through the Terror: Personal Accounts of

the Terror, 1930s
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Poster Art in Mao’s China
Smashing the Old Society

Building the New Society: The People’s Commune

Women, Nature, and Industrialization

The Cult of Mao

Propaganda Posters after Mao
Using the Evidence

23 Independence and Development in the Global South,

1914–Present
Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence
The End of Empire in World History

Explaining African and Asian Independence
Comparing Freedom Struggles
The Case of India: Ending British Rule

The Case of South Africa: Ending Apartheid
Experiments with Freedom
Experiments in Political Order: Comparing African Nations

and India

Experiments in Economic Development: Changing Priorities,

Varying Outcomes

Experiments with Culture: The Role of Islam in Turkey

and Iran
Reflections: History in the Middle of the Stream

Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Key Moments in South African History

Snapshot: Economic Development in the Global South by the

Early Twenty-first Century

Documents Debating Development in Africa
23.1—The Colonial Legacy for Modern Development: A. Adu

Boahen, African Perspectives on Development, 1987

23.2—Development and African Unity: Kwame Nkrumah,

Africa Must Unite, 1963

23.3—Development, Socialism, and Self-Reliance: Julius Nyerere,

The Arusha Declaration, 1967

23.4—Development and Women: Mildred Malineo Tau, Women:

Critical to African Development, 1981

23.5—Development, Elites, and the State: George B. N. Ayittey,

Africa Betrayed, 1992, and Africa in Chaos, 1998
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Representing Independence
Non-Co-operation Tree and Mahatma Gandhi

African National Congress

Vietnamese Independence and Victory over the United States

Winning a Jewish National State

A Palestinian Nation in the Making
Using the Evidence

24 Accelerating Global Interaction, Since 1945
The Transformation of the World Economy
Reglobalization

Growth, Instability, and Inequality

Globalization and an American Empire
The Globalization of Liberation: Comparing Feminist Movements
Feminism in the West

Feminism in the Global South

International Feminism
Religion and Global Modernity
Fundamentalism on a Global Scale

Creating Islamic Societies: Resistance and Renewal in the

World of Islam

Religious Alternatives to Fundamentalism
The World’s Environment and the Globalization of Environmentalism
The Global Environment Transformed

Green and Global
Final Reflections: Pondering the Uses of History
Second Thoughts
What’s the Significance? Big Picture Questions

Next Steps: For Further Study
Snapshot: Indicators of Reglobalization
Snapshot: World Population Growth, 1950–2005
Documents Contending for Islam
24.1—A Secular State for an Islamic Society in Turkey: Mustafa

Kemal Atatürk, Speech to the General Congress of the

Republican Party, 1927

24.2—Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood: Hassan al-Banna, Toward

the Light, 1936

24.3—The Ideas of the Ayatollah Khomeini: Ayatollah Khomeini,

Sayings of the Ayatollah Khomeini, 1980

24.4—A Liberal Viewpoint from an Islamic Woman: Benazir Bhutto,

Politics and the Muslim Woman, 1985

24.5—Islam and 9/11: Kabir Helminski: “Islam and

Human Values,” 2009
Using the Evidence
Visual Sources Experiencing Globalization
Globalization and Work

Globalization and Consumerism

Globalization and Migration