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Brian Levack received his Ph.D. from Yale and is the John Green Regents Professor in History at University of Texas at Austin. The winner of several teaching awards, Levack teaches a wide variety of courses on British and European history, legal history, and the history of witchcraft. His books include The Civil Lawyers in England, 1603–1641: A Political Study (1973), The Formation of the British State: England, Scotland and the Union, 1603–1707 (1987), The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (3rd edition, 2006), and Witch-Hunting in Scotland: Law, Politics, and Religion (2008).
Edward Muir received his Ph.D. from Rutgers University, where he specialized in the Italian Renaissance and did archival research in Venice and Florence, Italy. He is now the Clarence L. Ver Steeg Professor in the Arts and Sciences at Northwestern University and former chair of the history department. At Northwestern he has won several teaching awards. His books include Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice (1981), Mad Blood Stirring: Vendetta in Renaissance Italy (1993 and 1998), Ritual in Early Modern Europe (1997 and 2005), and The Culture Wars of the Late Renaissance: Skeptics, Libertines, and Opera (2007).
Meredith Veldman received a Ph.D. in modern European history, with a concentration in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain, from Northwestern University. As an Associate Professor of history and award-winning instructor at Louisiana State University, she teaches courses in nineteenth- and twentieth-century British history and twentieth-century Europe, as well as the second half of “Western Civ.” Veldman is also the author of Fantasy, the Bomb, and the Greening of Britain: Romantic Protest, 1945—1980 (1994).
“What Is the West?”
The Shifting Borders of the West
Changing Identities within the West
Western Values
Asking the Right Questions
1. The Beginnings of Civilizations, 10,000-1150 B.C.E.
Defining Civilization, Defining Western Civilization
Mesopotamia: Kingdoms, Empires, and Conquests
Egypt: The Empire of the Nile
Conclusion: Civilization and the West
2. The Age of Empires: The International Bronze Age and its Aftermath, ca. 1500-550 B.C.E.
The Dynamism of the International Bronze Age
Recovery and Rebuilding: Empires and Societies in the Aftermath of the International Bronze Age
The Civilization of the Hebrews
Conclusion: International Systems, Ancient Empires, and the Roots of Western Civilization
3. Persians, Hebrews, and Greeks: The Foundations of Western Culture, 1100-336 B.C.E.
Greece Rebuilds, 1100—479 B.C.E.
The Greek Encounter with Persia
The Classical Age of Greece, 479—336 B.C.E.
Conclusion: The Cultural Foundations of the West
4. Hellenistic Civilization
The Impact of Alexander the Great
Hellenism in the East and West
Hellenistic Society and Culture
Hellenistic Philosophy and Science
Conclusion: Defining the West in the Hellenistic Age
5. The Roman Republic
The Nature of the Roman Republic
Roman Territorial Expansion
The Culture of the Roman Republic
Social Life in Republican Rome
The End of the Roman Republic
Conclusion: The Roman Republic and the West
6. Enclosing the West: The Early Roman Empire and Its Neighbors: 31 B.C.E.-235 C.E.
The Imperial Center
Life in the Roman Provinces: Assimilation, Resistance, and Romanization
The Frontier and Beyond
Society and Culture in the Imperial Age
Conclusion: Rome Shapes the West
7. Late Antiquity: The Age of New Boundaries, 250-600.
Crisis and Recovery in the Third Century
Toward a Christian Empire
New Christian Communities and Identities
The Break-Up of the Roman Empire
Conclusion: The Age of New Boundaries
8. Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam
Byzantium: The Survival of the Roman Empire
The New World of Islam
Conclusion: Three Cultural Realms
9. Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West
The Birth of Latin Christendom
The Carolingians
Invasions and Recovery in the Latin West
The West in the East: The Crusades
Conclusion: An Emerging Unity in the Latin West
10. Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Two Worlds: Manors and Cities
The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism
Strengthening the Center of the West
Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding
Conclusion: Asserting Western Culture
11. The Medieval West in Crisis
A Time of Death
A Cold Wind from the East
Economic Depression and Social Turmoil
An Age of Warfare
A Troubled Church and the Demand for Religious Comfort
The Culture of Loss
Conclusion: Looking Inward
12. The Italian Renaissance and Beyond: The Politics of Culture
The Cradle of the Renaissance: The Italian City-States
The Influence of Ancient Culture
The Early Modern European State System
Conclusion: The Politics of Culture
13. The West and the World: The Significance of Global Encounters, 1450-1650
Europeans in Africa
Europeans in the Americas
Europeans in Asia
The Beginnings of the Global System
Conclusion: The Significance of the Global Encounters
14. The Reformation of Religion
Causes of the Reformation
The Lutheran Reformation
The Diversity of Protestantism
The Catholic Reformation
Conclusion: Competing Understandings
15. The Age of Confessional Division
The Peoples of Early Modern Europe
Disciplining the People
Hunting Witches
The Confessional States
States and Confessions in Eastern Europe
Conclusion: The Divisions of the West
16. Absolutism and State-Building in Europe, 1618-1715
The Nature of Absolutism
The Absolutist State in France and Spain
Absolutism and State-Building in Central and Eastern Europe
Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic
Conclusion: The Western State in the Age of Absolutism
17. The Scientific Revolution
The Discoveries and Achievements of the Scientific Revolution
The Search for Scientific Knowledge
The Causes of the Scientific Revolution
The Intellectual Consequences of the Scientific Revolution
Humans and the Natural World
Conclusion: Science and Western Culture
18. The West and the World: Empire, Trade, and War, 1650-1815
European Empires in the Americas and Asia
Warfare in Europe, North America, and Asia
The Atlantic World
Encounters between Europeans and Asians
The Crisis of Empire and the Atlantic Revolutions
Conclusion: The Rise and Reshaping of the West
19. Eighteenth-Century Society and Culture
The Aristocracy
Challenges to Aristocratic Dominance
The Enlightenment
The Impact of the Enlightenment
Conclusion: The Enlightenment and Western Identity
20. The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815
The First French Revolution, 1789-1791
The French Republic, 1792-1799
Cultural Change in France During the Revolution
The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815
The Legacy of the French Revolution
Conclusion: The French Revolution and Western Civilization
21. The Industrial Revolution
The Nature of the Industrial Revolution
Conditions Favoring Industrial Growth
The Spread of Industrialization
The Effects of Industrialization
Industry, Trade, and Empire
Conclusion: Industrialization and the West
22. Ideological Conflicts and National Unification, 1815-1871
New Ideologies in the Early Nineteenth Century
Ideological Encounters in Europe, 1815-1848
National Unification in Europe and America, 1848-1871
International Conflict and Domestic Politics, 1853-1871
Conclusion: The Ideological Transformation in the West
23. The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation, and Instability, 1870-1914
Economic Transformation
Defining the Political Nation
Broadening the Political Nation
Outside the Political Nation? The Experience of Women
Conclusion: The West in an Age of Mass Politics
24. The West and the World: Cultural Crisis and the New Imperialism, 1870-1914
Scientific Transformations
Cultural Crisis: The Fin de Siecle and the Birth of Modernism
The New Imperialism
Conclusion: Reshaping the West: Expansion and Fragmentation
25. The First World War
The Origins of the First World War
The Experience of Total War
The Home Fronts
War and Revolution
Conclusion: The War and the West
26. Reconstruction, Reaction, and Continuing Revolution—The 1920s and 1930s
Cultural Despair and Desire
Out of the Trenches: Reconstructing Nationalism and Gender Politics in the 1920s
The Rise of the Radical Right
The Polarization of Politics in the 1930s
The West and the World: Imperialism in the Interwar Era
Conclusion: The Kingdom of Corpses
27. World War II
The Coming of War
Europe at War, 1939-1941
The World at War, 1941-1945
From Allied Defeat to Allied Victory
The War Against the Jews
The Home Front: The Other Wars
Conclusion: The New West: After Auschwitz and the Atom Bomb
28. Redefining the West After World War II
A Dubious Peace, 1945-1949
The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War
The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950s and 1960s
The West: Consensus, Consumption, and Culture
Conclusion: New Definitions, New Divisions
29. The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations
Economic Stagnation and Political Change: The 1970s and 1980s
Revolution in the East
In the Wake of Revolution
Rethinking the West
Conclusion: Where Is the West Now?
Glossary
Index
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