West, The: Encounters & Transformations, Volume C (since 1789)

by Levack, Brian; Muir, Edward; Veldman, Meredith; Maas, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780321364036
• ISBN10: 0321364031
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

With the best of Longman's multimedia solutions for history in one easy-to-use place, MyHistoryLab offers students and instructors a state-of-the-art interactive and instructional solution for your Western Civilization survey course. Delivered within CourseCompass, Blackboard, or WebCT, and in a non-course-management version, MyHistoryLab is designed to be used as a supplement to a traditional lecture course or to administer as a completely online course. MyHistoryLab-your online link to a wealth of history resources-is geared to meet the individual teaching and learning needs of every instructor and every student and is packed with helpful tips, review materials, and activities to make the study of history an enjoyable learning experience. MyHistoryLab is available at no additional cost when packaged with a new textbook. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Documents	p. xv
Maps	p. xv
Features	p. xvi
Chronologies	p. xvi
Preface	p. xvii
Meet the Authors	p. xxxiii
What Is the West?	p. 2
The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815	p. 606
The First French Revolution, 1789-1791	p. 609
The Beginning of the Revolution	p. 609
The Creation of a New Political Society	p. 611
Responses to the First French Revolution	p. 612
The French Republic, 1792-1799	p. 613
The Establishment of the Republic, 1792	p. 614
The Jacobins and the Revolution	p. 616
The Reign of Terror, 1793-1794	p. 620
The Directory, 1795-1799	p. 621
Cultural Change in France During the Revolution	p. 623
The Transformation of Cultural Institutions	p. 623
Schools	p. 623
Academies	p. 623
Libraries	p. 624
Museums and Monuments	p. 624
The Creation of a New Political Culture	p. 625
Cultural Uniformity	p. 627
The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815	p. 627
Napoleon's Rise to Power	p. 628
Napoleon and the Revolution	p. 628
Napoleon and the French State	p. 630
Concordat with the Papacy	p. 630
The Civil Code	p. 631
Administrative Centralization	p. 631
Napoleon, the Empire, and Europe	p. 632
The Downfall of Napoleon	p. 636
The Legacy of the French Revolution	p. 639
Conclusion: The French Revolution and Western Civilization	p. 640
Justice in History: The Trial of Louis XVI	p. 618
Encounters & Transformations: The French Encounter the Egyptians, 1798-1801	p. 634
The Industrial Revolution	p. 642
The Nature of the Industrial Revolution	p. 644
New Industrial Technology	p. 645
Textile Machinery	p. 645
The Steam Engine	p. 646
Mineral Sources of Energy	p. 646
The Growth of Factories	p. 648
New Methods of Transportation	p. 650
Conditions Favoring Industrial Growth	p. 651
Population Growth	p. 651
Agricultural Productivity	p. 652
Capital Formation and Accumulation	p. 652
Technological Knowledge and Entrepreneurship	p. 653
Demand from Consumers and Producers	p. 653
The Spread of Industrialization	p. 654
Great Britain and the Continent	p. 654
Features of Continental Industrialization	p. 657
Industrialization in the United States	p. 658
Industrial Regionalism	p. 659
The Effects of Industrialization	p. 659
Population and Economic Growth	p. 660
Standards of Living	p. 660
Women, Children, and Industry	p. 662
Class and Class Consciousness	p. 663
The Industrial Landscape	p. 667
Industry, Trade, and Empire	p. 669
East Asia: The Opium War, 1839-1842	p. 670
India: Annexation and Trade	p. 670
Latin America: An Empire of Trade	p. 671
Ireland: The Internal Colony	p. 671
Conclusion: Industrialization and the West	p. 671
Justice in History: The Sadler Committee on Child Labor	p. 664
Encounters & Transformations: The Peterloo Massacre 1819	p. 668
Ideological Conflict and National Unification, 1815-1871	p. 674
New Ideologies in the Early Nineteenth Century	p. 676
Liberalism: The Protection of Individual Freedom	p. 676
Conservatism: Preserving the Established Order	p. 678
Socialism: The Demand for Equality	p. 679
Nationalism: The Unity of the People	p. 681
Culture and Ideology	p. 682
Scientific Rationalism	p. 682
Romanticism	p. 683
Ideological Encounters in Europe, 1815-1848	p. 685
Liberal and Nationalist Revolts, 1820-1825	p. 686
The Liberal Revolt of 1820 in Spain and Portugal	p. 686
The Nationalist Revolt of 1821 in Greece	p. 686
The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 in Russia	p. 687
Liberal and Nationalist Revolts, 1830	p. 687
The French Revolution: The Success of Liberalism	p. 687
The Belgian Revolution: The Success of Nationalism	p. 688
The Polish Rebellion: The Failure of Nationalism	p. 689
Liberal Reform in Britain, 1815-1848	p. 690
The Revolutions of 1848	p. 692
The French Revolutions of 1848	p. 692
The Revolutions of 1848 in Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia	p. 693
The Revolutions of 1848 in Italy	p. 695
The Failure of the Revolutions of 1848	p. 698
National Unification in Europe and America, 1848-1871	p. 698
Italian Unification: Building a Fragile Nation-State	p. 698
German Unification: Conservative Nation-Building	p. 700
Unification in the United States: Creating a Nation of Nations	p. 703
Nationalism in Eastern Europe: Preserving Multinational Empires	p. 704
Ideology, Empire, and the Balance of Power	p. 705
Britain, the United States, and the Monroe Doctrine of 1823	p. 705
Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Crimean War, 1853-1856	p. 706
The German Empire and the Paris Commune, 1870-1871	p. 706
Conclusion: The Ideological Transformation of the West	p. 708
The Human Body in History: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein: The Body in Romantic Literature	p. 684
Justice in History: Prostitution, Corporal Punishment, and Liberalism in Germany	p. 696
The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation, and Instability, 1870-1914	p. 710
Economic Transformation	p. 712
Economic Depression	p. 712
Industrial Expansion	p. 712
The Second Industrial Revolution	p. 713
On the Move: Emigration and Urbanization	p. 715
Growing Social Unrest	p. 716
Defining the Political Nation	p. 717
Nation Making	p. 717
Franchise Expansion	p. 717
Social Reform	p. 718
Schooling the Nation	p. 719
Inventing Traditions	p. 719
Crisis, Revolution, and Civil War: The Examples of France, Russia, and Ireland	p. 720
France: A Crisis of Legitimacy	p. 720
Russia: Revolution and Reaction	p. 721
The Irish Identity Conflict	p. 725
Broadening the Political Nation	p. 725
The Politics of the Working Class	p. 725
The Workers' City	p. 725
Working-Class Socialism and the Revolutionary Problem	p. 726
Radical Trade Unions and the Anarchist Threat	p. 728
The Politics of Race and Nation	p. 729
Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary: The Politics of Division	p. 729
Anti-Semitism in Mass Politics	p. 731
Zionism: Jewish Mass Politics	p. 732
Outside the Political Nation? The Experience of Women	p. 732
Changes in the Position of Middle-Class Women	p. 733
Women and the Law	p. 735
Finding a Place: Employment and Education	p. 736
No More Angels	p. 737
The Fight for Women's Suffrage	p. 737
Conclusion: The West in an Age of Mass Politics	p. 739
Justice in History: The Dreyfus Affair: Defining National Identity in France	p. 722
The Human Body in History: Men in Black	p. 734
The West and the World: Cultural Crisis and the New Imperialism, 1870-1914	p. 742
Scientific Transformations	p. 744
Medicine and Microbes	p. 744
The Triumph of Evolutionary Science	p. 745
Social Darwinism and Racial Hierarchies	p. 747
The Revolution in Physics	p. 748
Social Thought: The Revolt Against Positivism	p. 749
Cultural Crisis: The Fin-de-Siecle and the Birth of Modernism	p. 750
The Fin-de-Siecle	p. 750
Tightening Gender Boundaries	p. 751
The Birth of Modernism	p. 754
Popular Religion and Secularization	p. 758
The New Imperialism	p. 759
Understanding the New Imperialism	p. 759
Technology, Economics, and Politics	p. 759
The Imperial Idea	p. 760
The Scramble for Africa	p. 761
Overcoming the Obstacles	p. 763
Slicing the Cake: The Conquest of Africa	p. 765
African Resistance	p. 766
Asian Encounters	p. 766
Expanding the West: The United States and Australia	p. 768
The Continued Expansion of the Russian Empire	p. 769
Japanese Industrial and Imperial Expansion	p. 770
Scrambling in China	p. 771
A Glimpse of Things to Come: The Boer War	p. 772
Conclusion: Reshaping the West: Expansion and Fragmentation	p. 733
Justice in History: The Trial of Oscar Wilde	p. 752
Encounters & Transformations: Picasso Goes to the Museum	p. 762
The First World War	p. 776
The Origins of the First World War	p. 778
Nationalism in Eastern Europe: Austria-Hungary and the Problem of Serbia	p. 779
International Competition and Rival Alliance Systems	p. 779
Mobilization Plans and the Industrialized Military	p. 781
The Will to War	p. 783
The Experience of Total War	p. 785
The Western Front: Stalemate in the Trenches	p. 785
The Troglodyte War	p. 785
The Offensives	p. 786
A Modernist War	p. 788
The War in Eastern Europe	p. 789
The Eastern Front: A War of Movement	p. 789
The Forgotten Front: The Balkans	p. 791
The World at War	p. 791
The War at Sea and the Entry of the United States	p. 793
Back in Motion: The Western Front in 1918	p. 794
The Home Fronts	p. 794
Industrial War	p. 794
The Expansion of the State	p. 795
The Politics of Total War	p. 795
The World Turned Upside Down	p. 796
The War's Impact on Social Relations	p. 796
The War's Impact on Gender Relations	p. 796
Identifying the Enemy: From Propaganda to Genocide	p. 797
War and Revolution	p. 800
The Russian Revolutions	p. 800
The March Revolution	p. 800
The November Revolution	p. 801
The Spreading Revolution	p. 802
The Failure of Wilson's Revolution	p. 803
The Treaty of Versailles and German Democracy	p. 806
The Failure of National Self-Determination	p. 806
The Limits of the League	p. 808
The Making of the Modern Middle East	p. 809
Conclusion: The War and the West	p. 810
The Human Body in History: Shell Shock: From Woman's Malady to Soldier's Affliction	p. 798
Justice in History: Revolutionary Justice: The Nontrial of Nicholas and Alexandra	p. 804
Reconstruction, Reaction, and Continuing Revolution: The 1920s and 1930s	p. 812
Cultural Despair and Desire	p. 814
The Waste Land	p. 814
Building Something Better	p. 815
Machinery and Movement	p. 815
Scientific Possibilities	p. 816
Out of the Trenches: Reconstructing Natural and Gender Politics in the 1920s	p. 818
The Reconstruction of Russia: From Tsar to Commissar	p. 818
The Reconstruction of National Politics in Eastern and Central Europe	p. 820
The Defeat of Democracy in Eastern Europe	p. 820
The Weakness of the Weimar Republic	p. 820
The Reconstruction of Gender	p. 824
The New Woman	p. 824
The Reconstruction of Traditional Roles	p. 825
Women and the Bolshevik Revolution	p. 826
The Rise of the Radical Right	p. 826
The Fascist Alternative	p. 826
Mussolini's Rise to Power	p. 826
The Fascist Revolution in Italy	p. 827
The Great Depression and the Spread of Fascism After 1929	p. 828
The Nazi Revolution	p. 829
Hitler's Rise to Power	p. 829
National Recovery	p. 830
Campaigns of Repression and Terror	p. 832
Women and the Radical Right	p. 832
The Polarization of Politics in the 1930s	p. 832
The Soviet Union Under Stalin: Revolution Reconstructed, Terror Extended	p. 833
Stalin's Rise to Power	p. 833
The "Revolution from Above": Collectivization and Industrialization, 1928-1934	p. 834
Stalin's Consolidation of Power: The Great Purge and Soviet Society, 1934-1939	p. 835
Stalin and the Nation	p. 836
The Response of the Democracies	p. 837
A Third Way? The Social Democratic Alternative	p. 838
The Popular Front in France	p. 839
The Spanish Civil War	p. 839
The West and the World: Imperialism in the Interwar Era	p. 840
The Irish Revolution	p. 840
Changing Power Equations: Ideology and Economics	p. 840
Postwar Nationalism, Westernization, and the Islamic Challenge	p. 841
The Emergence of Pan-Arabism	p. 842
State Nationalism on the Western Model	p. 842
The Islamic Challenge	p. 843
Moral Revolution in India	p. 843
The Power of the Primitive	p. 845
Conclusion: The Kingdom of Corpses	p. 846
Justice in History: The Trial of Adolf Hitler	p. 822
Encounters & Transformations: From Mohandas to Mahatma: Gandhi's Transformation	p. 844
World War II	p. 848
The Coming of War	p. 850
An Uneasy Peace	p. 850
The 1930s: Prelude to World War II	p. 851
Evaluating Appeasement	p. 853
Europe at War, 1939-1941	p. 854
A New Kind of Warfare	p. 854
The Conquest of Poland	p. 854
Blitzkrieg on Western Europe	p. 855
The Battle of Britain	p. 856
The Invasion of the Soviet Union	p. 856
A Crucial Postponement	p. 857
Early Success	p. 858
The Fatal Winter	p. 858
The World at War, 1941-1945	p. 859
The Globalization of the War	p. 859
From Allied Defeat to Allied Victory	p. 860
The Turning Point: Midway, El Alamein, and Stalingrad	p. 860
The Allies on the Offensive	p. 862
The Fall of Germany	p. 863
The Air War, the Atom Bomb, and the Fall of Japan	p. 865
The Air War	p. 866
The Manhattan Project	p. 866
A Light Brighter Than a Thousand Suns	p. 867
The War Against the Jews	p. 868
From Emigration to Extermination: The Evolution of Genocide	p. 869
The Death Camps: Murder by Assembly Line	p. 870
The Allies' Response	p. 872
The Home Front: The Other Wars	p. 872
The Limits of Resistance	p. 872
Civil War in Yugoslavia	p. 876
Under Occupation	p. 876
The Women's War	p. 877
What Are We Fighting For?	p. 879
Myth Making and Morale Building	p. 879
Planning for Reconstruction	p. 879
Conclusion: The New West: After Auschwitz and the Atom Bomb	p. 880
The Human Body in History: The GI	p. 864
Justice in History: The Trial of Adolf Eichmann	p. 874
Redefining the West After World War II	p. 884
A Dubious Peace, 1945-1949	p. 886
Devastation, Death, and Continuing War	p. 886
From Hot to Cold War	p. 888
Fraying Seams, 1943-1945	p. 888
Torn in Two, 1946-1949	p. 889
The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War	p. 892
The End to the Age of European Empires	p. 892
The Imperialist Legacy	p. 895
The Globalization of the Cold War	p. 896
The Korean War, 1950-1953	p. 896
Changing Temperatures in the Cold War, 1953-1960	p. 898
On the Brink: The Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis	p. 899
Cold War Arenas: Vietnam and the Middle East	p. 899
The Third World	p. 900
The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950s and 1960s	p. 901
From Stalinist Terror to De-Stalinization	p. 901
Re-Stalinization and Stagnation: The Brezhnev Era	p. 904
Diversity and Dissent in Eastern Europe	p. 905
1956 and After	p. 905
The Prague Spring	p. 906
The West: Consensus, Consumption, and Culture	p. 907
The Triumph of Democracy	p. 907
Prosperity in the West	p. 908
Economic Integration	p. 908
The Age of Affluence	p. 908
Western Culture and Thought in the Age of Consumption	p. 909
Finding Meaning in the Age of Auschwitz and the Atom Bomb	p. 909
Culture and Ideas in the World of Plenty	p. 911
Science and Religion in an Age of Mass Consumption	p. 912
Social Encounters in the Age of Affluence	p. 913
Americanization, Coca-Colonization, and the Gaullist Protest	p. 913
Immigration and Ethnic Diversity	p. 914
The Second Sex?	p. 915
The Protest Era	p. 914
Conclusion: New Definitions, New Divisions	p. 920
Justice in History: Show Time: The Trial of Rudolf Slansky	p. 902
The Human Body in History: The Pill: Controlling the Female Body	p. 918
The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations	p. 922
Economic Stagnation and Political Change: The 1970s and 1980s	p. 924
The 1970s: A More Uncertain Era	p. 924
The Era of Detente	p. 924
Economic Crisis in the West	p. 925
Consequences of the Crisis	p. 926
The 1980s: The End of Political Consensus in the West	p. 927
The New Conservatives	p. 928
New Challenges and New Identities: New Feminism	p. 928
New Challenges and New Identities: Environmentalism	p. 929
From Detente to Renewed Cold War	p. 930
Revolution in the East	p. 931
The Crisis of Legitimacy in the East	p. 931
The Moment of Solidarity, the Moment of Punk	p. 931
Nature and the Nation	p. 933
Gorbachev and Radical Reform	p. 934
Glasnost and Perestroika	p. 934
Ending the Cold War	p. 935
The Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe	p. 935
The Disintegration of the Soviet Union	p. 936
In the Wake of Revolution	p. 938
Crisis Throughout the Former Soviet Union	p. 938
Eastern Europe: Stumbling Toward Democracy	p. 939
The "German Problem"?	p. 940
The Breakup of Yugoslavia	p. 940
Rethinking the West	p. 943
The European Union	p. 945
Islam, Terrorism, and European Identity	p. 945
Muslim Communities in Europe	p. 945
Terrorism, the West, and the Middle East	p. 945
Islamism and the West	p. 948
Euro-Islam	p. 950
Into the Postmodern Era	p. 951
The Making of the Postmodern	p. 951
Postmodern Cultures and Postindustrial Technologies	p. 952
Postmodern Patterns in Religious Life	p. 953
The Global Challenge	p. 954
The Global Economy	p. 954
The Environmental Crisis	p. 955
Conclusion: Where Is the West Now?	p. 956
Encounters & Transformations: Rock and the Velvet Revolution	p. 932
Justice in History: The Sentencing of Salman Rushdie	p. 946
Glossary	p. 1
Credits	p. 1
Index	p. 1
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