Western Civilization: Sources, Images, and Interpretations, Volume 2, Since 1660

by SHERMAN DENNIS

• ISBN13: 9780072565652
• ISBN10: 0072565659
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780073284743
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-03-27
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

This collection of primary, secondary, and visual sources for the Western Civilization survey course provides a broad introduction to the materials historians use, the interpretations historians make, and hundreds of years of Western civilization. Its broad selection of documents, photographs, maps, and charts, and its full array of accompanying commentaries--drawn from a balanced spectrum of perspectives and approaches--offer valuable insight into the work of historians and provide the context that helps students understand the texts' full historical significance.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Using this Book	xvii
Aristocracy and Absolutism in the Seventeenth Century*
Primary Sources
Using Primary Sources: Austria Over All If She Only Will: Mercantilism	4	(1)
Austria Over All If She Only Will: Mercantilism	5	(1)
Philipp W. von Hornick
The Great Elector, A Secret Letter: Monarchical Authority in Prussia	6	(1)
Frederick William
Memories: The Aristocracy Undermined in France	7	(1)
Saint-Simon
Second Treatise of Civil Government: Legislative Power	8	(1)
John Locke
Visual Sources
Using Visual Sources: The Early Modern Chateau	9	(1)
The Early Modern Chateau (photo)	10	(1)
Maternal Care (photo)	11	(1)
Pieter de Hooch
Secondary Sources
Using Secondary Sources: Absolutism: Myth and Reality	12	(1)
Absolutism: Myth and Reality	13	(1)
G. Durand
The English Revolution, 1688-1689	13	(1)
George Macaulay Trevelyan
Centuries of Childhood	14	(1)
Philippe Aries
The World We Have Lost: The Early Modern Family	14	(4)
Peter Laslett
The Scientific Revolution
Primary Sources
The Discourse on Method	18	(1)
Rene Descartes
Letter to Christina of Tuscany: Science and Scripture	18	(1)
Galileo Galilei
The Papal Inquisition of 1633: Galileo Condemned	19	(1)
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy	20	(1)
Sir Isaac Newton
Visual Source
A Vision of the New Science (photo)	20	(2)
Secondary Sources
Why Was Science Backward in the Middle Ages?	22	(1)
Michael Postan
Early Modern Europe: Motives for the Scientific Revolution	23	(1)
Sir George Clark
No Scientific Revolution for Women	23	(3)
Bonnie S. Anderson
Judith P. Zinsser
Politics and Society in the Ancien Regime
Primary Sources
Frederick the Great, Political Testament	26	(1)
The Complete English Tradesman	27	(1)
Daniel Defoe
Anonymous, The Slave Trade	28	(1)
Letter to Lady R., 1716: Women and the Aristocracy	29	(1)
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Women of the Third Estate	30	(1)
Visual Sources
Happy Accidents of the Swing (photo)	30	(2)
Jean-Honore Fragonard
Act of Humanity (photo)	32	(1)
Jean Defraine
The Battle of Fontenoy (text and photo)	32	(1)
C. C. P. Lawson
The Atlantic Slave Trade (chart)	33	(1)
Secondary Sources
Slavery---White, Black, Muslim, Christian	33	(1)
David Brion Davis
The Ancien Regime: Ideals and Realities	34	(1)
John Roberts
The Resurgent Aristocracy	34	(1)
Leonard Krieger
Lords and Peasants	35	(1)
Jerome Blum
Women's Work in Preindustrial Europe	36	(4)
Merry E. Wiesner
The Enlightenment
Primary Sources
What Is Enlightenment?	40	(1)
Immanuel Kant
The System of Nature	41	(1)
Baron d'Holbach
Prospectus for the Encyclopedia of Arts and Sciences	41	(1)
Denis Diderot
The Philosophe	42	(1)
Voltaire, Philosophical Dictinary: The English Model	43	(1)
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman	44	(1)
Mary Wollstonecraft
The Age of Reason: Deism	44	(1)
Thomas Paine
The Social Contract	45	(1)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Visual Sources
Frontispiece of the Encyclopedie (photo)	46	(1)
Experiment with an Air Pump (photo)	47	(1)
Joseph Wright
Joseph II of Austria, Propaganda and the Enlightened Monarch (text and photo)	47	(2)
Secondary Sources
The Age of Enlightenment	49	(1)
Lester G. Crocker
The Heavenly City of the Eighteenth-Century Philosophers	50	(1)
Carl L. Becker
Women in the Salons	50	(1)
Bonnie S. Anderson
Judith P. Zinsser
The Problem of Enlightened Absolutism	51	(5)
H. M. Scott
Part Five The Nineteenth Century
The French Revolution
Primary Sources
Travels in France: Signs of Revolution	56	(1)
Arthur Young
The Cahiers: Discontents of the Third Estate	57	(1)
What Is the Third Estate?	57	(1)
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes
Revolutionary Legislation: Abolition of the Feudal System	58	(1)
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen	59	(1)
Declaration of the Rights of Woman	60	(1)
Olympe de Gouges
The Declaration of Independence	61	(1)
Speech to the National Convention---February 5, 1794: The Terror Justified	62	(1)
Maximilien Robespierre
A Solder's Letters to His Mother: Revolutionary Nationalism	63	(1)
Francois-Xavier Joliclerc
Visual Sources
Allegory of the Revolution (photo)	63	(2)
Jeaurat de Bertray
Internal Disturbances and the Reign of Terror (maps and charts)	65	(1)
Secondary Sources
The Coming of the French Revolution	66	(1)
Georges Lefebvre
The Revolution of the Notables	67	(1)
Donald M. G. Sutherland
Loaves and Liberty: Women in the French Revolution	68	(1)
Ruth Graham
An Evaluation of the French Revolution	69	(3)
William Doyle
The Age of Napoleon
Primary Sources
Memoirs: Napoleon's Appeal	72	(1)
Madame de Remusat
Memoirs: Napoleon's Secret Police	72	(1)
Joseph Fouche
Napoleon's Diary	73	(2)
Visual Sources
Napoleon Crossing the Alps (photo)	75	(1)
Jacques Louis David
Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims in Jaffa (photo)	76	(1)
Antoine-Jean Gros
Secondary Sources
France Under Napoleon: Napoleon as Enlightened Despot	76	(1)
Louis Bergeron
Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution	77	(1)
Martyn Lyons
Women and the Napoleonic Code	78	(4)
Bonnie G. Smith
Industrialization and Social Change
Primary Sources
Testimony for the Factory Act of 1833: Working Conditions in England	82	(1)
Sybil, or the Two Nations: Mining Towns	83	(1)
Benjamin Disraeli
The Condition of the Working Class in England	84	(1)
Friedrich Engels
Self-Help: Middle-Class Attitudes	85	(1)
Samuel Smiles
Father Goriot: Money and the Middle Class	86	(1)
Honore de Balzac
Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character	87	(1)
Elizabeth Poole Sandford
Women and the Working Class	88	(1)
Flora Tristan
Visual Sources
Gare Saint Lazare (photo)	89	(1)
Claude Monet
Iron and Coal (photo)	89	(2)
William Bell Scott
Illustration from Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong (photo)	91	(1)
Industrialization and Demographic Change (maps)	91	(1)
Secondary Sources
The Making of Economic Society: England, the First to Industrialize	92	(1)
Robert L. Heilbroner
Early Industrial Society: Progress or Decline?	93	(1)
Peter Stearns
Herrick Chapman
The Family and Industrialization in Western Europe	94	(4)
Michael Anderson
Reaction, Reform, Revolution, and Romanticism: 1815-1848
Primary Sources
Secret Memorandum to Tsar Alexander I, 1820: Conservative Principles	98	(1)
Prince Klemens von Metternich
The Carlsbad Decrees, 1819: Conservative Repression	99	(1)
English Liberalism	100	(2)
Jeremy Bentham
The Economist, 1851, Liberalism: Progress and Optimism	102	(1)
The First Chartist Petition: Demands for Change in England	102	(1)
Annual Register, 1848, An Eyewitness Account of the Revolutions of 1848 in Germany	103	(1)
The Tables Turned: The Glories of Nature	104	(1)
William Wordsworth
Visual Sources
Abbey Graveyard in the Snow (photo)	104	(1)
Caspar David Friedrich
The Genius of Christianity (text)	105	(1)
Rene de Chateaubriand
Liberty Leading the People: Romanticism and Liberalism (photo)	106	(1)
Eugene Delacroix
Working Class Disappointments: Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834 (photo)	107	(1)
Honore Daumier
Secondary Sources
The Congress of Vienna	108	(1)
Hajo Holborn
Western Liberalism	108	(1)
E. K. Bramsted
K. J. Melluish
The European Revolutions, 1848-1851	108	(2)
Jonathan Sperber
The Revolutions of 1848	110	(2)
John Weiss
The National State, Nationalism, and Imperialism: 1850-1914
Primary Sources
Speeches on Pragmatism and State Socialism	112	(2)
Otto von Bismarck
The Duties of Man	114	(1)
Giuseppe Mazzini
Militant Nationalism	115	(1)
Heinrich von Treitschke
Does Germany Need Colonies?	116	(1)
Friedrich Fabri
The White Man's Burden	117	(1)
Rudyard Kipling
Royal Niger Company, Controlling Africa: The Standard Treaty	118	(1)
Visual Sources
Imperialism Glorified (photo)	118	(2)
George Harcourt
American Imperialism in Asia: Independence Day 1899 (photo)	120	(1)
Imperialism in Africa (maps)	121	(2)
Secondary Sources
A Sterner Plan for Italian Unity: Nationalism, Liberalism, and Conservatism	123	(1)
Raymond Grew
German Unification	124	(1)
David Blackbourn
The Age of Empire	124	(1)
Eric J. Hobsbawn
Imperialism as a Nationalistic Phenomenon	125	(1)
Carlton J. H. Hayes
The Tools of Empire	126	(1)
Daniel R. Headrick
Gender and Empire	126	(4)
Margaret Strobel
Culture, Thought, and Society: 1850-1914
Primary Sources
The Origin of Species and the Descent of Man	130	(1)
Charles Darwin
Social Statics: Liberalism and Social Darwinism	131	(1)
Herbert Spencer
On Liberty	131	(2)
John Stuart Mill
Women as Chemists [Pharmacists]	133	(1)
Our Sisters
The Communist Manifesto	133	(2)
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Socialist Women: Becoming a Socialist	135	(1)
Anna Maier
Why We Are Militant	136	(1)
Emmeline Pankhurst
Syllabus of Errors	136	(1)
Pope Pius IX
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century: Racism	137	(1)
Houston Stewart Chamberlain
Judaism in Music: Anti-Semitism	138	(1)
Richard Wagner
Visual Sources
The Hatch Family: The Upper Middle Class (photo)	138	(1)
Eastman Johnson
The Ages of Woman (illustration)	139	(1)
Lunch Hour: The Working Class (photo)	139	(1)
Kathe Kollwitz
The Stages of a Worker's Life (photo)	140	(1)
Leon Frederick
Secondary Sources
The Decline of Political Liberalism	141	(1)
F. H. Hinsley
The Unfinished Revolution: Marxism Interpreted	141	(1)
Adam B. Ulam
European Women	142	(6)
Eleanor S. Riemer
John C. Fout
Part Six 1914 to the Present
War and Revolution: 1914-1920
Primary Sources
Reports from the Front: The Battle for Verdun, 1916	148	(1)
Dulce et Decorum Est: Disillusionment	148	(1)
Wilfred Owen
The Home Front	149	(1)
Evelyn Blucher
Program of the Provisional Government in Russia	150	(1)
April Theses: The Bolshevik Opposition	150	(1)
V. I. Lenin
Speech to the Petrograd Soviet---November 8, 1917: The Bolsheviks in Power	151	(1)
V. I. Lenin
The Fourteen Points	152	(1)
Woodrow Wilson
Visual Sources
World War I: The Front Lines (photo)	153	(1)
World War II: The Home Front and Women (photo and charts)	154	(1)
Revolutionary Propaganda (photo)	155	(1)
Secondary Sources
The Origins of World War I: Militant Patriotism	156	(1)
Roland N. Stromberg
Germany and the Coming of War	156	(1)
Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann
The Revolution in War and Diplomacy	157	(1)
Gordon A. Craig
Women, Work, and World War I	158	(1)
Bonnie S. Anderson
Judith P. Zinsse
Peace and Diplomacy	158	(1)
Arthur Walworth
The Russian Revolution	159	(3)
Robert Service
Democracy, Depression, and Instability: The 1920s and 1930s
Primary Sources
The Road Back	162	(1)
Erich Maria Remarque
Restless Days	162	(1)
Lilo Linke
With Germany's Unemployed	163	(1)
Heinrich Hauser
Program of the Popular Front---January 11, 1936	164	(1)
Jose Ortega y Gasset, The Revolt of the Masses	165	(1)
Civilization and Its Discontents	165	(2)
Sigmund Freud
Visual Sources
Decadence in the Weimar Republic (photo)	167	(1)
George Grosz
Unemployment and Politics in the Weimar Republic (charts)	167	(1)
Unemployment During the Great Depression, 1930-1938 (chart)	168	(1)
Unemployment and the Appeal to Women (photo)	169	(1)
Secondary Sources
The Generation of 1914: Disillusionment	169	(1)
Robert Wohl
Government and the Governed: The Interwar Years	170	(1)
R. H. S. Crossman
The Great Depression in Europe	171	(3)
James M. Laux
Communism, Fascism, and Authoritarianism
Primary Sources
The Doctrine of Fascism	174	(1)
Benito Mussolini
Mein Kampf	175	(2)
Adolf Hitler
Nazi Propaganda Pamphlet	177	(1)
Joseph Goebbels
The German Woman and National Socialism [Nazism]	178	(1)
Guida Diehl
The Theory and Practice of Hell: The Nazi Elite	178	(1)
Eugene Kogon
The Informed Heart: Nazi Concentration Camps	179	(1)
Bruno Bettelheim
Witness to the Holocaust	180	(1)
Fred Baron
Problems of Agrarian Policy in the U.S.S.R.: Soviet Collectivization	181	(1)
Joseph Stalin
Report to the Congress of Soviets, 1936: Soviet Democracy	182	(1)
Joseph Stalin
Visual Sources
Nazi Mythology (photo)	183	(1)
Richard Spitz
Socialist Realism (photo)	184	(1)
K. I. Finogenov
Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism, 1919-1937 (map)	184	(1)
Secondary Sources
Fascism in Western Europe	185	(1)
H. R. Kedward
The Rise of Fascism	186	(1)
F. L. Carsten
Hitler and Nazism	187	(1)
Klaus P. Fischer
Hitler's Willing Executioners	188	(1)
Daniel J. Goldhagen
Dictatorship in Russia: Stalin's Purges	189	(3)
Stephen J. Lee
World War II and the Postwar World
Primary Sources
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan	192	(1)
The Cold War: A Soviet Perspective	193	(1)
B. N. Ponomaryov
The Berlin Wall	194	(1)
Jens Reich
British Labor's Rise to Power	195	(1)
Harry W. Laidler
The General Assembly of the United Nations, Declaration Against Colonialism	196	(1)
The Balfour Declaration, U.N. Resolution 242, and A Palestinian Memoir: Israel, Palestine, and the Middle East	197	(1)
The Second Sex	198	(1)
Simone de Beauvoir
Redstockings, A Feminist Manifesto	198	(3)
Visual Sources
The Destruction of Europe (map)	201	(1)
The Cold War and European Integration (map)	201	(2)
Decolonization in Asia and Africa (map)	203	(1)
Televised Violence (photo)	204	(1)
Number 1 (photo and text)	204	(1)
Jackson Pollock
Secondary Sources
Appeasement at Munich Attacked	205	(1)
George F. Kennan
The Origins of the Second World War: Appeasement Defended	206	(1)
A. J. P. Taylor
A World at Arms	206	(2)
Gerhard L. Weinberg
Origins of the Cold War	208	(1)
James L. Gormly
The Positive Role of the United Nations in a Split World	208	(1)
Dag Hammarskjold
The Wretched of the Earth	209	(2)
Frantz Fanon
The Present in Perspective
Primary Sources
The Short Century---It's Over	211	(1)
John Lukacs
The End of the Cold War	212	(1)
Raymond L. Garthoff
After Communism: Causes for the Collapse	213	(2)
Robert Heilbroner
The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe	215	(1)
Carol Skalnik Leff
War in Bosnia and Ethnic Cleansing	215	(1)
Robert J. Donia
Modernization: The Western and Non-Western Worlds (photo)	216	(1)
Terrorism and the Clash of Civilizations	216	(2)
Samuel P. Huntington
The Future after 9-11-01	218	(2)
Niall Ferguson
Globalization	220	(1)
Thomas L. Friedman
Ecological Threats	221
J. R. McNeill