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Rand H. Morimoto, Ph.D., MVP, MCITP, CISSP , has been in the computer industry for over 30 years and has authored, coauthored, or been a contributing writer for dozens of books on Windows, Security, Exchange, BizTalk, and Remote and Mobile Computing. Rand is the president of Convergent Computing, an IT-consulting firm in the San Francisco Bay area that has been one of the key early adopter program partners with Microsoft, implementing beta versions of Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 7, Exchange Server 2010, and SharePoint 2010 in production environments over 18 months before the initial product releases.
Michael Noel, MCITP, CISSP, MVP , is an internationally recognized technology expert, best-selling author, and well-known public speaker on a broad range of IT topics. He authored multiple major industry books that have been translated into more than a dozen languages worldwide. Significant titles include SharePoint 2010 Unleashed, Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Unleashed, SharePoint 2007 Unleashed, Exchange Server 2007 Unleashed, ISA Server 2006 Unleashed, and many more. Currently a partner at Convergent Computing (www.cco.com) in the San Francisco Bay area, Michael’s writing and extensive public speaking experience across six continents leverage his real-world expertise in helping organizations realize business value from Information Technology infrastructure.
Omar Droubi, MCSE , has been in the computer industry since 1992 and during this time has coauthored several of Sams Publishing best-selling books, including Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Unleashed and Windows Server 2008 Unleashed, and Omar has been a contributing writer and technical reviewer on several other books on Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, and Exchange Server 2000, 2003, and 2007. Omar has been involved in testing, designing, and prototyping Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 infrastructures for the past four years, and has primarily focused on upgrading existing networks and utilizing many of the new roles and features included in the product. Also during this time, Omar has assisted several organizations with the development of technical road maps, planning and executing domain and server consolidation and virtualization projects, and deploying Exchange Server 2007 for organizations of all sizes.
Ross Mistry, MVP, MCITP , is a principal consultant and partner at Convergent Computing, an author, and a Microsoft MVP. With over a decade of experience, Ross focuses on designing and implementing Windows, Active Directory, Hyper-V, Exchange Server, and SQL Server solutions for Fortune 500 organizations located in the Silicon Valley. His specialties include upgrades, migrations, high availability, security, and virtualization. Ross has also taken on the roles of lead author, contributing writer, and technical editor for many best-selling books published by Sams. His recent works include SQL Server 2008 Management and Administration, Exchange Server 2010 Unleashed, and Windows Server 2008 Unleashed. Ross writes technical articles for many sites including TechTarget.com and frequently speaks at international conferences around the world.
Chris Amaris, MCSE, CISSP/ISSAP, CHS III , is the chief technology officer and cofounder of Convergent Computing. He has more than 20 years experience consulting for Fortune 500 companies, leading companies in the technology selection, design, planning, and implementation of complex Information Technology projects. Chris has worked with Microsoft Windows since version 1.0 in 1985. He specializes in messaging, security, performance tuning, systems management, and migration. A Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) with an Information System Security Architecture Professional (ISSAP) concentration, Certified Homeland Security (CHS III), Windows 2003 MCSE, Novell CNE, Banyan CBE, and a Certified Project Manager, Chris is also an author, writer, and technical editor for a number of IT books, including Network Security for Government and Corporate Executives, Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Unleashed, and Microsoft Operations Manager 2005 Unleashed. Chris presents on messaging, operations management, security, and Information Technology topics worldwide.
Introduction 1
Part I Windows Server 2008 R2 Overview
Chapter 1 Windows Server 2008 R2 Technology Primer 5
Windows Server 2008 R2 Defined 5
When Is the Right Time to Migrate? 10
Versions of Windows Server 2008 R2 12
What’s New and What’s the Same About Windows Server 2008 R2? 16
Changes in Active Directory 20
Windows Server 2008 R2 Benefits for Administration 22
Improvements in Security in Windows Server 2008 R2 26
Improvements in Mobile Computing in Windows Server 2008 R2 28
Improvements in Windows Server 2008 R2 for Better Branch Office Support 30
Improvements for Thin Client Remote Desktop Services 33
Improvements in Clustering and Storage Area Network Support 37
Addition of Migration Tools 38
Improvements in Server Roles in Windows Server 2008 R2 40
Identifying Which Windows Server 2008 R2 Service to Install or Migrate to First 43
Summary 46
Best Practices 47
Chapter 2 Planning, Prototyping, Migrating, and Deploying Windows Server 2008 R2 Best Practices 49
Determining the Scope of Your Project 50
Identifying the Business Goals and Objectives to Implement Windows Server 2008 R2 50
Identifying the Technical Goals and Objectives to Implement Windows Server 2008 R2 53
The Discovery Phase: Understanding the Existing Environment 59
The Design Phase: Documenting the Vision and the Plan 3
The Migration Planning Phase: Documenting the Process for Migration 67
The Prototype Phase: Creating and Testing the Plan 73
The Pilot Phase: Validating the Plan to a Limited Number of Users 75
The Migration/Implementation Phase: Conducting the Migration or Installation 78
Summary 79
Best Practices 80
Chapter 3 Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 and Server Core 83
Preplanning and Preparing a Server Installation .83
Installing a Clean Version of Windows Server 2008 R2 Operating System 89
Upgrading to Windows Server 2008 R2 98
Understanding Server Core Installation 103
Managing and Configuring a Server Core Installation 105
Performing an Unattended Windows Server 2008 R2 Installation 111
Summary 111
Best Practices 112
Part II Windows Server 2008 R2 Active Directory
Chapter 4 Active Directory Domain Services Primer 113
Examining the Evolution of Directory Services .114
Understanding the Development of AD DS 115
Examining AD DS’s Structure 116
Outlining AD DS’s Components 119
Understanding Domain Trusts 124
Defining Organizational Units 126
Outlining the Role of Groups in an AD DS Environment 127
Explaining AD DS Replication 129
Outlining the Role of DNS in AD DS 131
Outlining AD DS Security 133
Outlining AD DS Changes in Windows Server 2008 R2 134
Summary 146
Best Practices 146
Chapter 5 Designing a Windows Server 2008 R2 Active Directory 149
Understanding AD DS Domain Design 149
Choosing a Domain Namespace 151
Examining Domain Design Features 153
Choosing a Domain Structure 154
Understanding the Single Domain Model 155
Understanding the Multiple Domain Model 157
Understanding the Multiple Trees in a Single Forest Model 160
Understanding the Federated Forests Design Model 162
Understanding the Empty-Root Domain Model 165
Understanding the Placeholder Domain Model 167
Understanding the Special-Purpose Domain Design Model 169
Renaming an AD DS Domain 170
Summary 173
Best Practices 173
Chapter 6 Designing Organizational Unit and Group Structure 175
Defining Organizational Units in AD DS 176
Defining AD Groups 178
Examining OU and Group Design 182
Starting an OU Design 182
Using OUs to Delegate Administration 184
Group Policies and OU Design 186
Understanding Group Design 186
Exploring Sample Design Models 188
Summary 193
Best Practices 193
Chapter 7 Active Directory Infrastructure 195
Understanding AD DS Replication in Depth 195
Understanding Active Directory Sites 200
Planning Replication Topology 207
Outlining Windows Server 2008 R2 IPv6 Support 213
Detailing Real-World Replication Designs 216
Deploying Read-Only Domain Controllers (RODCs) 220
Summary 224
Best Practices 225
Chapter 8 Creating Federated Forests and Lightweight Directories 227
Keeping a Distributed Environment in Sync 227
Active Directory Federation Services 232
Synchronizing Directory Information with Forefront Identity Manager (FIM) 236
Harnessing the Power and Potential of FIM 240
Summary 243
Best Practices 243
Chapter 9 Integrating Active Directory in a UNIX Environment 245
Understanding and Using Windows Server 2008 R2 UNIX Integration Components 245
Reviewing the Subsystem for UNIX-Based Applications (SUA) 252
Understanding the Identity Management for UNIX Components 253
Administrative Improvements with Windows Server 2008 R2 256
Summary 258
Best Practices 258
Part III Networking Services
Chapter 10 Domain Name System and IPv6 259
Understanding the Need for DNS 260
Getting Started with DNS on Windows Server 2008 R2 263
Resource Records 266
Understanding DNS Zones 270
Performing Zone Transfers 274
Understanding DNS Queries 276
Other DNS Components 278
Understanding the Evolution of Microsoft DNS 285
DNS in Windows Server 2008 R2 286
DNS in an Active Directory Domain Services Environment 288
Troubleshooting DNS 292
IPv6 Introduction 297
How to Configure IPv6 on Windows Server 2008 R2 311
Secure DNS with DNSSEC 316
Summary 323
Best Practices 323
Chapter 11 DHCP/WINS/Domain Controllers 325
Understanding the Key Components of an Enterprise Network 326
Exploring the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 328
Exploring DHCP Changes in Windows Server 2008 R2 336
Enhancing DHCP Reliability .345
Implementing Redundant DHCP Services 350
Exploring Advanced DHCP Concepts 358
Securing DHCP 359
Reviewing the Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) 361
Installing and Configuring WINS 364
Planning, Migrating, and Maintaining WINS 368
Exploring Global Catalog Domain Controller Placement 370
Summary 374
Best Practices 374
Chapter 12 Internet Information Services 377
Understanding Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.5 377
Planning and Designing Internet Information Services 7.5 382
Installing and Upgrading IIS 7.5 383
Installing and Configuring Websites 389
Installing and Configuring FTP Services 397
Securing Internet Information Services 7.5 407
Summary 416
Best Practices 417
Part IV Security
Chapter 13 Server-Level Security 419
Defining Windows Server 2008 R2 Security 419
Deploying Physical Security 420
Using the Integrated Windows Firewall with Advanced Security 424
Hardening Server Security 427
Examining File-Level Security 429
Additional Security Mechanisms 433
Using Windows Server Update Services 434
Summary 440
Best Practices 440
Chapter 14 Transport-Level Security 441
Introduction to Transport-Level Security in Windows Server 2008 R2 442
Deploying a Public Key Infrastructure with Windows Server 2008 R2 443
Understanding Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) in Windows Server 2008 R2 444
Active Directory Rights Management Services 451
Using IPSec Encryption with Windows Server 2008 R2 454
Summary 456
Best Practices 456
Chapter 15 Security Policies, Network Policy Server, and Network Access Protection 459
Understanding Network Access Protection (NAP) in Windows Server 2008 R2 459
Deploying a Windows Server 2008 R2 Network Policy Server 462
Enforcing Policy Settings with a Network Policy Server 465
Deploying and Enforcing a Virtual Private Network (VPN) Using an RRAS Server 473
Summary 480
Best Practices 481
Part V Migrating to Windows Server 2008 R2
Chapter 16 Migrating from Windows Server 2003/2008 to Windows Server 2008 R2 483
Beginning the Migration Process 484
Big Bang Migration 487
Phased Migration 491
Multiple Domain Consolidation Migration 505
Summary 522
Best Practices 523
Chapter 17 Compatibility Testing 525
The Importance of Compatibility Testing 526
Preparing for Compatibility Testing 527
Researching Products and Applications 534
Verifying Compatibility with Vendors 537
Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit 542
Lab-Testing Existing Applications 543
Documenting the Results of the Compatibility Testing 546
Determining Whether a Prototype Phase Is Required 546
Summary 547
Best Practices 548
Part VI Windows Server 2008 R2 Administration and Management
Chapter 18 Windows Server 2008 R2 Administration 549
Defining the Administrative Model 550
Examining Active Directory Site Administration 551
Configuring Sites 554
Examining Windows Server 2008 R2 Active Directory Groups 562
Creating Groups 564
Managing Users with Local Security and Group Policies 568
Managing Printers with the Print Management Console 576
Summary 582
Best Practices 583
Chapter 19 Windows Server 2008 R2 Group Policies and Policy Management 585
Group Policy Overview 585
Group Policy Processing--How Does It Work? 586
Local Group Policies 588
Security Templates 590
Elements of Group Policy 591
Group Policy Administrative Templates Explained 603
Policy Management Tools 607
Designing a Group Policy Infrastructure 616
GPO Administrative Tasks 619
Summary 637
Best Practices 637
Chapter 20 Windows Server 2008 R2 Management and Maintenance Practices 639
Going Green with Windows Server 2008 R2 640
Initial Configuration Tasks 641
Managing Windows Server 2008 R2 Roles and Features 643
Server Manager 647
Server Manager Diagnostics Page 652
Server Manager Configuration Page 657
Server Manager Storage Page 661
Auditing the Environment 665
Managing Windows Server 2008 R2 Remotely 674
Using Common Practices for Securing and Managing Windows Server 2008 R2 679
Keeping Up with Service Packs and Updates 681
Maintaining Windows Server 2008 R2 685
Summary 696
Best Practices 696
Chapter 21 Automating Tasks Using PowerShell Scripting 699
Understanding Shells 700
Introduction to PowerShell 702
Understanding the PowerShell Basics 705
Using Windows PowerShell 732
Summary 762
Best Practices 762
Chapter 22 Documenting a Windows Server 2008 R2 Environment 763
Benefits of Documentation 764
Types of Documents 765
Planning to Document the Windows Server 2008 R2 Environment 766
Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Management 766
Windows Server 2008 R2 Project Documents 767
Administration and Maintenance Documents 780
Network Infrastructure 784
Disaster Recovery Documentation 785
Change Management Procedures 788
Performance Documentation 788
Baselining Records for Documentation Comparisons 789
Routine Reporting 789
Security Documentation 790
Summary 791
Best Practices 791
Chapter 23 Integrating System Center Operations Manager 2007 R2 with Windows Server 2008 R2 793
Windows Server 2008 R2 Monitoring 794
What’s New in OpsMgr R2 796
Explaining How OpsMgr Works 796
Outlining OpsMgr Architecture 798
Understanding How to Use OpsMgr 802
Understanding OpsMgr Component Requirements 805
Understanding Advanced OpsMgr Concepts 807
Securing OpsMgr 811
Installing Operations Manager 2007 R2 814
Configuring Operations Manager 2007 R2 822
Monitoring DMZ Servers with Certificates 831
Using Operations Manager 2007 R2 837
Summary 846
Best Practices 846
Part VII Remote and Mobile Technologies
Chapter 24 Server-to-Client Remote Access and DirectAccess 849
VPN in Windows Server 2008 R2 850
Authentication Options to an RRAS System 856
VPN Protocols 858
DirectAccess in Windows Server 2008 R2 863
Choosing Between Traditional VPN Technologies and DirectAccess 873
Traditional VPN Scenario 876
DirectAccess Scenario 898
Connection Manager .916
Summary 919
Best Practices 919
Chapter 25 Remote Desktop Services 921
Why Implement Remote Desktop Services 922
How Remote Desktop Works 925
Understanding the Name Change 928
Understanding Remote Desktop Services 928
Planning for Remote Desktop Services 947
Deploying Remote Desktop Services 953
Securing Remote Desktop Services 979
Supporting Remote Desktop Services 981
Summary 984
Best Practices 985
Part VIII Desktop Administration
Chapter 26 Windows Server 2008 R2 Administration Tools for Desktops 987
Managing Desktops and Servers 988
Operating System Deployment Options 989
Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Deployment Services 991
Installing Windows Deployment Services (WDS) 994
Creating Discover Images 1005
Creating Custom Installations Using Capture Images 1016
General Desktop Administration Tasks 1020
Summary 1021
Best Practices 1021
Chapter 27 Group Policy Management for Network Clients 1023
The Need for Group Policies 1024
Windows Group Policies 1025
Group Policy Feature Set 1028
Planning Workgroup and Standalone Local Group Policy Configuration 1033
Planning Domain Group Policy Objects 1036
Managing Computers with Domain Policies 1045
Managing Users with Policies 1070
Managing Active Directory with Policies 1076
Summary 1095
Best Practices 1096
Part IX Fault-Tolerance Technologies
Chapter 28 File System Management and Fault Tolerance 1097
Windows Server 2008 R2 File System Overview/Technologies 1097
File System Access Services and Technologies 1102
Windows Server 2008 R2 Disks 1105
Utilizing External Disk Subsystems 1109
Managing Windows Server 2008 R2 Disks 1109
System File Reliability 1118
Adding the File Services Role 1120
Managing Data Access Using Windows Server 2008 R2 Shares 1122
Volume-Based NTFS Quota Management 1128
File Server Resource Manager (FSRM) 1130
The Distributed File System 1147
Planning a DFS Deployment 1152
Installing DFS 1155
Managing and Troubleshooting DFS 1163
Backing Up DFS 1166
Using the Volume Shadow Copy Service 1167
Summary 1170
Best Practices 1170
Chapter 29 System-Level Fault Tolerance (Clustering/Network Load Balancing) 1173
Building Fault-Tolerant Windows Server 2008 R2 Systems 1174
Windows Server 2008 R2 Clustering Technologies 1177
Determining the Correct Clustering Technology 1182
Overview of Failover Clusters 1184
Deploying Failover Clusters 1191
Backing Up and Restoring Failover Clusters 1211
Deploying Network Load Balancing Clusters 1215
Managing NLB Clusters 1223
Summary 1225
Best Practices 1225
Chapter 30 Backing Up the Windows Server 2008 R2 Environment 1227
Understanding Your Backup and Recovery Needs and Options .1228
Creating the Disaster Recovery Solution 1232
Documenting the Enterprise 1234
Developing a Backup Strategy 1234
Windows Server Backup Overview 1235
Using Windows Server Backup 1239
Managing Backups Using the Command-Line Utility wbadmin.exe and PowerShell Cmdlets 1246
Backing Up Windows Server 2008 R2 Role Services 1248
Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) 1262
Windows Server 2008 R2 Startup Options 1264
Summary 1265
Best Practices 1265
Chapter 31 Recovering from a Disaster 1267
Ongoing Backup and Recovery Preparedness 1267
When Disasters Strike 1271
Disaster Scenario Troubleshooting 1274
Recovering from a Server or System Failure 1277
Managing and Accessing Windows Server Backup Media 1285
Windows Server Backup Volume Recovery 1287
Recovering Role Services and Features 1291
Summary 1302
Best Practices 1302
Part X Optimizing, Tuning, Debugging, and Problem Solving
Chapter 32 Optimizing Windows Server 2008 R2 for Branch Office Communications 1305
Understanding Read-Only Domain Controllers (RODCs) 1306
Installing a Read-Only Domain Controller 1310
Understanding BitLocker Drive Encryption 1323
Configuring BitLocker Drive Encryption on a Windows Server 2008 R2 Branch Office Domain Controller 1326
Understanding and Deploying BranchCache 1333
Enhancing Replication and WAN Utilization at the Branch Office 1339
Summary 1342
Best Practices 1342
Chapter 33 Logging and Debugging 1345
Using the Task Manager for Logging and Debugging 1345
Using Event Viewer for Logging and Debugging 1350
Performance and Reliability Monitoring 1359
Setting Baseline Values 1369
Using the Debugging Tools Available in Windows Server 2008 R2 1371
Task Scheduler 1382
Summary 1388
Best Practices 1389
Chapter 34 Capacity Analysis and Performance Optimization 1391
Defining Capacity Analysis 1391
Using Capacity-Analysis Tools 1395
Monitoring System Performance 1415
Optimizing Performance by Server Roles 1423
Summary 1430
Best Practices 1430
Part XI Integrated Windows Application Services
Chapter 35 Windows SharePoint Services 1433
Understanding the History of SharePoint Technologies 1434
What Are the Differences Between Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 and SharePoint Server 2007? 1436
Identifying the Need for Windows SharePoint Services 1439
Installing Windows SharePoint Services 1440
Lists and Libraries in Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 1453
Integrating Office 2007 Applications with Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 1469
Managing the Site Collection 1475
Summary 1479
Best Practices 1481
Chapter 36 Windows Media Services 1483
Understanding Windows Media Services 1484
Installing Windows Media Services 1489
Using Windows Media Services for Real-Time Live Broadcasts 1492
Broadcasting Stored Single Files 1495
Hosting a Directory of Videos for On-Demand Playback 1498
Combining Multiple Files for a Combined Single Broadcast 1501
Understanding Windows Media Encoder 1504
Broadcasting a Live Event 1506
Capturing Audio or Video for Future Playback 1508
Using Other Windows Media Encoder Options 1510
Summary 1512
Best Practices 1512
Chapter 37 Deploying and Using Windows Virtualization 1515
Understanding Microsoft’s Virtualization Strategy 1515
Integration of Hypervisor Technology in Windows Server 2008 1517
Planning Your Implementation of Hyper-V 1519
Installation of the Microsoft Hyper-V Role 1522
Becoming Familiar with the Hyper-V Administrative Console 1524
Installing a Guest Operating System Session 1529
Modifying Guest Session Configuration Settings 1533
Launching a Hyper-V Guest Session 1535
Using Snapshots of Guest Operating System Sessions 1538
Quick Migration and Live Migration 1540
Summary 1550
Best Practices 1551
Index 1553
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