Work Systems The Methods, Measurement & Management of Work

by Groover, Mikell P.

• ISBN13: 9780131406506
• ISBN10: 0131406507
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-03-28
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Divided into two major areas of discussion work systems, and work methods, measurement, and management this guide provides up-to-date, quantitative coverage of work systems and how work is analyzed and designed.Includes 30 chapters organized into six parts: Work Systems and How They Work; Methods Engineering and Layout Planning; Time Study and Work Measurement; New Approaches in Process Improvement and Work Management; Ergonomics and Human Factors in the Workplace, and Traditional Topics in Work Management. Addresses the "systems" by which work is accomplished, such as worker-machine systems, manufacturing cells, assembly lines, projects, and office work pools. Summarizes many aspects of work systems, operations analysis, and work measurement using mathematical equations and quantitative examples.For professionals in the area of industrial engineering.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
About the Author	xiv
Introduction	1	(24)
The Nature of Work	7	(3)
Defining Work Systems	10	(2)
Types of Occupations	12	(3)
Productivity	15	(4)
Organization of the Book	19	(6)
Part I Work Systems and How They Work	25	(180)
Manual Work and Worker-Machine Systems	27	(32)
Manual Work Systems	29	(8)
Worker--Machine Systems	37	(8)
Automated Work Systems	45	(1)
Determining Worker and Machine Requirements	46	(5)
Machine Clusters	51	(8)
Work Flow and Batch Processing	59	(26)
Sequential Operations and Work Flow	60	(4)
Batch Processing	64	(5)
Defects in Sequential Operations and Batch Processing	69	(2)
Work Cells and Worker Teams	71	(14)
Manual Assembly Lines	85	(28)
Fundamentals of Manual Assembly Lines	86	(5)
Analysis of Single Model Assembly Lines	91	(9)
Line Balancing Algorithms	100	(6)
Other Considerations in Assembly Line Design	106	(1)
Alternative Assembly Systems	107	(6)
Logistics Operations	113	(40)
Introduction to Logistics	114	(6)
Transportation Operations	120	(6)
Material Handling	126	(14)
Quantitative Analysis of Material-Handling Operations	140	(13)
Service Operations and Office Work	153
Service Operations	153	(9)
Office Work	162
Projects and Project Management	133	(72)
Projects	174	(3)
Project Management	177	(2)
Project Scheduling Techniques	179	(13)
Project Crashing	192	(3)
Software for Projects	195	(10)
Part II Methods Engineering and Layout Planning	205	(112)
Introduction to Methods Engineering and Operations Analysis	207	(25)
Evolution and Scope of Methods Engineering	209	(1)
How to Apply Methods Engineering	210	(6)
Basic Data Collection and Analysis Techniques	216	(9)
Methods Engineering and Automation	225	(7)
Charting and Diagramming Techniques for Operations Analysis	232	(27)
Overview of Charting and Diagramming Techniques	233	(1)
Network Diagrams	234	(1)
Traditional Industrial Engineering Charting and Diagramming Techniques	235	(11)
Block Diagrams and Process Maps	246	(13)
Motion Study and Work Design	259	(11)
Basic Motion Elements and Work Analysis	260	(3)
Principles of Motion Economy and Work Design	263	(7)
Facility Layout Planning and Design	270	(47)
Types of Production Plant Layouts	279	(7)
Other Types of Layouts	286	(3)
Systematic Layout Planning	289	(28)
Part III Time Study and Work Measurement	317	(194)
Introduction to Work Measurement	319	(23)
Time Standards and How They Are Determined	320	(6)
Prerequisites for Valid Time Standards	326	(5)
Allowances in Time Standards	331	(4)
Accuracy, Precision, and Application Speed Ratio in Work Measurement	335	(7)
Direct Time Study	342	(26)
Direct Time Study Procedure	343	(8)
Number of Work Cycles to be Timed	351	(2)
Performance Rating	353	(3)
Time Study Equipment	356	(12)
Predetermined Motion Time Systems	368	(27)
Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems	370	(3)
Methods-Time Measurement (MTM)	373	(9)
Maynard Operation Sequence Technique (MOST)	382	(13)
Standard Data Systems	395	(27)
Using a Standard Data System	397	(4)
Developing a Standard Data System	401	(1)
Work Element Classification in Standard Data Systems	402	(4)
Analysis of Machine-Controlled Element Times	406	(7)
SDS Advantages and Disadvantages	413	(9)
Work Sampling	422	(21)
How Work Sampling Works	424	(1)
Statistical Basis of Work Sampling	425	(6)
Application Issues in Work Sampling	431	(12)
Computerized Work Measurement and Standards Maintenance	443	(16)
Computer Systems for Direct Time Study and Work Sampling	444	(6)
Computerized Systems Based on Predetermined Motion Times and Standard Data	450	(3)
Work Measurement Based on Expert Systems	453	(2)
Maintenance of Time Standards	455	(4)
The Economics and Applications of Time Standards	459	(24)
Economic Justification of Work Measurement	460	(9)
Applications of Time Standards and Time Study	469	(14)
Learning Curves	483	(28)
Learning Curve Theory	484	(9)
Why the Learning Curve Occurs	493	(2)
Determining the Learning Rate	495	(2)
Factors Affecting the Learning Curve	497	(7)
Learning Curve Applications	504	(1)
Time Standards Versus the Learning Curve	504	(7)
Part IV New Approaches in Process Improvement and Work Management	511	(52)
Lean Production	513	(27)
Elimination of Waste	516	(2)
Just-in-Time Production	518	(8)
Autonomation	526	(5)
Worker Involvement	531	(9)
Six Sigma and Other Quality Programs	540	(23)
Overview and Statistical Basis of Six Sigma	541	(4)
The Six Sigma DMAIC Procedure	545	(9)
Other Quality Programs	554	(9)
Appendix 21A: Sigma Levels, Defects per Million, Fraction Defect Rate, and Yield in Six Sigma	556	(7)
Part V Ergonomics and Human Factors in the Workplace	563	(122)
Introduction to Ergonomics and Human Factors	565	(15)
Overview of Ergonomics	568	(3)
Human-Machine Systems	571	(4)
Topic Areas in Ergonomics	575	(5)
Physical Ergonomics: Work Physiology and Anthropometry	580	(29)
Human Physiology	581	(6)
Muscular Effort and Work Physiology	587	(11)
Anthropometry	598	(11)
Cognitive Ergonomics: The Human Sensory System and Information Processing	609	(36)
The Human Sensory System	610	(11)
Perception	621	(2)
Attention Resources	623	(3)
Memory	626	(3)
Response Selection and Execution	629	(4)
Common Cognitive Tasks	633	(6)
Design Guidelines for Cognitive Work	639	(6)
The Physical Work Environment	645	(23)
The Visual Environment and Lighting	645	(9)
The Auditory Environment and Noise	654	(6)
Climate Control in the Work Environment	660	(8)
Occupational Safety and Health	668	(17)
Industrial Accidents and Injuries	669	(7)
Occupational Disorders and Diseases	676	(1)
Occupational Safety Health Laws and Agencies	676	(4)
Safety and Health Performance Metrics	680	(5)
Part VI Traditional Topics in Work Management	685	(80)
Work Organization	687	(20)
Organization Principles	688	(7)
Organization Structures	695	(12)
Worker Motivation and the Social Organization at Work	707	(12)
Motivation and Job Satisfaction	707	(7)
The Social Organization at Work	714	(5)
Job Evaluation and Performance Appraisal	719	(16)
Job Evaluation	720	(12)
Performance Appraisal	732	(3)
Compensation Systems	735	(30)
Overview of Compensation Systems	736	(2)
Time-Based Pay Systems	738	(3)
Direct Wage Incentive Systems	741	(13)
Gain Sharing	754	(4)
Profit Sharing	758	(7)
Appendix: Statistical Tables	765	(2)
A1 Standard Normal Distribution	765	(1)
B1 Student t Distribution	766	(1)
Index	767