World History

by Upshur, Jiu-Hwa Lo; Terry, Janice J.; Holoka, James P.; Goff, Richard D.; Cassar, George H.

• ISBN13: 9780534587338
• ISBN10: 053458733X
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-07-31
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

As a global text, Upshur's WORLD HISTORY examines world civilizations in a comparative context. Students learn to recognize and analyze trends and interconnections across history and civilizations.

Table of Contents

Maps	xix
Preface	xxi
Reviewers	xxv
Introduction Paleolithic and Neolithic Cultures Around the World	1	(1)
Human Development in the Old Stone Age	2	(1)
The Neolithic Food-Producing Revolution in West Asia	3	(2)
Neolithic Times in Europe	5	(1)
Neolithic Times in Africa	5	(2)
Neolithic Times in Asia	7	(1)
Connections in Migration Migration in World History	8	(1)
Neolithic Times in the Western Hemisphere	8	(1)
Selected Sources	9	(4)
Internet Links	10	(1)
Comparative Essay 1 The Defining Characteristics of Civilization	11	(2)
Early Civilization in West Asia, Africa, the Aegean, and the Western Hemisphere	13	(32)
Mesopotamian Civilization	14	(6)
The Sumerian Exemplar of Civilized Life	15	(3)
Political and Cultural Developments of the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Chaldeans	18	(2)
African Civilization	20	(7)
The Land of the Nile and the Emergence of Egyptian Civilization	21	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Diverse Burial Customs	22	(1)
Discontinuities and the Rise and Decline of an Imperial Culture	23	(2)
The Kushite Kingdom in Upper Egypt and the Sudan	25	(2)
Early Aegean Civilization	27	(8)
The Flowering of Minoan Civilization	28	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Risking Death to Gain the Favor of the Gods	28	(2)
The Advent of the Indo-Europeans	30	(2)
Connections in Technology Animal Husbandry	32	(1)
The Rise and Fall of Mycenaean Warrior-Kings	32	(3)
Ancient Persian Civilization	35	(3)
The Rise of the Persian Empire	35	(2)
Persian Culture and Religon	37	(1)
Amerindian Civilization	38	(4)
The Opening of Andean Civilization: The Chavin Culture	39	(1)
The Advent of Mesoamerican Civilization: The Olmec	40	(2)
Summary and Comparisons	42	(1)
Selected Sources	43	(2)
Internet Links	44	(1)
The Early Civilizations of South and East Asia	45	(34)
The Indus Civilization	46	(6)
The Land of India	46	(2)
The Beginning of the Indus Civilization	48	(1)
An Urban Culture: Mohenjo-Daro	48	(1)
Society and Economy	49	(1)
Indus Religion	50	(1)
The End of Indus Civilization	50	(2)
The Aryan Invasion and Early Vedic Age	52	(3)
Early Vedic Society and Economy	53	(1)
Religion	54	(1)
The Appearance of Writing	55	(1)
The Late Vedic Age	55	(3)
Late Vedic Society and Economy	56	(1)
Religion	56	(2)
The Upanishads	58	(1)
China From the Neolithic Age to the Shang Dynasty	58	(9)
The Land of China	58	(1)
The Study of Ancient China	59	(1)
The Rise of the Shang Dynasty, 1766-1122 B.C.E.	60	(1)
Shang Government	61	(2)
Society and Economy during the Shang Era	63	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Royal Tombs in Bronze Age Greece and China	64	(1)
Science, Arts, and Crafts	64	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Feasting in Bronze Age Greece and China	65	(2)
A Pictographic Script	67	(1)
The Chou Dynasty	67	(7)
The Chou Conquest	68	(1)
Western Chou Society and Economy	69	(1)
Chou Religion	70	(1)
The Eastern Chou	71	(1)
Connections in Technology Rice Cultivation in East Asia	72	(1)
Eastern Chou Society and Economy	72	(2)
Summary and Comparisons	74	(1)
Selected Sources	75	(4)
Internet Links	75	(2)
Comparative Essay 2 Great Faiths and Philosophies	77	(2)
The Flowering of Great Faiths and Philosophies	79	(42)
Civilization in Palestine and Phoenicia	80	(4)
Israelite Political History	81	(1)
Judaism	82	(2)
The Phoenicians: Catalysts of Culture	84	(1)
Classical Greek Civilization	84	(14)
The Archaic Revival: New Patterns of Government	84	(3)
Athenian and Spartan Social and Political Patterns	87	(1)
The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars	88	(1)
Greek Intellectual History: From Myth to Philosophy	89	(2)
Connections in Culture Creation Myths and the Construction of Gender and Social Orders	91	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Big-Time Sports in Ancient Greece	93	(2)
The Greek Origins of European Literature	95	(2)
Greek Art and Architecture	97	(1)
The Rise of Buddhism and Jainism in India	98	(7)
The Life of Buddha	99	(1)
The Orthodox: Theravada Buddhism	100	(2)
Evolution of the Great Vehicle: Mahayana Buddhism	102	(1)
Jainism	103	(2)
China: Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism	105	(11)
The Idealist: Confucius and His Teachings	106	(1)
The Reformer: Mencius and the Confucian Consensus	107	(1)
The Mystic: Lao Tzu and Taoism	107	(2)
The Totalitarians: Legalism	109	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Military Innovations	111	(1)
The Three Ideologies Compared	111	(1)
The Brief Rise and Fall of the Ch'in	112	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Slavery and Volatile Social Status	113	(3)
Summary and Comparisons	116	(1)
Selected Sources	117	(4)
Internet Links	118	(1)
Comparative Essay 3 The Defining Characteristics of Great Empires	119	(2)
The Age of Great Empires	121	(52)
Macedonian Conquest and Hellenistic Empires	122	(8)
The Father: Philip	123	(1)
The Mother: Olympias	123	(1)
The Son: Alexander	124	(2)
A Sophisticated, Cosmopolitan Society and Economy	126	(1)
An Age of Scientific Advances	127	(1)
Escapism and Individualism in Hellenistic Culture	128	(2)
The Rise and Decline of Roman Power in the Mediterranean World	130	(14)
The Early Roman Republic	130	(3)
The Roman Conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean	133	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Women's Rights: A Test Case in Republican Rome?	134	(2)
The Breakdown of the Republic and the Rise of Augustus	136	(2)
Roman Cultural Developments	138	(3)
Politics, Society, and Economics in the Early Empire	141	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures ``The Going Rate'': Wages and Prices in the Roman Empire and China	143	(1)
Decay and Temporary Recovery in the Later Roman Empire	143	(1)
The Emergence and Disintegration of the Mauryan Empire	144	(11)
Persian and Greek Precursors	145	(1)
The Rise of Chandragupta Maurya	145	(1)
Emperor Asoka	146	(3)
Culture of the Asokan Age	149	(3)
Life under the Mauryans	152	(1)
Successor States to the Mauryan Empire	153	(1)
Kushan Culture: Buddhism in a Cosmopolitan Setting	153	(2)
China's First Imperial Age: The Han Dynasty	155	(12)
The Han Dynasty, 202 B.C.E.-220 C.E.	156	(3)
Han Government	159	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Mathematical Problems in the Ancient World	160	(1)
The Land and People	161	(1)
Cities, Manufacturing, and Commerce	162	(1)
The Silk Road: Link between East and West	163	(2)
Connections in Migration The Silk Road	165	(2)
Summary and Comparisons	167	(1)
Selected Sources	168	(5)
Internet Links	169	(1)
Comparative Essay 4 The Decline and Fall of Empires	170	(3)
Disruption and Renewal in West Asia and Europe	173	(50)
Political, Religious, and Social Unrest in Palestine: 63 B.C.E.-73 C.E.	174	(4)
Palestine under Roman Rule	175	(1)
Religious Ferment	176	(1)
A Noble Social Experiment: The Essenes	176	(2)
Early Christianity	178	(5)
The Origins of Christianity	178	(3)
The Triumph of Christianity	181	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Women and the Medical Professions in Late Antiquity	182	(1)
Upheaval and Transition in Western Europe	183	(12)
The Fall of the Roman Empire in the West	183	(2)
The Germanic States of Western Europe	185	(1)
The Triumph and Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire	186	(3)
Religious and Cultural Developments in Early Western Europe	189	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Food for Buddhist and Christian Monks	190	(1)
Europe under Siege: A New Wave of Invaders	191	(2)
Feudal Relationships	193	(1)
Connections in Migration Vikings	194	(1)
Europe in the Middle Ages	195	(11)
Economic and Social Changes in the Countryside	195	(1)
The Growth of Trade and the Development of Towns	196	(2)
The Theory and Practice of Christianity	198	(3)
Jews in Medieval European Life	201	(1)
Feudal Monarchy in Western Europe	201	(1)
The Spiritual and Intellectual Life of the Later Middle Ages	202	(2)
Medieval Literature, Art, and Architecture	204	(2)
The East Roman or Byzantine Empire	206	(6)
Life in the Byzantine Empire in 500	206	(2)
Justinian I	208	(1)
The Empire's Neighbors	209	(1)
Religious Issues	209	(2)
Decline of Empire	211	(1)
Islam and Islamic Empires	212	(8)
Muhammad: A Religious and Political Leader	212	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures People of the Book	214	(1)
The First Four Caliphs and Islamic Conquests	215	(2)
The Umayyad Caliphate	217	(1)
The Split between Sunnis and Shi'i	218	(1)
The Establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate	219	(1)
Summary and Comparisons	220	(1)
Selected Sources	221	(2)
Internet Links	222	(1)
Disruption and Renewal in South and East Asia	223	(52)
India From the Guptas to the Muslim Dynasties	224	(8)
The Gupta Empire, Harsha, and the Rajputs	225	(2)
Religious Developments: Hinduism and Buddhism	227	(1)
Art, Architecture, Life, and Culture	228	(3)
India under the Impact of Islam	231	(1)
Indianized Southeast Asia	232	(6)
Indian Economic and Cultural Expansion	232	(2)
Mainland Southeast Asia	234	(2)
Island Southeast Asia	236	(2)
China's Second Imperial Age	238	(12)
Political Turmoil and Barbarian Invasions	238	(2)
Buddhism in China	240	(2)
China Reunified: the Sui and T'ang Dynasties	242	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Cultural Borrowing and Adaptation---The Chair	244	(1)
An Enlightened Government and a Prosperous Economy	245	(1)
China and the World Beyond	245	(1)
The Apogee of Buddhism	246	(2)
The Golden Age of Poetry and Sculpture	248	(2)
China Partitioned: The Sung And Nomadic Dynasties, 960-1279	250	(7)
A Checkered History	251	(1)
Difficulties in the Pursuit of Peace and War	252	(2)
Dynamic Neo-Confucianism and Stagnat Buddhism	254	(1)
Age of Refinement in Culture and the Arts	255	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Companionable and Bossy Wives	256	(1)
Two Sinicized States	257	(3)
Korea	257	(1)
Vietnam	258	(2)
Connections in Migration The Mariners of Oceania	260	(1)
Japan: The Merging of Chinese and Native Cultures	260	(10)
Geography and Early History	261	(1)
The Adoption of Chinese Civilization	262	(3)
Departures from Chinese Models	265	(1)
Language and the Arts in the Nara and Heian Periods	265	(1)
Early Feudal Japan	266	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Japanese Adaptations	268	(1)
Religion and Social Life during the Early Feudal Era	269	(1)
Summary and Comparisons	270	(1)
Selected Sources	271	(4)
Internet Links	272	(1)
Comparative Essay 5 Cultural Borrowing and Cultural Isolation	273	(2)
Developing Civilizations	275	(34)
Mesoamerican Civilization	276	(8)
Urban Splendor: Teotihuacan	276	(2)
The Integration of Mesoamerican Civilization: The Maya	278	(3)
Mesoamerican Imperialism: The Aztecs	281	(2)
Connections in Culture Cahokia: Mound Building Center in North America	283	(1)
Andean Civilization	284	(6)
The Artistry of the Moche Culture	284	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Women and Religious Rituals	286	(1)
Amerindian Social Engineering: The Inka	286	(4)
African Cultures	290	(15)
Geographic and Social Diversity in Africa	290	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Folk Wisdom	291	(1)
Islamic North Africa	292	(1)
Christian Ethiopia	293	(2)
The Bantu	295	(2)
Successor States: Kingdoms of Gold and Salt	297	(3)
Prosperous West African Kingdoms	300	(2)
The States of Central Africa	302	(1)
Commercial Wealth in East Africa	302	(2)
Inland Cities in Southern Africa	304	(1)
Summary and Comparisons	305	(1)
Selected Sources	305	(4)
Internet Links	306	(1)
Comparative Essay 6 The Development of International Trade	307	(2)
Three Continets: Conflict and Commerce	309	(44)
The Golden Age of Islam	310	(8)
Life under the Abbasids	310	(1)
Abbasid Decline	311	(1)
The Glories of Muslim Spain	312	(1)
Islamic Theology, Philosophy, and Science	313	(1)
Connections in Culture Women in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam	314	(1)
Major Architectural Achievements	315	(1)
Islamic Literature and the ``Lively Arts''	316	(2)
The Crusades	318	(7)
Crusading Zeal	318	(1)
The Divided Muslim World	319	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Schools and Universities	320	(1)
The Crusader States	321	(1)
Muslim Counterattacks	322	(2)
Cultural and Commercial Exchanges	324	(1)
The Mongol Conquest of Eurasia	325	(9)
Genghis Khan, the World Conqueror, 1155-1227	326	(2)
Genghis Khan's Heritage	328	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Treasures from Royal Tombs	329	(1)
Mongol Domains under Genghis Khan's Heirs	330	(1)
Kubilai Khan's Empire	331	(2)
The Last Mongol Conquests in West Asia and Russia	333	(1)
The Mongol Legacy	334	(7)
The Yuan Dynasty	334	(2)
The Il-Khanate of Persia	336	(1)
The Golden Horde	337	(1)
The Khanate of Chagatai	338	(1)
The Empire of Timurlane	339	(1)
The Legacy of Mongol Imperialism	340	(1)
New Dynasties in West Asia	341	(7)
The Flowering of Islamic Culture in Persia	342	(1)
The Mamluk Dynasties	342	(2)
The House of Osman	344	(2)
The Conquest of Constantinople	346	(2)
Summary and Comparisons	348	(1)
Selected Sources	349	(4)
Internet Links	349	(1)
Comparative Essay 7 European Imperialism through the End of the Seventeenth Century	350	(3)
Emerging Global Interrelations	353	(46)
The Rival Ottoman and Safavid Empires	354	(8)
Ottoman Territorial Expansion and Government	355	(2)
Social and Economic Life in the Ottoman Empire	357	(1)
Cultural and Artistic Achievements	358	(1)
The Imperial Safavids	359	(2)
Architecture, and Fine Arts, and Literature in Persia	361	(1)
Wars between the Rival Empires	362	(1)
The Culture of the Renaissance in Europe	362	(9)
The Origins of the Renaissance: Italian Literature and Humanism	363	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Racy Tales	364	(2)
Renaissance Art in Italy	366	(2)
The Renaissance Outside Italy	368	(2)
Women and the Renaissance	370	(1)
European Nation-States and the Reformation	371	(11)
The Centralization of Western European Monarchies	372	(1)
The Background of the Protestant Reformation	373	(1)
Martin Luther Breaks with the Church	374	(3)
Protestant Reformers after Luther	377	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Life in Geneva and Venice in the Sixteenth Century	378	(1)
Women and the Reformation	379	(1)
The Roman Catholic or Counter-Reformation	380	(1)
European Expansion	381	(1)
African Kingdoms, European Contacts, and the Slave Trade	382	(5)
European Entry into Africa	382	(1)
Dutch Settlements in South Africa	383	(2)
The Slave Trade in Africa	385	(2)
European Colonial Empires in the Western Hemisphere	387	(8)
Early European Exploration of the Western Hemisphere	388	(1)
Spanish Conquests in Mexico and South America	389	(1)
Rival Empires in the Western Hemisphere	390	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures New Stuff on Your Plate	392	(3)
Summary and Comparisons	395	(1)
Selected Sources	396	(3)
Internet Links	397	(2)
Asia in the Early Modern Era	399	(54)
Early European Colonization of Southeast Asia	400	(9)
A Kaleidoscope of States and Cultures	400	(1)
Southeast Asia: Magnet for Europeans	401	(1)
Portuguese and Spanish Empires	401	(3)
Connections in Culture Coffee and Tea	404	(1)
Dutch and English Empires	404	(4)
Life in Southeast Asia	408	(1)
The Moghul Dynasty	409	(10)
Rise and Fall of Moghul Rule	410	(1)
Moghul Absolutism	411	(2)
Society and Economy under the Moghuls	413	(2)
Diverse and Divisive Religions	415	(2)
Artistic Fusion in Architecture and Painting	417	(2)
The Ming Dynasty	419	(9)
Ming History	420	(2)
An Autocratic Government and a Conservative Military	422	(1)
The Economy, Society, and Educational System	423	(3)
Vibrant Culture and Arts	426	(1)
Early Contacts with Europeans	427	(1)
The Ch'ing (Manchu) Dynasty At Its Height	428	(10)
The Consolidation of Ch'ing Rule	429	(2)
The Manchu Government: Traditions Continued	431	(2)
The Final Flowering of the Traditional Economy and Society	433	(1)
Missionaries, Foreign Relations, and Trade	434	(2)
The Last Great Era of Traditional Culture and the Arts	436	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Marriage Customs in India and China	437	(1)
A Centralized Feudal State in Japan	438	(9)
The Building of a Centralized Feudal State	439	(2)
Japan Becomes Isolationist	441	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Determining Political Succession	442	(1)
Feudalism under the Tokugawa Shogunate	443	(3)
Strains in the Late Tokugawa Era	446	(1)
Summary and Comparisons	447	(1)
Selected Sources	448	(5)
Internet Links	449	(1)
Comparative Essay 8 The Global Impact of Industrialization	450	(3)
The West: 1600-1800	453	(52)
Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Europe	454	(10)
The Foundations of Absolutism	454	(1)
The Eclipse of Spain	455	(1)
The Pinnacle of Royal Absolutism: France under Louis XIV	456	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures The Pageantry of Versailles	458	(1)
Classicism and the Spread of French Cultural Influences	459	(1)
The Rise of Constitutionalism in England	460	(1)
The Triumph of Parliament	461	(2)
Life in England in the Era of Constitutional Development	463	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Inventing Childhood	464	(1)
Intellectual and Scientific Developments: The Age of Reason	464	(9)
The Scientific Revolution	465	(1)
The New Scientists	466	(2)
The Enlightenment	468	(1)
The Philosophes	469	(2)
The Arts in the Age of Enlightenment	471	(2)
Eastern Europe and the Age of Enlightened Despotism	473	(4)
Enlightened Despotism	473	(1)
Habsburg Revival and Austrian Absolutism	473	(1)
Hohenzollern Power and Prussian Absolutism	474	(1)
Autocracy in Russia	475	(2)
The Development of Latin American Culture	477	(6)
A Multiracial Society	478	(1)
The Life of the Masses in Latin America	478	(1)
Connections in Migration Forced Migration, 1600-1800	479	(1)
Mercantilist Theory and Spanish American Reality	480	(1)
Church and State in Spanish America	481	(1)
Spanish American Culture: Derivation and Innovation	482	(1)
Cultural Evolution and Political Independence in British North America	483	(7)
The Multiracial Basis of British North America	483	(1)
A New Economy and Society for the Common Settler	484	(1)
A New Political Process	485	(1)
The Enlightenment in North America	486	(1)
Colonial Unrest and Colonial War	487	(1)
The United States of America	488	(2)
The Global Contest for Empire and the Onset of the Industrial Revolution	490	(9)
Exploration in the Pacific, Competition in North America	490	(1)
Competing Colonial Systems	491	(4)
The Developing Global Economy	495	(1)
The Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution	495	(3)
New Industries	498	(1)
Summary and Comparisons	499	(1)
Selected Sources	500	(5)
Internet Links	501	(2)
Comparative Essay 9 Nationalism: An Emerging Global Force	503	(2)
The Modernization of the Western World	505	(60)
The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era	506	(13)
The Old Regime	506	(2)
The Last Days of the Old Regime	508	(1)
Forging a New Order: The Moderate Stage	508	(3)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Charlotte Corday and the Murder of Marat	511	(1)
From the Reign of Terror to the End of the Revolution	512	(2)
Women and the French Revolution	514	(1)
The Rise of Napoleon	515	(1)
The Consulate	515	(2)
Napoleon's Empire: From Triumph to Collapse	517	(2)
Reform and Revolution in the Nineteenth Century	519	(10)
Restoration and Conservatism versus Reform and Revolution	520	(2)
Revolt and Independence in Latin America	522	(4)
1848: The Year of Revolutions	526	(3)
Nationalism and Political Conflict in the West: 1848-1914	529	(11)
The Second Napoleonic Empire	529	(1)
The Triumph of Nationalism in Italy	529	(3)
The Unification of Germany	532	(2)
The United States Creates an Indivisible National Union	534	(2)
Austria-Hungary and Russia: Multinational Empires	536	(1)
European Political Developments to 1914	537	(3)
The Spread of Industrialization and the Appearance of Industrialized Society	540	(10)
The Spread of Industrialization	540	(2)
New Industries in the Nineteenth Century	542	(1)
The Rise of Big Business	542	(2)
Connections in Migration Global Economy, Regional Migration	544	(1)
Social Classes in the Industrial Age	545	(2)
Women's Work and the Family	547	(1)
Marx Predicts the Triumph of Socialism	547	(2)
Industrialization and Social Reforms	549	(1)
Western Cultural and Intellectual Trends	550	(8)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Classical Greece: A Perennial Source of Inspiration	551	(1)
The Romantic Movement in Literature, Art, and Music	551	(3)
Materialism and Realism in Philosophy and Literature	554	(1)
``Survival of the Fittest'' in Science and Society	555	(1)
The Development of Culture in the Americas	556	(2)
Summary and Comparisons	558	(2)
Selected Sources	560	(5)
Internet Links	561	(1)
Comparative Essay 10 Total War	562	(3)
The Race for Empire and World War I	565	(50)
Causes of Imperialism and The Partition of Africa	566	(7)
Imperial Motivations	566	(3)
Europe Partitions Africa	569	(2)
African Resistance	571	(2)
The Boer War	573	(1)
Western Imperialism in the Middle East and Asia	573	(11)
Ottoman Reforms and Territorial Losses	574	(1)
The Eastern Question	575	(2)
Imperial Gains in Asia	577	(1)
India: The Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire	578	(1)
Protecting India: Imperialist Confrontations in Asia	579	(1)
British Settlement of Australasia	580	(1)
The European Onslaught on the Ch'ing Empire in China	581	(1)
Connections in Migration Empire and Migration	582	(2)
Japan and the United States Become World Powers	584	(4)
Japanese Imperialism	585	(1)
The Rise of the United States	585	(1)
The United States Becomes an Imperialist Power	586	(1)
The Caribbean Becomes a U.S. Lake	586	(1)
The United States and Canada	587	(1)
U.S. Expansion in Asia	588	(1)
The Causes and Course of World War I	588	(12)
The Underlying Causes of the Conflict	589	(1)
Bismarckian Diplomacy	590	(1)
The Post-Bismarck Era	590	(1)
Conflicts and Compromises, 1907-1914	591	(1)
Archduke Francis Ferdinand's Assassination Leads to War	591	(3)
The Controversy over Responsibility	594	(1)
Stalemate on the Western Front	595	(1)
The Eastern Front	595	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures The Fighting Goodyears	596	(1)
The War outside Europe	596	(1)
The Home Front	597	(1)
Women and the War	598	(1)
American Entry and the Collapse of the Central Powers	599	(1)
Postwar Settlements and the Interwar Years	600	(10)
The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty	600	(2)
The Settlements with the Other Central Powers	602	(1)
Evaluation of the Peace Treaties	602	(2)
The League of Nations	604	(1)
Germany under the Weimar Republic	605	(1)
The Quest for International Security	606	(1)
The Victorious Democracies in the 1920s	607	(1)
The Great Depression	608	(2)
Summary and Comparisons	610	(1)
Selected Sources	611	(4)
Internet Links	612	(1)
Comparative Essay 11 Antiimperialism	613	(2)
Twentieth-Century Political and Cultural Ferment	615	(50)
Independence Movements in West Asia, Africa, and Mexico	616	(11)
Three Conflicting Agreements Regarding the Arab World	617	(3)
Modernism versus Tradition	620	(2)
African Revolts against Foreign Domination	622	(1)
The Emergence of African Political Organizations	623	(2)
Social Revolution in Mexico	625	(2)
Struggles for Independence in South and East Asia	627	(10)
British Rule and the Bith of Modern India	627	(1)
Indian Nationalist Awakening	628	(2)
A Changing Indian Society	630	(1)
Nationalist Opposition in Southeast Asia	631	(1)
The Chinese Nationalists Triumph	631	(2)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Nontraditional Schools	633	(1)
The Twin Challenges of Communism and Japanese Imperialism	633	(2)
A Changing Chinese Society	635	(2)
The Soviet Union, 1917-1939
The Last Years of the Tsarist Regime	637	(1)
The Provisional Government Succeeds the Tsar	637	(1)
Lenin and the Bolsheviks Seize Power	638	(1)
The Bolshevik Regime, 1918-1924	639	(2)
The Deadly Struggle for the Succession to Lenin	641	(1)
The Stalin Dictatorship	642	(1)
Life and Culture in the Soviet Union	643	(1)
Soviet Foreign Policy	644	(1)
Twentieth-Century Scientific, Technological, and Economic Developments	644	(12)
Scientific Advances in the Age of Einstein	645	(1)
Major Trends in Biology, Anthropology, and Psychology	646	(2)
New Trends in Technology	648	(2)
Changing Patterns of Economic Organization	650	(1)
Connections in Culture Diasporas and Culture	651	(1)
Societal Changes and Women's Rights	652	(4)
Twentieth-Century Social and Cultural Patterns	656	(5)
Philosophic Trends: Secularism, Pragmatism, Existentialism	656	(1)
Secularism versus Religion	657	(1)
Social Thought in the Contemporary Era	657	(1)
Modernism and the Arts	658	(2)
Popular Culture	660	(1)
Summary and Comparisons	661	(1)
Selected Sources	662	(3)
Internet Links	663	(2)
The Interwar Years, World War II, and the Cold War	665	(40)
Militarism, Fascism, and Nazism	666	(8)
Militarism in Japan	667	(1)
Totalitarian Regimes in Europe	668	(1)
Fascism in Italy	668	(1)
Nazism in Germany	669	(1)
Nazi State and Society	670	(1)
Authoritarian Regimes in the Iberian Peninsula	671	(1)
Personalist Dictatorships in Latin America	672	(1)
Connections in Migration Murder and Nationhood	673	(1)
Aggression in Asia and Europe	674	(5)
Japanese Aggression against China	675	(1)
Fascist Italy's Aggressions	676	(1)
Nazi Aggression in Europe	676	(3)
World War II and Postwar Settlements	679	(16)
Japan Launches All-Out War against China	680	(1)
Axis Advances in Europe	681	(3)
The United States Enters the War	684	(2)
Hitler's ``New Order''	686	(1)
The Home Front	687	(2)
The War in North Africa and the Invasion of Italy	689	(1)
Allied Victory in Europe	690	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures What Goes Around Comes Around: Tannenberg and Stalingrad	691	(1)
The Defeat of Japan	692	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Hollywood and the Two World Wars	693	(1)
Settlements with Germany and Japan	694	(1)
Cold War in Europe	695	(7)
The Beginning of the Cold War: 1945-1949	696	(1)
Economic and Political Divisions	697	(1)
Cold War Military Expansion	698	(4)
Summary and Comparisons	702	(2)
Selected Sources	704	(1)
Internet Links	704	(1)
Global Conflicts during the Cold War: 1945-1989	705	(40)
The Triumph of Nationalist Struggles for Independence	706	(9)
Imperialism in Decline	706	(1)
The British Empire in Asia Collapses	707	(3)
Independent African Nations	710	(5)
The Superpowers and the New Nations	715	(1)
The Cold War in Asia and Africa	715	(7)
Communism Wins in China	717	(1)
The Korean War	718	(1)
Escalating War in Vietnam	719	(2)
The Cold War in Africa	721	(1)
Conflict in Latin America	722	(9)
Demographic, Economic, and Social Trends	724	(2)
Connections in Migration Families and Cities	726	(1)
Marxism in a Cold War Context: Castro's Revolution in Cuba	727	(1)
The Cuban Missile Crisis	728	(1)
The United States Combats Marxism throughout Latin America	729	(2)
The Rise of Representative Government in Latin America	731	(1)
Shifting World Alliances	731	(9)
The United States since 1960	732	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Counterculture in the 1960s and 1970s	733	(1)
The Soviet Union from Khrushchev to Gorbachev	734	(1)
European Political Trends	734	(1)
Economic Recovery and Prosperity	735	(2)
Superpower Confrontations and Detentes	737	(2)
The Arms Race and Disarmament	739	(1)
Summary and Comparisons	740	(1)
Selected Sources	741	(4)
Internet Links	741	(2)
Comparative Essay 12 Regionalism and Internationalism	743	(2)
Life in a Multipolar World: The Post-Cold War Era	745	(31)
The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Changes in Europe	746	(5)
Democracy and Capitalism in Post-Cold War Europe	747	(1)
The Soviet Empire Crumbles	748	(1)
New Economic Alliances and Problems	749	(1)
Ethnic Diversity and Conflict	750	(1)
Ongoing Conflict and Changes in West Asia and Africa	751	(9)
The Israeli-Palestinian-Arab Conflict	751	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Political Humor	752	(3)
Crises in the Persian Gulf Region	755	(2)
Struggles for Equality in the Republic of South Africa	757	(2)
Political, Social, and Economic Issues in Africa	759	(1)
Major Challenges Confronting the Post-Cold War World	760	(13)
Struggles for Democracy	761	(2)
Struggles for Gender and Social Equality	763	(1)
Technological and Economic Challenges	764	(1)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Monumental Structures	765	(4)
Lives and Times Across Cultures Environmental Cleanups	769	(1)
Environmental Challenges	769	(2)
Cultural Interactions and Tensions	771	(1)
Connections in Culture Identities in a Global Age	772	(1)
Summary and Comparisons	773	(1)
Selected Sources	774	(2)
Internet Links	775	(1)
Romanizing Chinese Words	776	(1)
Glossary	777	(14)
Index	791