World History: People & Nations

by Mazour

• ISBN13: 9780030533594
• ISBN10: 0030533597
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School

Table of Contents

Geography and World History: An Introduction	xxv
UNIT 1 The Beginnings of Civilization	xxx
The Emergence of Civilization C. 3,700,000 B.C.--1200 B.C.	2	(14)
Prehistoric Peoples	3	(6)
What If?---The Ice Age	5	(2)
History Through the Arts: Sculpture---Prehistoric Ivory Head	7	(2)
The Foundations of Civilization	9	(7)
Building History Study Skills: Interpreting Visuals---Using a Time Line to Understand B.C. and A.D.	12	(4)
The First Civilizations C. 6000 B.C.--587 B.C.	16	(32)
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile	17	(7)
History Through the Arts: Metalworking---Funeral Mask of a Pharaoh	23	(1)
Egyptian Life and Culture	24	(3)
Connections: Then and Now---Cotton	25	(2)
Sumerian Civilization	27	(5)
Technology---Technology of the First Civilizations	29	(2)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Evaluating Sources of Evidence	31	(1)
Empires of the Fertile Crescent	32	(6)
The Phoenicians, Lydians, and Hebrews	38	(10)
What If?---The Phoenician Alphabet	38	(2)
Perspectives: Legacies of the Past---Money	40	(4)
Linking Geography to History---The Amazing Variety of Earth's Surface	44	(4)
Ancient Indian Civilization C. 2500 B.C.--A.D. 550	48	(20)
Indus Valley Civilization	49	(5)
Economics---Industry and Trade in the Indus Valley	52	(1)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Classifying Information	53	(1)
Indo-Aryan Migrants	54	(3)
Technology---Clues to the Past Through Archaeology	56	(1)
Hinduism and Buddhism	57	(4)
History Through the Arts: Sculpture---The God Siva	59	(1)
What If?---Siddhartha Gautama	60	(1)
Ancient Indian Dynasties and Empires	61	(2)
Ancient Indian Life and Culture	63	(5)
Connections: Then and Now---Fairy Tales	65	(3)
Ancient Chinese Civilization C. 1500 B.C.--A.D. 589	68	(30)
Geographic and Cultural Influences	69	(4)
The Shang Dynasty	73	(3)
History Through the Arts: Sculpture---Ancient Bronze Vessel	74	(2)
The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties	76	(4)
Philosophies of Ancient China	80	(4)
What If?---Confucius	81	(2)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Analyzing a Statement	83	(1)
Chinese Life and Culture	84	(14)
Connections: Here and There---Harvest Festivals	85	(7)
Synthesis	92	(6)
UNIT 2 Civilizations of the Mediterranean World	98	(86)
The Greek City-States C. 2000 B.C.--404 B.C.	100	(24)
Early Greeks and the Rise of City-States	101	(5)
Greek Government and Society	106	(5)
History Through the Arts: Literature---The Odyssey	107	(2)
Connections: Then and Now---Stadiums	109	(2)
Sparta and Athens	111	(4)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Making Comparisons	114	(1)
Daily Life in Athens	115	(2)
The Expansion of Greece	117	(7)
What If?---The Persian Wars	119	(5)
Greece's Golden and Hellenistic Ages 478 B.C.--146 B.C.	124	(18)
Greek Art of the Golden Age	125	(3)
History Through the Arts: Sculpture---Greek Funeral Stele	126	(2)
Philosophers and Writers of the Golden Age	128	(5)
Alexander the Great	133	(4)
What If?---Alexander's Empire	135	(1)
Building History Study Skills: Making Connections with History---Identifying Cultural Diffusion	136	(1)
Connections: Then and Now---Memorials	137	(1)
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture	137	(5)
The Roman World 1000 B.C.--A.D. 476	142	(42)
The Founding of the Roman Republic	143	(5)
Civics---Citizens' Rights in the Roman Republic	146	(2)
Roman Expansion	148	(3)
What If?---Hannibal	149	(2)
The Roman Empire	151	(6)
Linking Geography to History---Ancient Views of World Geography	154	(2)
Building History Study Skills: Writing About History---Formulating a Thesis Statement	156	(1)
Roman Society and Culture	157	(6)
Connections: Then and Now---Baths	161	(1)
History Through the Arts: Literature---The Metamorphoses	162	(1)
The Rise of Christianity	163	(4)
The Fall of the Roman Empire in the West	167	(17)
Perspectives: Legacies of the Past---Rome: An Enduring Legacy	172	(6)
Synthesis	178	(6)
UNIT 3 The World in Transition	184	(138)
The Byzantine Empire, Kievan Russia, and the Mongols A.D. 395-1589	186	(18)
The Byzantine Empire	187	(9)
Economics---Byzantine Silk Manufacturing and Trade	190	(2)
Building History Study Skills: Thinking About History---Identifying Bias	192	(1)
What If?---The Byzantine Empire	193	(2)
Connections: Then and Now---Spices	195	(1)
The Rise of Russia	196	(3)
The Rise of the Mongols	199	(5)
History Through the Arts: Painting---Sacred Icons	201	(3)
The Islamic Empire A.D. 570--1761	204	(20)
The Rise and Spread of Islam	205	(6)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Understanding Sequence	207	(2)
What If?---Constantinople	209	(2)
Islamic Civilization	211	(4)
Connections: Then and Now---Medicine	213	(1)
History Through the Arts: Weaving---Carpets of the Muslim World	214	(1)
Islamic and Mughal Rulers in India	215	(9)
Perspectives: Legacies of the Past---The Glory of Islam	218	(6)
The Rise of the Middle Ages A.D. 432-1328	224	(26)
The Rise of the Franks	225	(5)
What If?---Battle of Tours	226	(4)
Feudalism and the Manorial System	230	(5)
Building History Study Skills: Thinking About History---Distinguishing a Fact from a Value Statement	234	(1)
The Church	235	(4)
History Through the Arts: Print Design---Lindisfarne Gospels	237	(2)
The Struggle for Power in England and France	239	(6)
Civics: The Magna Carta	243	(2)
The Clash over Germany and Italy	245	(5)
The High Middle Ages A.D. 1000--1500	250	(26)
The Crusades	251	(5)
What If?---The Crusades	253	(1)
Linking Geography to History---The World of Arab Geographers	254	(2)
The Revival of Trade	256	(3)
Connections: Then and Now---Tolls	257	(1)
Economics---Trade Fairs of the Middle Ages	258	(1)
The Growth of Towns	259	(3)
Life and Culture in the Middle Ages	262	(5)
History Through the Arts: Literature---The Canterbury Tales	263	(2)
Building History Study Skills: Making Connections with History---Linking Literature to History	265	(2)
Wars and the Growth of Nations	267	(4)
Challenges to Church Power	271	(5)
The Civilizations of East Asia A.D. 552-1573	276	(18)
China Under the Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties	277	(5)
History Through the Arts: Sculpture---Tang Camel	279	(3)
The Mongol Empire	282	(4)
Connections: Here and There---Travelers East and West	285	(1)
Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia	286	(8)
What If?---The ``Divine Wind''	287	(2)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Reading a Chart	289	(5)
Africa and the Americas 1800 B.C.--A.D. 1500	294	(28)
Africa's Early History	295	(4)
Connections: Here and There---Trumpets	298	(1)
African City---States and Kingdoms	299	(6)
Building History Study Skills: Writing About History---Paraphrasing Information	301	(2)
History Through the Arts: Sculpture---Royal Figure from West Africa	303	(2)
The Earliest Americans	305	(4)
What If?---The Bering Strait	305	(4)
The Empires of Mexico and Peru	309	(13)
Synthesis	316	(6)
UNIT 4 The Emergence of Modern Nations	322	(164)
The Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution 1350--1700	324	(30)
Renaissance Writers and Artists	325	(8)
Civics: Machiavelli---Lessons in Statecraft	327	(2)
History Through the Arts: Painting---Realism and Perspective	329	(2)
Building History Study Skills: Making Connections with History---Using Art to Understand Values	331	(2)
The Protestant Reformation	333	(3)
The Catholic Reformation	336	(5)
Culture and Daily Life	341	(5)
Connections: Then and Now---Games	343	(2)
What If?---Printing	345	(1)
The Scientific Revolution	346	(8)
Technology---The Microscope and the Telescope	349	(5)
European Exploration, Expansion, and Absolutism 1400--1800	354	(38)
The Foundations of European Exploration	355	(5)
Technology---A Mariner's Astrolabe	357	(2)
Economics---The Growth of Banking Families	359	(1)
Voyages of Portugal and Spain	360	(8)
Connections: Here and There---The Columbian Exchange	364	(4)
The Spanish and Dutch Empires	368	(7)
History Through the Arts: Painting---Young Woman with a Water Jug	373	(2)
France in the Age of Absolutism	375	(4)
Eastern and Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism	379	(13)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Making Inferences	380	(5)
What If?---Russian Expansion	385	(7)
Revolution and Change in England 1485-1760	392	(22)
The Tudors and the Stuarts	393	(7)
Connections: Then and Now---Theater	396	(2)
History Through the Arts: Literature---The Authorized Version of the Bible (The King James Bible)	398	(2)
Civil War and Revolution	400	(2)
What If?---English Civil War	402	(1)
England's Constitutional Monarchy	402	(6)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Identifying a Point of View	406	(2)
English Colonial Expansion	408	(6)
The American and French Revolutions 1715-1829	414	(38)
The Enlightenment	415	(3)
The American Revolution	418	(5)
The French Revolution	423	(11)
Connections: Then and Now---Independence Days	427	(3)
Perspectives: Legacies of the Past---Two Declarations of Freedom	430	(3)
Building History Study Skills: Thinking About History---Examining How Perspective Influences Viewpoints	433	(1)
The French Republic	434	(5)
What If?---Louis XVI	434	(3)
History Through the Arts: Painting---The Death of Marat	437	(2)
The Napoleonic Era	439	(5)
A Return to Peace	444	(8)
Asia in Transition 1368-1868	452	(34)
The Ming and Qing Dynasties	453	(10)
What If?---Sea Power	455	(7)
Building History Study Skills: Thinking About History---Analyzing Consequences	462	(1)
The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan	463	(5)
History Through the Arts: Printing---Evening Squall at Ohashi	466	(2)
The Islamic Empires of Asia	468	(18)
Linking Geography to History: The Mercator Projection---A Map for Navigators	472	(8)
Synthesis	480	(6)
UNIT 5 Industrialism and Nationalism	486	(150)
The Industrial Revolution 1600--1901	488	(26)
The Origins of the Industrial Revolution	489	(8)
Perspectives: Legacies of the Past---The Story Behind the Industrial Revolution	492	(2)
What If?---The Cotton Gin	494	(3)
The Factory System	497	(4)
Technology---Thonet Rocker	499	(2)
New Methods and Business Organizations	501	(3)
Living and Working Conditions	504	(5)
Building History Study Skills: Interpreting Visuals---Determining Cause and Effect	505	(2)
History Through the Arts: Literature---Hard Times	507	(2)
Calls for Reform	509	(5)
Life in the Industrial Age 1800--1928	514	(28)
Advances in Technology and Communication	515	(3)
History Through the Arts: Printing---Paris Exposition Poster	516	(2)
Technology---Petroleum and the Industrial Age	518	(1)
Advances in Science and Medicine	518	(7)
What If?---Vaccines	520	(1)
Connections: Then and Now---Science Fiction	521	(4)
Social Sciences in the Industrial Age	525	(3)
Society and Culture in the Industrial Age	528	(6)
Literature, Music, and Art in the Industrial Age	534	(8)
Building History Study Skills: Interpreting Visuals---Using Art as a Historical Document	537	(5)
The Age of Reform 1791-1911	542	(30)
Liberal Reforms in Great Britain and Its Empire	543	(9)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Understanding Ideology	545	(3)
Connections: Here and There---Hunger and Despair: The Irish Potato Famine	548	(2)
What If?---Great Britain and the American Revolution	550	(2)
Expansion and Reform in the United States	552	(5)
Revolution and Reform in France	557	(6)
History Through the Arts: Painting---The Gleaners	559	(4)
Independence Movements in Latin America	563	(9)
Nationalism in Europe 1806-1913	572	(26)
The Unification of Italy	573	(4)
The Unification of Germany	577	(7)
Civics---Nationalism	580	(3)
Building History Study Skills: Writing About History---Writing a Comparison Essay	583	(1)
Opposition to Bismarck	584	(3)
What If?---Bismarck	586	(1)
Reform and Revolution in Russia	587	(4)
History Through the Arts: Metalworking---Faberge Egg	589	(2)
Unrest in Austria---Hungary	591	(7)
The Age of Imperialism 1830--1917	598	(38)
The Roots of Imperialism	599	(4)
History Through the Arts: Literature---The Voice of Rudyard Kipling	602	(1)
European Claims in North Africa and the Sudan	603	(3)
European Claims in Sub---Saharan Africa	606	(6)
Linking Geography to History: The Berlin Conference---Making a New Map of Africa	609	(2)
Building History Study Skills: Thinking About History---Determining Relevancy	611	(1)
European Expansion in South and East Asia	612	(5)
Foreign Influence in Southeast Asia and the Pacific	617	(3)
What If?---Imperialism	618	(2)
Imperialism in Latin America	620	(16)
Synthesis	630	(6)
UNIT 6 World War in the Twentieth Century	636	(112)
World War I and the Russian Revolution 1882-1920	638	(26)
Setting the Stage for War	639	(6)
World War I: A New Kind of War	645	(7)
Perspectives: Legacies of the Past---Weapons That Changed History	646	(4)
Connections: Then and Now---Women in Wartime	650	(2)
The Russian Revolution	652	(2)
The Terms of Peace	654	(3)
What If?---Nations at War	655	(1)
History Through the Arts: Painting---Duchamp and the Dadaists	656	(1)
Creating a ``New Europe''	657	(7)
Building History Study Skills: Interpreting Visuals---Using a Map as a Historical Document	658	(6)
The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism 1919-1936	664	(26)
The Postwar Era	665	(5)
History Through the Arts: Films---Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times	667	(2)
Technology---The Development of Radio	669	(1)
Postwar Prosperity Crumbles	670	(4)
What If?---The Great Depression	672	(2)
Political Tensions After World War I	674	(5)
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany	679	(6)
Building History Study Skills: Thinking About History---Analyzing Documents	683	(2)
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union	685	(5)
New Political Forces in Africa, Asia, and Latin America 1898-1938	690	(20)
The British Empire in the Postwar Era	691	(4)
Building History Study Skills: Writing About History---Writing a Problem---Solution Essay	693	(2)
Turkey, Persia, and Africa	695	(2)
Unrest in China	697	(4)
Civics---P'u-i, the Last Emperor of China	699	(2)
Japan Between the Wars	701	(3)
What If?---The Russo-Japanese War	702	(2)
Latin America Between the Wars	704	(6)
History Through the Arts: Frescoes---Rivera's Fruits of Labor	705	(5)
World War II 1921-1945	710	(38)
Threats to World Peace	711	(5)
History Through the Arts: Painting---Guernica	715	(1)
Pablo Picasso
Hitler's Aggressions	716	(4)
What If?---The League of Nations	718	(2)
Axis Gains	720	(5)
Connections: Here and There---Resistance to Nazi Occupation	723	(2)
The Soviet Union and the United States	725	(6)
Linking Geography to History---Geopolitics	728	(3)
The End of the War	731	(17)
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Understanding a Biographical Account	735	(7)
Synthesis	742	(6)
UNIT 7 The World Since 1945	748
Europe and North America in the Postwar Years 1945-1968	750
Aftermath of the War in Europe	751
What If?---The United Nations	756
Origins of the Cold War	756
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Identifying an Argument	758
Reconstruction, Reform, and Reaction in Europe	762
History Through the Arts: Architecture---Chapel	765
Le Corbusier
The United States and Canada	767
Asia Since 1945 1945-The Present	774
South Asia After Empire	775
The Rise of Communist China and Taiwan	782
Building History Study Skills: Reading About History---Identifying Fallacies in Reasoning	784
What If?---China and the United States	788
Civics---The Transfer of Hong Kong	789
The Japanese Miracle	793
Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia	797
History Through the Arts: Weaving---Ikat Cloth	799
Asian Paths to Prosperity and Security	806
Africa and the Middle East Since 1945 1945-The Present	812
African Independence After World War II	813
Africa Since Independence	821
Nationalism in North Africa and the Middle East	826
History Through the Arts: Stained Glass---Windows in Jerusalem	829
What If?---The Birth of Israel	829
War, Oil, and Revolution in North Africa and the Middle East	832
Building History Study Skills: Interpreting Visuals---Reading a Special---Purpose Map	837
Latin America Since 1945 1945-The Present	844
Facing New Challenges	845
Building History Study Skills: Making Connections with History---Linking Economics to History	847
Mexico and Central America	851
Nations of the Caribbean	857
What If?---The Bay of Pigs	859
South America	863
Connections: Then and Now---Earlier Battles for the Falklands	865
History Through the Arts: Literature---Magic Realism	869
The Superpowers in the Modern Era 1969-The Present	872
The Industrial Powers of North America	873
History Through the Arts: Architecture---Maya Ying Lin	875
Linking Geography to History---Looking Beyond Planet Earth	879
Europe	882
The Fall of Communism	890
What If?---Gorbachev	893
Building History Study Skills: Thinking About History---Conducting a Debate	898
The World in the Twenty-First Century 1945-The Present	902
Science and Technology	903
What If?---We Are Not Alone	907
Perspectives: Legacies of the Past---The Global Economy	910
Technology---Genetic Engineering	912
Health and Human Rights	913
The Arts and Literature	918
History Through the Arts: Architecture---Sydney Opera House	919
Building History Study Skills: Making Connections with History---Linking Architecture to History	921
Synthesis	930
Reference Section
Atlas	R2
Gazetteer	R22
Phonetic Respelling and Pronunciation Guide	R31
Glossary	R31
Index	R44
Acknowledgments	R72