The World Transformed, 1945 to the Present A Documentary Reader

by Hunt, Michael H.

• ISBN13: 9780199371037
• ISBN10: 0199371032
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2014-06-27
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Oxford University Press is pleased to be the new publisher of the bestselling anthology The World Transformed, 1945 to the Present: A Documentary Reader, Second Edition. Edited by Michael H. Hunt, this collection invites students to interpret and evaluate 180 documents organized into forty topical sections ranging over the last seven decades and virtually the entire globe. It serves as an ideal companion volume to Hunt's text, A World Transformed: 1945 to the Present, but can also be used as a stand-alone reader in a variety of courses in history, international relations, and global studies.

Author Biography

Michael H. Hunt is the Everett H. Emerson Professor of History Emeritus at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is the author of several books, including The World Transformed, 1945 to the Present (OUP, 2013) and Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy (2009). He is also the coauthor, with Steve Levine, of Arc of Empire: America's Wars in Asia from the Philippines to Vietnam (2012).

Table of Contents

Preface
Introduction: The Rewards and Challenges of Reading Primary Sources

Chapter 1. The Cold War: Toward Soviet-American Confrontation
The United States as the champion of liberty
1.1. Woodrow Wilson, address to the Senate, 1917
1.2. Henry R. Luce, on "The American Century," 1941
Soviet Communism on the March
1.3. Joseph Stalin on "The Foundations of Leninism," 1924
1.4. Teresa Tora?ska, interview with Jakub Berman on Communism's appeal
The Cold War Takes Shape
1.5. American and Soviet Leaders move from war to peace, 1943-1946
a. Roosevelt, 21 September 1943 b. Stalin, 6 November 1944
c. Yalta conference, 6 February 1945 d. Truman, 20 April 1945
e. Truman, 23 April 1945 f. Truman, 25 July 1945
g. Stalin, probably late July 1945 h. Stalin, 9 February 1946
1.6. Two diplomats assess the international situation, 1946
a. Kennan "long telegram" b. Novikov, report to Molotov
1.7. Harry Truman, address to Congress, March 1947
1.8. Andrei Zhdanov, Cominform speech, September 1947
1.9. Responses to the enemy threat
a. NSC 68, 1950 b. Stalin, 1952
The Cold War at Home
1.10 Popular antipathy takes hold, 1947-1948
a. U.S. cartoon image of Stalin b. Soviet cartoon on U.S. policy
1.11. Soviet society feels the chill
a. Zhdanov, 1946 b. Stonov, "Seven Slashes"
1.12. The "Red Menace" in the United States
a. Hoover, 1947 b. Investigation of a postal worker, 1954

Chapter 2. The International Economy: Reform and Revival
The Japanese Cope with the Devastation of War
2.1. Hiroshima residents remember death and destruction
a. Mr. Katsutani b. Wakasa Ikuko c. Ry?so Fujie
2.2. Japanese letters to General MacArthur, voices from the ruins, 1945-1947
Europe: Here Come the Americans!
2.3. Reinhold Wagnleitner recalls his youthful infatuation with things American
2.4. Bertrand Russell, a British intellectual looks across the Atlantic, 1951
The State and the Free Market
2.5. On the virtues of state involvement in the economy
a. Keynes, 1932 b. Beveridge report, 1942 c. Sturzo, 1945
2.6. Friedrich Hayek, The Road to Serfdom, 1945
2.7. Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation, 1944
Reconstructing the Japanese and European Economies
2.8. Japanese Foreign Ministry blueprint for postwar recovery, 1946
2.9. George C. Marshall on a strategy for European recovery, 1947

Chapter 3. The Third World: First Tremors in Asia
China's Triumphant Revolution
3.1. Mao Zedong recounts his path to socialism, 1938
3.2. Mao on the founding of the People's Republic of China, 1949
3.3. Peasant perspectives on poverty and village politics
Vietnam and the Path to National Liberation
3.4. Ho Chi Minh on communist anti-colonialism
3.5. Ho declaring Vietnamese independence, 1945
3.6. Vietnamese peasants reflect on the Communist appeal
a. Nguyen Thi Dinh b. Tuan Doanh c. Pham Van Ha
India on the Eve of Independence
3.7. Jawaharlal Nehru on the origins of his social and political outlook, 1941
3.8. Gandhi and Nehru on development strategy, 1945
a. Gandhi to Nehru b. Nehru's reply
3.9. Nehru reacting to communal violence, 1946
3.10. Rural life: land and gender
a. Markandaya, Nectar in a Sieve b. Women's verses

Chapter 4. The Cold War: A Tenuous Accommodation
Reforming the Soviet System
4.1. Nikita Khrushchev recalls life with the elderly Stalin, 1970
4.2. Khrushchev on Stalin's crimes, February 1956
4.3. Milovan Djilas, indictment of the "new class," 1956
Spreading Nuclear Fear
4.4. Bertrand Russell and Albert Einstein on the nuclear threat, 9 July 1955
4.5. The U.S. government perspective
a. "Facts about Fallout," 1955 b. Eisenhower diary, 1956
4.6. The Soviet perspective
a. Kurchatov, 1954 b. Khrushchev, 1956
Lyndon Johnson Goes to War in Vietnam, 1965
4.7. Johnson on the U.S. commitment to South Vietnam, 7 April
4.8. The debate within the Johnson administration
a. Johnson, 21 June b. Ball, 1 July c. McNamara, 20 July
4.9. Johnson on a major commitment in Vietnam, 28 July
4.10. Philip Caputo, recollections of a Marine's Vietnam War
Youth Erupts, 1968
4.11. Stirrings in the United States
a. "Port Huron Statement," 1962 b. Carmichael speech, 1966
4.12. Paris in upheaval
a. "How to Train Stuffed Geese" b. Graffiti
4.13. Massacre in Mexico City

Chapter 5. Abundance and Discontent in the Developed World
The Flowering of Consumer Society
5.1. The United States leads the way
a. Advertisement, circa 1930 b. Saturday Evening Post, 1959
5.2. Changing life in rural France, 1957, 1964, 1974
5.3. Growing up in 1950s Britain: From scarcity to affluence
5.4. Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev, the "Kitchen Debate," 1959
Economic Culture and the Good Society
5.5. Robert Schuman, declaration on European cooperation, 1950
5.6. Pope John XXIII, "Mater et Magistra," 1961
5.7. Morita Akio, on the collectivist principles guiding Sony, 1986
The Rise of an Environmental Movement
5.8. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, 1962
5.9. Donella H. Meadows et al.. The Limits to Growth, 1972
5.10. Indira Gandhi offering a third-world perspective, 1972
Feminism in the North Atlantic World
5.11. Simone de Beauvoir on "The Second Sex," 1949
5.12. NOW statement on rights for American women, 1966
5.13. The awakening of the French feminist movement
a. Anne Tristan, 1970 b. Le Torchon Brûle, 1972

Chapter 6. Third-World Hopes at High Tide
Egypt under Nasser
6.1. Gamal Abdul Nasser, "The Philosophy of the Revolution," 1952
6.2. Nasser "The National Charter," 1962
6.3. Sayyid Qutb on an alternative model based on Islam, 1964
6.4 Amina Said, on women and the revolution, 1973
Nkrumah's Vision for Ghana and Africa
6.5. Kwame Nkrumah on colonialism and independence, 1942-1945
6.6. Nkrumah on unity for Africa, 1963
6.7. Nkrumah on socialism for Ghana, 1964
6.8. Nkrumah writing in exile on hopes for a global black-power movement, 1968
6.9. Ayi Kwei Armah, The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born, 1969
Castro's Drive to Create a New Cuba
6.10. Fidel Castro, "history will absolve me," 1953
6.11. Castro, declaration of Havana, 1962
6.12. Gabriel Capote Pacheco, a popular perspective, 1969-1970
Sweeping Visions and Bold Strategies
6.13. Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, 1961
6.14. The Maoist revolutionary appeal
a. Lin Biao on people's war, 1965 b. Cultural Revolution poster
6.15. Ché Guevara on the insurrectionary impulse, 1967

Chapter 7. The Cold War Comes to a Close
The Struggle over Détente
7.1. Willy Brandt on bridging the two Germanys, 1969
7.2. President Richard Nixon, making the case for a policy of détente, 1971
7.3. Ronald Reagan, dubbing the Soviet Union the "focus of evil," 1983
7.4. Mikhail Gorbachev, reassessing Soviet foreign policy, 1986
Gorbachev's Reforms
7.5. Gorbachev recalling the personal origins of his reform impulse
7.6. Gorbachev on glasnost and perestroika, 1987
7.7. Elite supporters reflect on the Gorbachev reform program
a. Zaslavskaya b. Burlatsky
7.8. KGB report on the deteriorating political situation, 1991
The Revolutions of '89 in Europe
7.9. Critique of the Polish Communist Party, 1978
7.10. Václav Havel, "Power of the Powerless," 1979
7.11. East German Workers on socialism and national reunification, 1990

Chapter 8. Global Markets: One System, Three Centers
Championing Free Market Orthodoxy
8.1. Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom, 1962
8.2. Margaret Thatcher, promising free market prosperity for Britain, 1977
8.3. Worker anxiety in Reagan's free market America, mid-1980s
8.4. Bill Clinton, on NAFTA and international free trade, 1993
8.5. A critical Mexican perspective on NAFTA, 1992
From the EC to the EU: Tightening European Bonds
8.6. Margaret Thatcher, principles for European integration, 1988
8.7. Jacques Delors, offering his vision for European integration, 1989
8.8. François Mitterand. the prospects for an integrated Europe, 1995
China's Authoritarian Capitalism
8.9. Students criticize the Communist regime and its market reforms, 1989
8.10. Deng, remarks to military commanders, 1989
8.11. Rural support for market reforms and political stability, 1989

Chapter 9. Divergent Paths in the Third World
The Iranian Revolution
9.1. Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlevi on the problems of his regime, 1970-1977
9.2. Ruhollah Khomeini's Islamic challenge, 1963-1980
9.3 Poster depicting Khomeini triumphant
9.4. The villagers of Deh Koh and the Islamic revolution, 1978-1980
Guatemala's Brutal Civil War
9.5. Mayan women on poverty and cultural autonomy
9.6. Ladina elites on their privileged world
9.7. Interview with a government torturer
Israelis and Palestinians in a "fatal embrace"
9.8. Statement of Arab views, 1946
9.9. Israel's declaration of independence, 1948
9.10. The Palestinian Liberation Organization, National Charter, 1968
9.11. The Likud Party on occupied land, 1977
9.12. Hamas promoting the first intifada, 1988
Bringing down apartheid in South Africa
9.13 Hendrik F. Verwoerd, on the essentials of apartheid, 1948
9.14 Nelson Mandela, "Rivonia" trial statement, 19649.15 Mark Mathabane on his education in violence, 1976
9.16 Breaking the deadlock over apartheid, 1990
a. de Klerk b. Mandela

Chapter 10. In the Grip of Globalization: The 1990s and Beyond
The Backlash against Globalization
10.1 Global inequalities
a. Three families, 1993-1994 b. Data on long-term trends
10.2. "The Siena Declaration" on fundamental structural flaws, 1998
10.3. Multinational corporations ride roughshod
a. Schlosser on McDonald's b. Bové c. Saro-Wiwa
10.4. Dueling over globalization: irresistible jugernaut or dangerous dogma, 1999
a. Friedman b. Ramonet Confronting climate change
10.5. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
a. 1990 report b. 2007 report c. 2013 preliminary report
10.6. India's "National Action Plan on Climate Change," 200810.7. International attitudes toward global warming, 2009 Human Rights Spoken Here--and Everywhere
10.8. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
10.9. Debating women's rights, 1995
a. Fourth World Conference on Women b. Vatican Press Office
10.10. Regional resistance
a. "Cairo Declaration," 1990 b. Singapore's position, 1993
10.11. Human rights and the environment, 1994

Chapter 11. Regional Diversity in a New Century
An Exceptional American Conceit
11.1. Presidential pronouncements on national identity and mission.
a. George H. W. Bush, 1991 b. Clinton, 1995
c. George W. Bush, 2002 d. Obama, 2009 e. Obama, 2010
11.2. Opinion world wide on the United States, 2012
The Middle East in Conflict
11.3. Osama bin Laden, "A Declaration of Jihad," 1996
11.4. Recep Tayyip Erdo?an on Turkey's role, 2004
11.5. Voices from Tahrir Square, 2011
11.6. Bashar al-Assad, defending the Syrian regime, 2013
11.7. Hasan Rouhani, an Iranian perspective, 2013
The BRIC Bloc
11.8. An establishment intellectual on China's rise, 2012 11.9. Vladimir Putin on Russia's revival, 201211.10. Luiz Inácio Lula Da Silva, a Brazilian view, 2009
11.11. An India establishment study, 2012 Europe Loses Its Way
11.12. Young people on dim prospects in an age of austerity, 201311.13. Making the popular case against immigration
a. British National Party brochure b. France's National Front poster
c. Germany's National Democratic Party poster
d. Italy's Northern League poster
11.14. Collective views on life in hard times, 2013