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9780131773189

World's History: Combined Volume

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780131773189

  • ISBN10:

    0131773186

  • Edition: 3rd
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2010-01-01
  • Publisher: Pearson College Div
  • View Upgraded Edition

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Summary

KEY BENEFIT: A true exploration of world history, this book links chronology, themes, and geography in eight units, or parts of study, each emphasizes a single themeorigins, cities, empires, religion, trade, migrations, revolutions, and technology.KEY TOPICS: As in the first two editions, this book focuses throughout on three major questionsWhat do we know? How do we know it? What difference does it make?but the organization has changed, giving each feature a clearer place. Rich in primary sourcesboth written and visualand in data and interpretation, it addresseshowhistorians form, debate, and revise our historical understanding of the world, shows the value of other disciplines in understanding history, and helps readers begin to assess their own place in the ongoing history of the world.MARKET: A great resource for the professional historian.

Table of Contents

Preface I-1
Introduction: The World Through Historians' Eyes 1-7(1)
Part 1 Human Origins and Human Cultures
5 million B.C.E.-1 0,000 B.C.E.
Building an Interpretive Framework: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?
2(38)
1 THE DRY BONES SPEAK
5 million B.C.E.-10,000 B.C.E.
5(38)
HUMAN ORIGINS IN MYTH AND HISTORY
5(1)
Early Myths
5(1)
The Evolutionary Explanation
7(1)
The New Challenges
9(1)
FOSSILS AND FOSSIL HUNTERS
10(1)
The Puzzling Neanderthals
10(1)
Homo erectus: A Worldwide Wanderer
12(1)
The Search Shifts to Africa
12(1)
Homo habilis
13(1)
Australopithecus afarensis
14(1)
The Debate over African Origins
15(1)
Reading the Genetic Record
18(1)
The Theory of Scientific Revolution
19(1)
HUMANS CREATE CULTURE
20(1)
Biological Evolution and Cultural Creativity
20(1)
How Do We Know? Dating Archaeological Finds
22(1)
How Did We Survive?
22(1)
Global Migration
23(1)
Increased Population and New Settlements
25(1)
How Do We Know? Man the Hunter or Woman the Gatherer?
26(1)
Changes in the Toolkit
27(1)
Language and Communication
29(1)
Cave Art and Portable Art
29(1)
Agriculture: From Hunter-gatherer to Farmer
32(1)
THE STORY OF PREHISTORY: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?
33(1)
TURNING POINT: THE AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE
36(4)
Part 2 Settling Down
10,000 B.C.E.-1000 C.E.
The First Cities and Why They Matter: Digs, Texts, and Interpretations
40(82)
2 FROM VILLAGE COMMUNITY TO CITY-STATE
10,000 B.C.E.-750 B.C.E
Food First: The Agricultural Village
43(1)
The Agricultural Village
44(2)
THE FIRST CITIES
46(2)
SUMER: THE BIRTH OF THE CITY
48(1)
THE GROWTH OF THE CITY-STATE
49(1)
Religion: The Priesthood and the City
51(1)
Occupational Specialization and Class Structure
52(1)
Arts and Invention
52(1)
Trade and Markets: Wheeled Cart and Sailboat
53(1)
Monumental Architecture and Adornment
54(1)
Writing
54(1)
How Do We Know? Decoding Sumerian Writing
56(1)
Achievements in Literature and Law
56(1)
SOURCE: The Epic of Gilgamesh
57(1)
SOURCE: The Code of Hammurabi
59(1)
How Do We Know? Some Modern Critiques of Early Urbanization
60(1)
THE FIRST CITIES: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
61(4)
3 RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS
7000 B.C.E.-750 B.C.E.
The Nile and the Indus
65(1)
EGYPT: THE GIFT OF THE NILE
65(1)
Earliest Egypt: Before the Kings
66(1)
The Written Record
67(1)
UNIFICATION AND THE RULE OF THE KINGS
68(1)
The Gods, The Unification of Egypt, and the Afterlife
69(1)
How Do We Know? Written Texts and Archaeological Excavations
69(1)
Cities of the Dead
70(1)
The Growth of Cities
71(1)
Monumental Architecture of the Old Kingdom: Pyramids and Fortresses
73(1)
The Disintegration of the Old Kingdom
76(1)
SOURCE: The Egyptian Book of the Dead and the "Negative Confession"
77(1)
The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom
77(1)
AKHETATEN, CAPITAL CITY OF KING AKHENATEN
78(1)
THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION AND ITS MYSTERIES
79(1)
The Roots of the Indus Valley Civilization
79(1)
The Design and Construction of Well-planned Cities
80(1)
Crafts and the Arts
80(1)
Carefully Planned Cities
81(1)
Questions of Interpretation
83(1)
Legacies of the Harappan Civilization
81(1)
How Do We Know? The Decline of Harappan Civilization
84(1)
THE CITIES OF THE NILE AND THE INDUS: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
84(5)
4 A POLYCENTRIC WORLD
1700 B.C.E.-1000 C.E.
Cities and States in East Asia, The Americas, and West Africa
89(1)
CHINA: THE XIA, SHANG, AND ZHOE DYNASTIES
89(1)
The Earliest Villages
89(1)
The Beginnings of State Formation
90(1)
Early Evidence of Writing
91(1)
Historical Evidence of the Xia Dynasty
92(1)
How Do We Know? Ancient China
92(1)
Similarities Among the Three Dynasties
93(1)
City and State under the Shang and Zhou
94(1)
SOURCE: The Cosmo-Magical City
94(1)
Early Royal Capitals
95(1)
Anyang: The Last Shang Capital
95(1)
The Zhou Dynasty
96(1)
THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE: MESOAMERICA AND SOUTH AMERICA
97(1)
Origins: Migration and Agriculture
98(1)
Mesoamerican Urbanization: The First Stages
98(1)
Olmec Civilization along the Gulf Coast
100(1)
Zapotec Civilization in the Oaxaca Valley
100(1)
The Urban Explosion: Teotihuacan
101(1)
Successor States in the Valley of Mexico
103(1)
The Rise and Fall of the Maya
103(1)
The Great City of Tikal
103(1)
SOURCE: The Popol Vuh
105(1)
Maya Civilization in Decline
105(1)
How Do We Know?Great-Jaguar-Paw: Mayan King of Tikal
106(1)
Urbanization in South America
106(1)
How Do We Know? The Mysteries of Maya Writing
107(1)
Coastal Settlements and Networks
107(1)
The Moche
108(1)
The Chimu
108(1)
Urbanization in the Andes Mountains
109(1)
The Chavin
109(1)
The Tiwanaku, Huari, and Nazca
109(1)
The Inca
110(1)
Agricultural Towns in North America
110(1)
WEST AFRICA: THE NIGER RIVER VALLEY
111(1)
West Africa before Urbanization
112(1)
Jenne-jeno: A New Urban Pattern?
113(1)
State Formation?
114(1)
THE FIRST CITIES: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
115(3)
TURNING POINT: FROM CITY-STATE TO EMPIRE
118(4)
Part 3 Empire and Imperialism
2000 B.C.E.-1100 C.E.
What are Empires and Why are they Important?
122(146)
5 DAWN OF THE EMPIRES
2000 B.C.E.-300 B.C.E.
Empire-building in North Africa, West Asia, and the Mediterranean
125(1)
THE MEANING OF EMPIRE
125(2)
THE EARLIEST EMPIRES
127(1)
Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent
127(1)
Sargon of Akkad
127(1)
Waves of Invaders: The Babylonians and the Hittites
128(1)
The Assyrians
129(1)
Egypt and International Conquest
131(1)
The Art of Palace and Temple
132(1)
The End of Empire
133(1)
THE PERSIAN EMPIRE
134(1)
Persian Expansion
134(1)
Imperial Policies
136(1)
Cyrus II
136(1)
Cambyses II
137(1)
Darius I
137(1)
Symbols of Power
138(1)
THE GREEK CITY-STATES
139(1)
Early City-States of the Aegean
139(1)
The Minoans
139(1)
How Do We Know? Discovering Troy and Mycenae
139(1)
The Myceneans
141(1)
THE GREEK POLIS: IMAGE AND REALITY
141(1)
Source: Homer and the Value System of Early Greece
142(1)
Athens and the Development of Democracy
143(1)
War with Persia
146(1)
Athens: from City-State to Mini-Empire
147(1)
The Golden Age of Athenian Culture
148(1)
Historians
148(1)
Philosophers
149(1)
Dramatists
149(1)
SOURCE: Socrates on the Rights of the State over the Individual
150(1)
The Limits of City-State Democracy
150(1)
The Peloponnesian War
153(1)
SOURCE: Pericles' Funeral Oration
153(1)
THE EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT
154(1)
The Conquests of Philip
154(1)
The Reign of Alexander the Great
155(1)
How Do We Know? Evaluating Alexander the Great
157(1)
The Legacy of Alexander: The Hellenistic Ecumene
157(2)
EMPIRE-BUILDING: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?
159(591)
6 ROME AND THE BARBARIANS
750
B.C.E.-500 C.E.
The Rise and Fall of Empire
163(1)
FROM HILL TOWN TO EMPIRE
163(1)
The Founding of the Roman Republic
163(1)
The Conquest of Italy
165(1)
The Conquest of Carthage and the Western Mediterranean
165(1)
Subsequent Expansion
167(1)
SOURCE: Artifactual Records
169(1)
Institutions of Empire
170(1)
Patrons and Clients
170(1)
How Do We Know? Contemporary Historians Evaluate the History of Rome
171(1)
The Roman Family
172(1)
Class and Class Conflict
172(1)
The Struggle of the Orders
173(1)
Urban Splendor and Squalor
173(1)
Attempts at Reform
174(1)
"Bread and Circuses"
175(1)
Slaves and Slave Revolts
175(1)
Military Power
176(1)
Generals in Politics
178(1)
SOURCE: The Legacy and Epitaph of August Caesar
180(1)
The End of the Republic
181(1)
How Do We Know? Roman Law: Theory and Practice
182(1)
Economic Policies of the Empire
182(1)
Supplying Rome
184(1)
Building Cities
184(1)
Luxury Trades
184(1)
Cultural Policies of the Empire
187(1)
Greco-Roman Culture
187(1)
Stoicism
188(1)
Religion in the Empire
189(1)
Christianity Triumphant
191(1)
THE BARBARIANS AND THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
191(1)
Invaders at the Gates
191(1)
How Do We Know? The "Barbarians": Chinese Sources
194(1)
The Decline and Dismemberment of the Roman Empire
194(1)
The Crisis of the Third Century
195(1)
The Fragmentation of Authority
195(1)
Causes of the Decline and Fall
196(1)
The Empire in the East
198(1)
Resurgence under Justinian
198(1)
Religious Struggles
198(1)
A Millennium of Byzantine Strength
200(1)
THE LEGACY OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?
200(5)
7 CHINA
200 B.C.E.-900 C.E.
Fracture and Unification: The Qin, Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties
205(1)
THE QIN DYNASTY
205(1)
Military Power and Mobilization
205(1)
Economic Power
207(1)
Administrative Power
207(1)
Competing Ideologies of Empire
208(1)
Confucianism
208(1)
SOURCE: Confucius and The Analects
210(1)
Legalism
211(1)
Daoism
211(1)
The Struggle between Legalism and Confucianism
213(1)
The Mandate of Heaven
214(1)
The Fall of the Qin Dynasty
214(1)
THE HAN DYNASTY
215(1)
A Confucian Bureaucracy
215(1)
SOURCE: Treatises about Women in Han Society
216(1)
Military Power and Diplomacy
216(1)
How Do We Know? The Grand Historians
217(1)
Population and Migration
218(1)
Economic Power
219(1)
Fluctuations in Administrative Power
220(1)
An Interregnum
220(1)
A Weakened Han Dynasty
221(1)
Peasant Revolt and the Fall of the Han
221(1)
DISINTEGRATION AND REUNIFICATION
222(1)
Ecology and Culture
222(1)
Buddhism Reaches China
223(1)
Reunification under the Sui and Tang Dynasties
224(1)
The Short-lived Sui Dynasty
224(1)
Arts and Technology under the Tang Dynasty
225(1)
How Do We Know? Poetry as a Source for History
229(1)
IMPERIAL CHINA
229(1)
The West and Northwest
230(1)
The South and Southwest
230(1)
Vietnam
230(1)
Korea
231(1)
Japan
232(1)
Immigration and Cultural Influences
232(2)
LEGACIES FOR THE FUTURE: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
234(7)
8 INDIAN EMPIRES
1500 B.C.E.-1100 C.E.
Cultural Cohesion in a Divided Subcontinent
241(1)
NEW ARRIVALS IN SOUTH ASIA
241(1)
The Spread of Aryan Settlement
242(1)
Written Texts
242(1)
The Vedas
242(1)
How Do We Know? Pottery and Philology
242(1)
The Mahabharata and the Ramayana
243(1)
The Establishment of States
246(1)
THE EMPIRES OF INDIA
247(1)
The Maurya Empire
247(1)
Government under the Maurya Dynasty
247(1)
SouRCE: Asoka, India's Buddhist Emperor
249(1)
Asoka, India's Buddh'st Emperor
250(1)
Successor States Divide the Empire
250(1)
The Gupta Empire
251(1)
A Golden Age of Learning
252(1)
The Resurgence of Hinduism
253(1)
INVASIONS END THE AGE OF EMPIRES
254(1)
The Hunas and their Legacy
254(1)
Regional Diversity and Power
255(1)
SOURCE: Tamil Culture in Southeast India
256(1)
How Do We Know? Coins and Excavations
257(1)
Sea Trade and Cultural Influence: From Rome to Southeast Asia
257(1)
Southeast Asia: "Greater India"
257(2)
INDIA, CHINA, AND ROME: EMPIRES AND INTERMEDIATE INSTITUTIONS
259(1)
Sources
260(1)
Administration
260(1)
International Relations
260(1)
Invasion of the Hunas
260(1)
Local Institutions and the State
261(1)
INDIAN EMPIRES: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
261(3)
TURNING POINT: POLITICS AND RELIGION
264(4)
Part 4 The Rise of World Religions
2500 B.C.E.-1500 C.E.
Not by Bread Alone: Religion in World History
268(120)
9 HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM
1500 B.C.E.-1200 C.E.
The Sacred Subcontinent: The Spread of Religion in India and Beyond
271(1)
EXAMINING RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
271(2)
HINDUISM
273(1)
The Origins of Hinduism
273(1)
Sacred Geography and Pilgrimage
274(1)
The Central Beliefs of Hinduism
275(1)
The Rigveda
275(1)
Caste
275(1)
The Brahamanas and Upanishads
278(1)
The Great Epics
279(1)
SOURCE The Bhagavad-Giza from the Mahabharata
281(1)
The Puranas
281(1)
Temples and Shrines
282(1)
Religion and Rule
283(1)
Hinduism in Southeast Asia
284(1)
How Do We Know? Hinduism in Southeast Asia
285(1)
BUDDHISM
285(1)
The Origins of Buddhism
286(1)
The Life of the Buddha
286(1)
SOURCE The Address to Sigala: Buddhism in Everyday Life
287(1)
The Sangha
287(1)
The Emergence of Mahayana Buddhism
288(1)
The Decline of Buddhism in India
290(1)
Jainism
292(1)
Buddhism in China
293(1)
Arrival in China: The Silk Route
293(1)
Relations with Daoism and Confucianism
294(1)
Buddhism under the Tang Dynasty
294(1)
SOURCE The Transience of Life: A Woman's Perspective from the Tang Dynasty
295(1)
Buddhism's Decline in China
296(1)
Buddhism in Japan
297(1)
Buddhism's Arrival in Japan
297(1)
Buddhism's Role in Unifying Japan
298(1)
Japanese Buddhism Develops New Forms
299(1)
Lasting Buddhist Elements in Japanese Society
301(1)
COMPARING HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM
301(1)
HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
302(5)
10 JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY
1700 B.C.E.-1100 C.E.
Peoples of the Bible: God's Evolution in West Asia and Europe
307(2)
JUDAISM
309(1)
The Sacred Scriptures
309(1)
Essential Beliefs of Judaism in Early Scriptures
311(1)
SOURCE: The Ten Commandments
312(1)
The Later Books of Jewish Scripture
312(1)
Rule by Judges and by Kings
313(1)
The Teachings of the Prophets: Morality and Hope
314(1)
The Evolution of the Image of God
315(1)
Patriarchy and Gender Relations
317(1)
Defeat, Exile, and Redefinition
317(1)
Minority-Majority Relations in the Diaspora
319(2)
CHRISTIANITY
321(1)
Christianity Emerges from Judaism
321(1)
How Do We Know? The Search for the Historical Jesus
323(1)
Jesus' Life, Teachings, and Disciples
324(1)
Adapting Rituals to New Purposes
324(1)
Overturning the Old Order
324(1)
SOURCE: The Beatitudes from the Sermon on the Mount
324(1)
Jesus and the Jewish Establishment
325(1)
Miracles and Resurrection
325(1)
The Growth of the Early Church
325(1)
Paul Organizes the Early Church
326(1)
The Christian Calendar
327(1)
Gender Relations
327(1)
From Persecution to Triumph
328(1)
The Conversion of Constantine
329(1)
How Had Christianity Succeeded?
329(1)
How Do We Know? Explanations for the Spread of Christianity
330(1)
Doctrine: Definition and Dispute
331(1)
Battles over Dogma
332(1)
CHRISTIANITY IN THE WAKE OF EMPIRE
332(1)
The Conversion of the Barbarians
333(1)
Decentralized Power and Monastic Life
333(1)
The Church Divides into East and West
335(1)
The Split between Rome and Constantinople
335(1)
New Areas Adopt Orthodox Christianity
336(1)
Christianity in Western Europe
336(1)
The Pope Allies with the Franks
338(1)
SOURCE Charlemagne and Harun-al-Rashid
339(1)
Charlemagne Revives the Idea of Empire
339(1)
The Attempt at Empire Fails
341(1)
EARLY CHRISTIANITY: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?
341(4)
11 ISLAM
570 c.E.-1500 C.E.
Submission to Allah: Muslim Civilization Bridges the World
345(1)
THE ORIGINS OF ISLAM
345(1)
The Prophet: His Life and Teaching
346(1)
The Five Pillars of Islam
347(1)
Responses to Muhammad
349(1)
How Do We Know? Sources on Early Islam
350(1)
The Hijra and the Islamic Calendar
350(1)
Muhammad Extends his Authority
351(1)
Connections to Other Monotheistic Faiths
351(1)
How Do We Know? Gender Relations in Islam
352(2)
SUCCESSORS TO THE PROPHET
354(1)
Civil War: Religious Conflict and the Sunni-Shi'a Division
355(1)
The Umayyad Caliphs Build an Empire
357(1)
The Third Civil War and the Abbasid Caliphs
359(1)
The Weakening of the Caliphate
359(1)
The Emergence of Quasi-independent States
359(1)
Seljuk Turks and their Sultanate
360(1)
The Mongols and the Destruction of the Caliphate
361(1)
SPIRITUAL, RELIGIOUS, AND CULTURAL FLOWERING
362(1)
Islam Reaches New Peoples
363(1)
India
363(1)
Southeast Asia
365(1)
Sub-Saharan Africa
365(1)
Law Provides an Institutional Foundation
367(1)
Sufis Provide Religious Mysticism
368(1)
The Role of Mysticism
368(1)
SOURCE: AI-Ghazzali, "the Renewer of Islam"
369(1)
Intellectual Achievements
370(1)
History
370(1)
Philosophy
371(1)
Mathematics, Astronomy, and Medicine
372(1)
The Extension of Technology
372(1)
City Design and Architecture
373(3)
RELATIONS WITH NON-MUSLIMS
376(1)
Dhimmi Status
376(1)
The Crusades
376(1)
A Golden Age in Spain
378(1)
How Do We Know? Conversion and Assimilation
379(1)
JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
380(5)
TURNING POINT: RELIGION TO TRADE
385(3)
Part 5 The Movement of Goods and Peoples
1000-1776
Channels of Communication: The Exchange of Commodities, Diseases, and Culture
388(130)
12 ESTABLISHING WORLD TRADE ROUTES
1000-1500
The Geography and Philosophies of Early
Economic Systems
391(1)
WORLD TRADE: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
391(2)
TRADE NETWORKS
393(1)
TRADE IN THE AMERICAS BEFORE 1500
394(1)
Trade in the Inca Empire
394(1)
Trade in Central America and Mexico
396(1)
TRADE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
397(1)
West Africa
397(1)
East Africa
399(1)
MUSLIM AND JEWISH TRADERS
400(1)
Jewish Traders
400(1)
Muslim Traders
401(1)
How Do We Know? The Records in the Cairo Genizah
402(1)
ASIA'S COMPLEX TRADE PATTERNS
402(1)
The Polynesians of the South Pacific
402(1)
Malay Sailors in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean
403(1)
Sailors and Merchants of the Indian Ocean
404(1)
SOURCE: The Arabian Nights
407(1)
China
408(1)
International Trade
408(1)
SOURCE: Chinese Ships in South Indian Harbors: An Account by Ibn Battuta
410(1)
Internal Trade
411(1)
SOURCE: River Trade in China
413(1)
THE MONGOLS
414(1)
The "Pax Mongolica"
414(1)
How Do We Know? The Mongol Empire
415(1)
Chinggis Khan
417(1)
The End of the Mongol Empire
419(1)
Plague and the Trade Routes
419(1)
From Mongol to Ming: Dynastic Transition
420(1)
LEGACIES TO THE PRESENT: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
421(4)
13 EUROPEAN VISIONS
1100-1776
Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections
425(1)
THE ATLANTIC
425(1)
THE DECLINE OF TRADE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
426(4)
TRADE AND SOC:IAI. CHANGE IN EUROPE
430(1)
Guilds and City-states Confront Rural Aristocrats
430(1)
Economic and Social Conflict within the City
430(1)
How Do We Know? Fernand Braudel Begins the Historical Study of Oceans
431(1)
New Directions in Philosophy and Learning
433(1)
How Do We Know? Islamic Influences on the European Renaissance
435(1)
Disasters of the Fourteenth Century: Famine, Plague, and War
436(1)
SOURCE: Giovanni Boccaccio Describes the Plague
437(1)
Social Unrest Follows the Plague
437(1)
THE RENAISSANCE
438(1)
New Artistic Styles
438(1)
Developments in Technology
440(1)
The Church Revises its Economic Policies
441(1)
A NEW WORLD
442(1)
SOURCE: The Journal of Columbus' First Voyage to the Americas
446(1)
OCEANIA
447(1)
LEGACIES TO THE FUTURE: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
447(4)
14 THE UNIFICATION OF WORLD TRADE
1500-1776
New Philosophies for New Trade Patterns
451(1)
THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE AND THE BIRTH OF CAPITALISM
451(1)
THE EMPIRES OE SPAIN AND PORTUGAL
452(1)
Spain's New World Conquests
452(1)
SOURCE: Adam Smith on Capitalism
453(1)
Making the Conquests Pay
457(1)
Merchant Profits
458(1)
Warfare and Bankruptcy
458(1)
Portugal's Empire
458(1)
Portugal in Africa
459(1)
Portugal in Brazil
460(1)
Portugal in the Indian Ocean
461(1)
Evaluating the Spanish and Portuguese Empires
461(1)
TRADE AND RELIGION IN WESTERN EUROPE: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION AND THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION
462(1)
The Reformation
462(1)
The Catholic Reformation (the Counter-Reformation)
464(1)
How Do We Know? Weber and Tawney on Religion and Capitalism
465(1)
The Dutch Republic, France, and England
466(1)
Spanish Defeats
466(1)
The Dutch Republic: Seaborne Merchant Enterprise
466(1)
SOURCE: National Joint Stock Companies: Instruments of Trade and Colonization
468(1)
France and Britain
469(1)
France: Consolidating the Nation
469(1)
Britain: Establishing Commercial Supremacy
471(1)
THE NATION-STATE
472(1)
RUSSIA'S EMPIRE UNDER PETER THE GREAT
473(3)
DIVERSE CULTURES, DIVERSE TRADE SYSTEMS
476(1)
Ottomans and Mughals
476(1)
Ming and Qing Dynasties in China
477(1)
How Do We Know? How Europe Surpassed China
Economically and Militarily
479(1)
Tokugawa Japan
480(1)
Southeast Asia
480(1)
THE INFLUENCE OF WORLD TRADE: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?
481(4)
15 MIGRATION
1300-1750
Demographic Changes in a New Global Ecumene
485(1)
THE "NEW EUROPES"
486(1)
The Columbian Exchanges of Plants, Animals, and Disease
487(1)
The Devastation of the Amerindian Population
487(1)
Benefits of the Columbian Exchanges
487(1)
North America
487(1)
The Antipodes: Australia and New Zealand, 1600-1900
490(1)
SOURCE: Captain Cook Encounters the Aboriginals of Australia
491(1)
South Africa, 1652-1902
494(1)
SLAVERY': ENFORCED MIGRATION, 1500-1750
494(1)
Reinterpreting the Slave Trade
497(1)
How Do We Know? How Many Slaves?
498(1)
ASIAN MIGRATIONS, 1300-1750
499(1)
The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1700
500(1)
India: The Mughal Empire, 1526-1707
502(1)
Akbar, Emperor of India
502(1)
Safavid Persia, 1400-1700
505(1)
China: The Ming and Manchu Dynasties, 1368-1750
507(1)
GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH AND MOVEMENT
508(1)
CITIES AND DEMOGRAPHICS
508(1)
Delhi/Shahjahanabad
509(1)
Isfahan
510(1)
SOURCE: Ibn Khaldun on Urban Life in the Fourteenth Century
510(1)
Constantinople (Istanbul)
511(1)
London
512(1)
MIGRATION AND DEMOGRAPHY: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
513(3)
TURNING POINT: AN ALBUM OF COMPARISONS
516(2)
Part 6 Social Change
1640-1914
Western Revolutions and their Influence
518(128)
16 POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS IN EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS
1649-1830
The Birth of Human Rights in the Age of Enlightenment
521(1)
POLITICAL REVOLUTION
521(2)
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
523(1)
Philosophical Rationales
523(1)
Hobbes and the "State of Nature"
524(1)
Locke and the Enlightenment
524(1)
A Theory of Government by Property Owners
524(1)
Intellectual Revolutions in Science and Philosophy
526(5)
ENGLAND'S GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, 1688
531(1)
SOURCE: Universal Suffrage vs. Property Rights
532(1)
The Bill of Rights, 1689
532(1)
The Reality of Government by Male Property Owners
533(1)
THE PHILOSOPHES AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
533(3)
REVOLUTION IN NORTH AMERICA, 1776
536(1)
The Constitution and the Bill of Rights, 1789
537(1)
The First Anti-imperial Revolution
538(1)
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON, 1789-1812
539(1)
The Origins of Revolution
540(1)
The Revolt of the Third Estate
540(1)
The Revolt of the Poor
541(1)
International War, The "Second" Revolution, and the Terror, 1791-99
542(1)
SOURCE: Olympe de Gouges, "The Rights of Women"
543(1)
How Do We Know? The Historiography of the French Revolution
544(1)
Napoleon in Power, 1799-1812
545(1)
The Napoleonic Wars and the Spread of Revolution, 1799-1812
546(1)
HAITI: St AVE REVOLUTION AND THE OVERTHROW OF COLONIALISM, 1791-1804
547(1)
The Slave Revolt
548(1)
The Anti-imperial Revolt
548(1)
THE ABOLITION OE SI.AVFRY AND THE SLAVE TRADE
548(1)
How Do We Know? Abolition: Historians Debate the Causes
549(1)
THE END OF COLONI.AI ISM IN LATIN AMERICA: INDEPENDENCE AND DISILLUSIONMENT, 1810-30
550(1)
Independence Movements
550(1)
After Independence
551(1)
Simon Bolivar and the Challenge of Unification
551(1)
Mexico
553(1)
Brazil
553(1)
Paraguay: The New Historiography
554(1)
Religious and Economic Issues
555(1)
SOURCE: An Epic Verse History of Latin America
555(1)
POIOLITICAL REVOLUTIONS: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
556(5)
17 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1700-1914
A Global Process
561(1)
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: WHAT WAS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?
561(2)
BRITAIN, 1700-1860
563(1)
A Revolution in Agriculture
563(1)
A Revolution in Textile Manufacture
565(1)
Capital Goods: Iron, Steam Engines, Railways, and Steamships
567(1)
How Do We Know? Why Did the Industrial Revolution Begin in Britain?
569(1)
SOURCE: Conflicting Images of Early Industrial Life: The English Romantic Poets
570(1)
THE SECOND STAGE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1860-1914
571(1)
New Products and New Nations
571(1)
Steel and Chemical Industries
571(1)
Electricity
571(1)
Factory Production
572(1)
Warfare and Industrialization
572(1)
The Effects of the Second Industrial Revolution Worldwide
573(1)
SOCIAL CHANGES: THE CONDITIONS OF WORKING; PEOPLE:
574(1)
Demographic Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution
574(1)
Winners and Losers in the Industrial Revolution
575(1)
Gender Relationships and the Industrial Revolution
576(3)
POLITICAL REACTION IN BRITAIN AND EUROPE, 1800-1914
579(1)
Political, Economic, and Social Reform in Britain
579(1)
Labor Organization
581(1)
Karl Marx and Theories of Worker Revolution
581(1)
Germany, 1870-1914
584(1)
The United States, 1870-1914
584(1)
France, 1870-1914
585(1)
Labor in the Non-industrialized World
586(1)
SOURCE: Tariffs, Wealth, and Poverty: Reflections on America and India by Pandita Ramabai
587(1)
NEW PATTERNS OF URBAN LIFE
588(1)
SOURCE: Diverse Perspectives
588(1)
How Do We Know? Quantifying the Conditions of Industrial Urbanization
591(1)
Urban Planning: The Middle Ground of Optimists and Pessimists
592(1)
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?
593(4)
18 NATIONALISM, IMPERIALISM, AND RESISTANCE
1650-1914
Competition among Industrial Powers
597(1)
NATIONALISM
597(1)
The French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and Nationalism
597(1)
The Periphery of Western Europe
599(1)
Italy and Germany
600(1)
How Do We Know? What is Nationalism?
603(1)
The Rise of Zionism in Europe
604(1)
THE QUEST FOR EMPIRE
604(1)
The Ottoman Empire: The "Sick Man of Europe," 1829-76
608(1)
Southeast Asia and Indonesia, 1795-1880
609(1)
India, 1858-1914
610(1)
SOURCE: "The Attack of King Industry"
612(1)
China, 1800-1914
613(1)
The Opium Wars, 1839-42 and 1856-60
614(1)
The Boxer Rebellion, 1898-1900
617(1)
AFRICA, 1652-1912
617(1)
South Africa, 1652-1910
618(1)
Egypt, 1798-1882
620(1)
Algeria, 1830-71
621(1)
Islamic Religious Revival
622(1)
A Western Orientation in West Africa
624(1)
European Explorers and the Scramble for Africa
625(1)
How Do We Know? Why did Europeans Colonize the World?
626(1)
Labor Issues: Coercion and Unionization
628(1)
GENDER RELATIONSHIP IN COLONIZATION
629(1)
ANTI-COLONIAL REVOLTS, 1857-1914
630(1)
JAPAN: FROM ISOLATION TO EQUALITY, 1867-1914
631(1)
The End of the Shogunate
632(1)
Policies of the Meiji Government
633(1)
Restructuring Government
634(1)
SOURCE: Fukuzawa Yukichi: Cultural Interpreter
634(1)
Restructuring the Economy
635(1)
Urbanization
635(1)
Cultural and Educational Change
636(1)
Gender Relations
638(1)
War, Colonialism, and Equality in the Family of Nations
638(1)
NATIONALISM AND IMPERIALISM: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
639(5)
TURNING POINT: THE OLYMPICS AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
644(2)
Part 7 Exploding Technologies
1914-91
Contested Visions of a New International Order
646(158)
19 METHODS OF MASS PRODUCTION AND DESTRUCTION
1914-37
Technological Systems
649(1)
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CREATIVITY
650(3)
GENDER RELATIONS
653(1)
URBANIZATION AND MIGRATION
654(1)
THE DOWNSIDE OF PROGRESS
654(1)
Militarized Competition among the Great Powers
654(1)
OUTSIDE EUROPE
655(1)
India
655(1)
China
656(1)
Latin America
658(1)
The Mexican Revolution, 1910-20
659(1)
The Ottoman Empire
661(2)
WORLD WAR I, 1914-18
663(1)
How Do We Know? War Experiences Subvert Colonialism
666(1)
Post-war Expectations and Results
667(1)
The Paris Peace Settlements, 1919
669(1)
The League of Nations
670(2)
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
672(1)
The Build-up to Revolution, 1914-17
672(1)
Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution
673(1)
State Planning in Soviet Russia
675(1)
Women in the Soviet Union
677(1)
POST-WAR AMERICA
678(1)
The Depression
680(1)
SOURCE: How Should We Live?
681(1)
METHODS OF PRODUCTION AND DESTRUCTION: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
682(3)
20 WORLD WAR II AND THE COLD WAR
1937-49
The World in Peril
685(1)
PORTENTS OF DISASTER
685(1)
THE CONTEST OF THE "ISMS": FASCISM AND COMMUNISM
686(1)
Italy
686(1)
Germany
687(1)
Japan
690(2)
THE DESCENT TOWARD WORLD WAR
692(1)
The Early Cost of War Technology
696(1)
WORLD WAR II
696(1)
The War in Europe, 1939-45
696(1)
The War in the Pacific, 1937-42
699(1)
Turning the Tide, 1942-5
701(1)
War in Asia and the Pacific, 1942-5
703(1)
Assessing the Results of the War
705(1)
Technology in the War
705(1)
Women and the War
706(1)
SOURCE: Women as Spoils of War: Japan's Comfort Women
707(1)
Horrors of the War
707(1)
How Do We Know? The Milgram Experiment and the "Final Solution"
709(1)
THE IMAGE OF HUMANITY
710(1)
How Do We Know? The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb
712(2)
THE UNITED NATIONS, POSTWAR RECOVERY, AND THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
714(1)
The United Nations
714(1)
SOURCE: Preamble to the Charter of the United Nations
715(1)
Resettlement
715(1)
Political Reconstruction in Japan and Germany
716(1)
Japan
717(1)
Germany
718(1)
Economic Reconstruction and the Cold War
719(1)
ENTERING THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?
720(5)
21 COLD WAR AND NEW NATIONS
1945-89
Remaking the Post-World War II World
725(1)
THE COLD WAR, 1945-89: USA VS. USSR
725(1)
The Korean War, 1950-53
728(1)
The Soviet Union after Stalin
729(1)
Nikita Khrushchev, 1953-64
729(1)
Leonid Brezhnev, 1964-82
730(1)
The American Military-Industrial Complex
731(1)
The Cuban Missile Crisis
732(1)
SOURCE: Guerrilla Warfare
734(1)
THE COLD WAR AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW NATIONS
734(1)
Africa
737(1)
Egypt
737(1)
Congo
738(1)
How Do We Know? Evaluating the Legacies of Colonialism
739(1)
Algeria
740(1)
Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea
741(2)
THE EMERGENCE OF THE THIRD WORLD
743(1)
Client States and Proxy Wars
745(1)
Latin America
746(1)
Nicaragua
747(1)
Guatemala
748(1)
Panama
748(1)
Chile
749(1)
Iran
749(2)
TERRORISM
751(1)
IN PURSUIT OF PEACE
751(1)
The United Nations: Growth and New Missions
752(1)
SOURCE: Rachel Carson's Silent Spring
753(1)
Demographics: Health, Migration, Urbanization, and the Green Revolution
754(1)
Economic Growth
756(1)
Western Europe
756(1)
Japan
757(1)
International Organization
759(1)
How Do We Know? The Social Setting of Technology
760(1)
NGOS AND TRANSNATIONALS
761(2)
LEGACIES OF THE COLD WAR, DECOLONIZATION, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
763(4)
22 CHINA AND INDIA
1914-91
Postwar Developments
767(1)
CHINA, 1925-89
768(1)
Prelude to Revolution
768(1)
Power Struggles, 1925-37
769(1)
Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang
769(1)
Mao Zedong, Peasant Revolt, and the Communist Party
771(1)
Peasant Organization and Guerrilla Warfare
772(1)
Gender Issues under Mao
773(1)
The Long March and the Communist Triumph, 1934-49
774(1)
Revolutionary Policies, 1949-69
776(1)
Implementing the Principles of the Long March, 1949-55
776(1)
"Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom," 1956-7
777(1)
How Do We Know? A Journalist-Activist Responds to The "Hundred Flowers" Campaign
778(1)
The "Great Leap Forward," 1957-69
778(1)
The Cultural Revolution, 1966-9
778(1)
Recovery, 1970-76
779(1)
International Relations
779(1)
USSR
779(1)
The United States
780(1)
East Asia
781(1)
India
781(1)
Post-Revolutionary China
781(1)
INDIA, 1914-91
782(1)
The Independence Struggle, 1914-47
782(1)
British Policies and Practices
782(1)
Gandhi's Innovations and Courage
783(1)
Gandhi Develops Satyagraha in South Africa
783(1)
SOURCE: Gandhi's First Experience with Racism in South Africa
784(1)
Gandhi Returns to India and Leads the Congress
785(1)
Hindu-Muslim Unity
786(1)
Abolition of Untouchability
786(1)
Cultural Policies
787(1)
Prohibition
787(1)
Appropriate Technology
787(1)
SOURCE: Gandhi and Labor Relations
788(1)
Congress Campaigns for Independence, 1920-22, 1930-32, 1942
789(1)
Independence, 1947
790(1)
Pakistan
790(1)
Kashmir
791(1)
Bangladesh
791(1)
Problems of the New Government of India
791(1)
Unifying and Consolidating the Nation
791(1)
Democracy and its Challenges
792(1)
Gender Issues
793(1)
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
793(1)
Legal Changes
794(1)
Social Changes
794(1)
Economic Changes
794(1)
Economic and Technological Change after Independence
795(1)
The Green Revolution
795(1)
Land Redistribution
796(1)
Family Planning, Life Expectancy, and the Condition of Children
796(1)
Industrialization and its Consequences
796(1)
How Do We Know? Technological Hazards and Questionable Accountability
797(1)
International Relations
797(1)
COMPARING CHINA AND INDIA: WHAT DIFFERENT DOES IT MAKE?
798(4)
TURNING POINT: INTO A NEW CENTURY
802(2)
Part 8 Evolving Identities
1979-present
804(78)
23 NEW PUBLIC IDENTITIES
1979-present
807(36)
POLITICAL IDENTITIES
807(1)
The Soviet Union Dissolves
807(1)
Mikhail Gorbachev, 1985-91
807(1)
SOURCE: Gorbachev at the United Nations, December 7, 1988
810(1)
Boris Yeltsin, 1991-9
811(1)
Vladimir Putin, from 2000
812(1)
European Identity
812(1)
The USA as the Lone Superpower
812(1)
SOURCE: Osama bin Laden, leader of al-Qaeda
815(1)
RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL IDENTITIES
816(1)
Hinduism and Islam in South Asia
818(1)
Confucianism
820(1)
Judaism
821(1)
Christianity
821(1)
Evangelical Christianity
823(1)
Religion in the United States
824(1)
How Do We Know? Perspectives on Religious Identity in the United States
826(1)
GLOBALIZATION: NEW ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IDENTITES
827(1)
The Internet and the World Wide Web
828(1)
How Do We Know? Evaluating Globalization
829(1)
Disparities, Disruptions, and Crises: A Cautionary Tale from Asia
830(1)
Opposition to Globalization
832(1)
The Global Criminal Economy
833(1)
Drugs
833(1)
Smuggling of Illegal Immigrants
834(1)
Trafficking in Women and Children
834(1)
Trafficking in Body Parts
834(1)
Money Laundering
834(1)
Weapons Trafficking
835(1)
Trafficking in Nuclear Materials
835(1)
Medicine, Science, and Global Ecology
836(2)
ECOLOGICAIL ISSUES
838(1)
PUBLIC IDENTITIES: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?
839(4)
24 REGIONAL IDENTITIES AND THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
843(39)
EUROPE
843(1)
Western and Central Europe
843(1)
SOURCE: The Continuing Rationale for European Integration
845(1)
Yugoslavia
846(2)
AFRICA
848(1)
South Africa
848(1)
Rwanda and Congo
852(1)
How Do We Know? South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission
853(3)
LATIN AMERICA
856(1)
Mexico
857(1)
Brazil
860(1)
CHINA AND INDIA
861(1)
China after Mao: An Era of Reform
862(1)
How Do We Know? The Force behind China's Economic Growth: Capitalism or Socialism?
863(1)
India after Congress Dominance: A Quiet Revolution in Caste and Politics
867(1)
The Mandal Commission
867(1)
Markets, the IMF, and Capitalist Economics
870(3)
ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: JEWS AND ARABS
873(1)
SOURCE: The Geneva Accords: A Non-Governmental Plan for Peace
877(5)
Glossary 882(8)
Index 890

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