World's History Vol. 2 : Since 1100

by Spodek, Howard

• ISBN13: 9780131773172
• ISBN10: 0131773178
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

KEY BENEFIT: A true exploration of world history, this book links chronology, themes, and geography in eight units, or parts of study, each emphasizes a single themeorigins, cities, empires, religion, trade, migrations, revolutions, and technology.KEY TOPICS: As in the first two editions, this book focuses throughout on three major questionsWhat do we know? How do we know it? What difference does it make?but the organization has changed, giving each feature a clearer place. Rich in primary sourcesboth written and visualand in data and interpretation, it addresseshowhistorians form, debate, and revise our historical understanding of the world, shows the value of other disciplines in understanding history, and helps readers begin to assess their own place in the ongoing history of the world.MARKET: A great resource for the professional historian.

Table of Contents

Preface	1	(6)
Introduction: The World Through Historians' Eyes	7	(378)
Turning Point: Religion to Trade	385	(3)
Part 5 The Movement of Goods and Peoples 1000--1776
Channels of Communication: The Exchange of Commodities, Diseases, and Culture	388	(3)
Establishing World Trade Routes 1000--1500
The Geography and Philosophies of Early Economic Systems	391	(1)
World Trade: An Historical Analysis	391	(2)
Trade Networks	393	(1)
Trade in the Americas Before 1500	394	(1)
Trade in the Inca Empire	394	(2)
Trade in Central America and Mexico	396	(1)
Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa	397	(1)
West Africa	397	(2)
East Africa	399	(1)
Muslim and Jewish Traders	400	(1)
Jewish Traders	400	(1)
Muslim Traders	401	(1)
How Do We Know? The Records in the Cairo Genizah	402	(1)
Asia's Complex Trade Patterns	402	(1)
The Polynesians of the South Pacific	402	(1)
Malay Sailors in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean	403	(1)
Sailors and Merchants of the Indian Ocean	404	(4)
Source: The Arabian Nights	407	(1)
China	408	(1)
International Trade	408	(3)
Source: Chinese Ships in South Indian Harbors: An Account by Ibn Battuta	410	(1)
Internal Trade	411	(3)
Source: River Trade in China	413	(1)
The Mongols	414	(1)
The ``Pax Mongolica''	414	(3)
How Do We Know? The Mongol Empire	415	(2)
Chinggis Khan	417	(2)
The End of the Mongol Empire	419	(1)
Plague and the Trade Routes	419	(1)
From Mongol to Ming: Dynastic Transition	420	(1)
Legacies to the Present: What Difference Do They Make?	421	(4)
European Visions 1100--1776
Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections	425	(1)
The Atlantic	425	(1)
The Decline of Trade in the Mediterranean	426	(4)
Trade and Social Change in Europe	430	(1)
Guilds and City-states Confront Rural Aristocrats	430	(1)
Economic and Social Conflict within the City	430	(3)
How Do We Know? Fernand Braudel Begins the Historical Study of Oceans	431	(2)
New Directions in Philosophy and Learning	433	(3)
How Do We Know? Islamic Influences on the European Renaissance	435	(1)
Disasters of the Fourteenth Century: Famine, Plague, and War	436	(1)
Source: Giovanni Boccaccio Describes the Plague	437	(1)
Social Unrest Follows the Plague	437	(1)
The Renaissance	438	(1)
New Artistic Styles	438	(2)
Developments in Technology	440	(1)
The Church Revises its Economic Policies	441	(1)
A New World	442	(5)
Source: The Journal of Columbus' First Voyage to the Americas	446	(1)
Oceania	447	(1)
Legacies to the Future: What Difference Do They Make?	447	(4)
The Unification of World Trade 1500--1776
New Philosophies for New Trade Patterns	451	(1)
The Expansion of Europe and the Birth of Capitalism	451	(1)
The Empires of Spain and Portugal	452	(1)
Spain's New World Conquests	452	(5)
Source: Adam Smith on Capitalism	453	(4)
Making the Conquests Pay	457	(1)
Merchant Profits	458	(1)
Warfare and Bankruptcy	458	(1)
Portugal's Empire	458	(1)
Portugal in Africa	459	(1)
Portugal in Brazil	460	(1)
Portugal in the Indian Ocean	461	(1)
Evaluating the Spanish and Portuguese Empires	461	(1)
Trade and Religion in Western Europe: The Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation	462	(1)
The Reformation	462	(2)
The Catholic Reformation (the Counter-Reformation)	464	(2)
How Do We Know? Weber and Tawney on Religion and Capitalism	465	(1)
The Dutch Republic, France, and England	466	(1)
Spanish Defeats	466	(1)
The Dutch Republic: Seaborne Merchant Enterprise	466	(3)
Source: National Joint Stock Companies: Instruments of Trade and Colonization	468	(1)
France and Britain	469	(1)
France: Consolidating the Nation	469	(2)
Britain: Establishing Commercial Supremacy	471	(1)
The Nation-State	472	(1)
Russia's Empire Under Peter the Great	473	(3)
Diverse Cultures, Diverse Trade Systems	476	(1)
Ottomans and Mughals	476	(1)
Ming and Qing Dynasties in China	477	(3)
How Do We Know? How Europe Surpassed China Economically and Militarily	479	(1)
Tokugawa Japan	480	(1)
Southeast Asia	480	(1)
The Influence of World Trade: What Difference Does It Make?	481	(4)
Migration 1300--1750
Demographic Changes in a New Global Ecumene	485	(1)
The ``New Europes''	486	(1)
The Columbian Exchanges of Plants, Animals, and Disease	487	(1)
The Devastation of the Amerindian Population	487	(1)
Benefits of the Columbian Exchanges	487	(1)
North America	487	(3)
The Antipodes: Australia and New Zealand, 1600--1900	490	(4)
Source: Captain Cook Encounters the Aboriginals of Australia	491	(3)
South Africa, 1652--1902	494	(1)
Slavery: Enforced Migration, 1500--1750	494	(3)
Reinterpreting the Slave Trade	497	(2)
How Do We Know? How Many Slaves?	498	(1)
Asian Migrations, 1300--1750	499	(1)
The Ottoman Empire, 1300--1700	500	(2)
India: The Mughal Empire, 1526--1707	502	(1)
Akbar, Emperor of India	502	(3)
Safavid Persia, 1400--1700	505	(2)
China: The Ming and Manchu Dynasties, 1368--1750	507	(1)
Global Population Growth and Movement	508	(1)
Cities and Demographics	508	(1)
Delhi/Shahjahanabad	509	(1)
Isfahan	510	(1)
Source: Ibn Khaldun on Urban Life in the Fourteenth Century	510	(1)
Constantinople (Istanbul)	511	(1)
London	512	(1)
Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make?	513	(3)
Turning Point: An Album of Comparisons	516	(2)
Part 6 Social Change 1640--1914
Western Revolutions and their Influence	518	(3)
Political Revolutions in Europe and the Americas 1649--1830
The Birth of Human Rights in the Age of Enlightenment	521	(1)
Political Revolution	521	(2)
Human Rights in the Age of Enlightenment	523	(1)
Philosophical Rationales	523	(1)
Hobbes and the ``State of Nature''	524	(1)
Locke and the Enlightenment	524	(1)
A Theory of Government by Property Owners	524	(2)
Intellectual Revolutions in Science and Philosophy	526	(5)
England's Glorious Revolution, 1688	531	(1)
Source: Universal Suffrage vs. Property Rights	532	(1)
The Bill of Rights, 1689	532	(1)
The Reality of Government by Male Property Owners	533	(1)
The Philosophes and the Enlightenment in the Eighteenth Century	533	(3)
Revolution in North America, 1776	536	(1)
The Constitution and the Bill of Rights, 1789	537	(1)
The First Anti-imperial Revolution	538	(1)
The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789--1812	539	(1)
The Origins of Revolution	540	(1)
The Revolt of the Third Estate	540	(1)
The Revolt of the Poor	541	(1)
International War, The ``Second'' Revolution, and the Terror, 1791--99	542	(3)
Source: Olympe de Gouges, ``The Rights of Women''	543	(1)
How Do We Know? The Historiography of the French Revolution	544	(1)
Napoleon in Power, 1799--1812	545	(1)
The Napoleonic Wars and the Spread of Revolution, 1799--1812	546	(1)
Haiti: Slave Revolution and the Overthrow of Colonialism, 1791--1804	547	(1)
The Slave Revolt	548	(1)
The Anti-imperial Revolt	548	(1)
The Abolition of Slavery and the Slave Trade	548	(2)
How Do We Know? Abolition: Historians Debate the Causes	549	(1)
The End of Colonialism in Latin America: Independence and Disillusionment, 1810--30	550	(1)
Independence Movements	550	(1)
After Independence	551	(1)
Simon Bolvar and the Challenge of Unification	551	(2)
Mexico	553	(1)
Brazil	553	(1)
Paraguay: The New Historiography	554	(1)
Religious and Economic Issues	555	(1)
Source: An Epic Verse History of Latin America	555	(1)
Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make?	556	(5)
The Industrial Revolution 1700--1914
A Global Process	561	(1)
The Industrial Revolution: What Was Its Significance?	561	(2)
Britain, 1700--1860	563	(1)
A Revolution in Agriculture	563	(2)
A Revolution in Textile Manufacture	565	(2)
Capital Goods: Iron, Steam Engines, Railways, and Steamships	567	(4)
How Do We Know? Why Did the Industrial Revolution Begin in Britain?	569	(1)
Source: Conflicting Images of Early Industrial Life: The English Romantic Poets	570	(1)
The Second Stage of Industrialization, 1860--1914	571	(1)
New Products and New Nations	571	(1)
Steel and Chemical Industries	571	(1)
Electricity	571	(1)
Factory Production	572	(1)
Warfare and Industrialization	572	(1)
The Effects of the Second Industrial Revolution Worldwide	573	(1)
Social Changes: The Conditions of Working People	574	(1)
Demographic Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution	574	(1)
Winners and Losers in the Industrial Revolution	575	(1)
Gender Relationships and the Industrial Revolution	576	(3)
Political Reaction in Britain and Europe, 1800--1914	579	(1)
Political, Economic, and Social Reform in Britain	579	(2)
Labor Organization	581	(1)
Karl Marx and Theories of Worker Revolution	581	(3)
Germany, 1870--1914	584	(1)
The United States, 1870--1914	584	(1)
France, 1870--1914	585	(1)
Labor in the Non-industrialized World	586	(2)
Source: Tariffs, Wealth, and Poverty: Reflections on America and India by Pandita Ramabai	587	(1)
New Patterns of Urban Life	588	(4)
Source: Diverse Perspectives	588	(3)
How Do We Know? Quantifying the Conditions of Industrial Urbanization	591	(1)
Urban Planning: The Middle Ground of Optimists and Pessimists	592	(1)
The Industrial Revolution: What Difference Does it Make?	593	(4)
Nationalism, Imperialism, and Resistance 1650--1914
Competition among Industrial Powers	597	(1)
Nationalism	597	(1)
The French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and Nationalism	597	(2)
The Periphery of Western Europe	599	(1)
Italy and Germany	600	(4)
How Do We Know? What is Nationalism?	603	(1)
The Rise of Zionism in Europe	604	(1)
The Quest For Empire	604	(4)
The Ottoman Empire: The ``Sick Man of Europe,'' 1829--76	608	(1)
Southeast Asia and Indonesia, 1795--1880	609	(1)
India, 1858--1914	610	(3)
Source: ``The Attack of King Industry''	612	(1)
China, 1800--1914	613	(1)
The Opium Wars, 1839--42 and 1856--60	614	(3)
The Boxer Rebellion, 1898--1900	617	(1)
Africa, 1652--1912	617	(1)
South Africa, 1652--1910	618	(2)
Egypt, 1798--1882	620	(1)
Algeria, 1830--71	621	(1)
Islamic Religious Revival	622	(2)
A Western Orientation in West Africa	624	(1)
European Explorers and the Scramble for Africa	625	(3)
How Do We Know? Why did Europeans Colonize the World?	626	(2)
Labor Issues: Coercion and Unionization	628	(1)
Gender Relationships in Colonization	629	(1)
Anti-Colonial Revolts, 1857--1914	630	(1)
Japan: From Isolation to Equality, 1867--1914	631	(1)
The End of the Shogunate	632	(1)
Policies of the Meiji Government	633	(1)
Restructuring Government	634	(1)
Source: Fukuzawa Yukichi: Cultural Interpreter	634	(1)
Restructuring the Economy	635	(1)
Urbanization	635	(1)
Cultural and Educational Change	636	(2)
Gender Relations	638	(1)
War, Colonialism, and Equality in the Family of Nations	638	(1)
Nationalism and Imperialism: What Difference Do They Make?	639	(5)
Turning Point: The Olympics and International Politics	644	(2)
Part 7 Exploding Technologies 1914--91
Contested Visions of a New International Order	646	(3)
Methods of Mass Production and Destruction 1914--37
Technological Systems	649	(1)
Scientific and Technological Creativity	650	(3)
Gender Relations	653	(1)
Urbanization and Migration	654	(1)
The Downside of Progress	654	(1)
Militarized Competition among the Great Powers	654	(1)
Outside Europe	655	(1)
India	655	(1)
China	656	(2)
Latin America	658	(1)
The Mexican Revolution, 1910--20	659	(2)
The Ottoman Empire	661	(2)
World War I, 1914--18	663	(4)
How Do We Know? War Experiences Subvert Colonialism	666	(1)
Post-war Expectations and Results	667	(2)
The Paris Peace Settlements, 1919	669	(1)
The League of Nations	670	(2)
The Russian Revolution	672	(1)
The Build-up to Revolution, 1914--17	672	(1)
Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution	673	(2)
State Planning in Soviet Russia	675	(2)
Women in the Soviet Union	677	(1)
Post-War America	678	(2)
The Depression	680	(2)
Source: How Should We Live?	681	(1)
Methods of Production and Destruction: What Difference Do They Make?	682	(3)
World War II and the Cold War 1937--49
The World in Peril	685	(1)
Portents of Disaster	685	(1)
The Contest of the ``Isms'': Fascism and Communism	686	(1)
Italy	686	(1)
Germany	687	(3)
Japan	690	(2)
The Descent Toward World War	692	(4)
The Early Cost of War Technology	696	(1)
World War II	696	(1)
The War in Europe, 1939--45	696	(3)
The War in the Pacific, 1937--42	699	(2)
Turning the Tide, 1942--5	701	(2)
War in Asia and the Pacific, 1942--5	703	(2)
Assessing the Results of the War	705	(1)
Technology in the War	705	(1)
Women and the War	706	(1)
Source: Women as Spoils of War: Japan's Comfort Women	707	(1)
Horrors of the War	707	(3)
How Do We Know? The Milgram Experiment and the ``Final Solution''	709	(1)
The Image of Humanity	710	(4)
How Do We Know? The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb	712	(2)
The United Nations, Postwar Recovery, and the Origins of the Cold War	714	(1)
The United Nations	714	(1)
Source: Preamble to the Charter of the United Nations	715	(1)
Resettlement	715	(1)
Political Reconstruction in Japan and Germany	716	(1)
Japan	717	(1)
Germany	718	(1)
Economic Reconstruction and the Cold War	719	(1)
Entering the Second Half of the 20th Century: What Difference Does It Make?	720	(5)
Cold War and New Nations 1945--89
Remaking the Post-World War II World	725	(1)
The Cold War, 1945--89: USA Vs. USSR	725	(3)
The Korean War, 1950--53	728	(1)
The Soviet Union, after Stalin	729	(1)
Nikita Khrushchev, 1953--64	729	(1)
Leonid Brezhnev, 1964--82	730	(1)
The American Military-Industrial Complex	731	(1)
The Cuban Missile Crisis	732	(2)
Source: Guerrilla Warfare	734	(1)
The Cold War and the Emergence of New Nations	734	(3)
Africa	737	(1)
Egypt	737	(1)
Congo	738	(2)
How Do We Know? Evaluating the Legacies of Colonialism	739	(1)
Algeria	740	(1)
Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea	741	(2)
The Emergence of the Third World	743	(2)
Client States and Proxy Wars	745	(1)
Latin America	746	(1)
Nicaragua	747	(1)
Guatemala	748	(1)
Panama	748	(1)
Chile	749	(1)
Iran	749	(2)
Terrorism	751	(1)
In Pursuit of Peace	751	(1)
The United Nations: Growth and New Missions	752	(2)
Source: Rachel Carson's Silent Spring	753	(1)
Demographics: Health, Migration, Urbanization, and the Green Revolution	754	(2)
Economic Growth	756	(1)
Western Europe	756	(3)
Japan	759	(1)
International Organization	759	(2)
How Do We Know? The Social Setting of Technology	760	(1)
Ngos and Transnationals	761	(2)
Legacies of the Cold War, Decolonization, Economic and Social Development: What Difference Do They Make?	763	(4)
China and India 1914--91
Postwar Developments	767	(1)
China, 1925--89	768	(1)
Prelude to Revolution	768	(1)
Power Struggles, 1925--37	769	(1)
Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang	769	(2)
Mao Zedong, Peasant Revolt, and the Communist Party	771	(1)
Peasant Organization and Guerrilla Warfare	772	(1)
Gender Issues under Mao	773	(1)
The Long March and the Communist Triumph, 1934--49	774	(2)
Revolutionary Policies, 1949--69	776	(1)
Implementing the Principles of the Long March, 1949--55	776	(1)
``Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom,'' 1956--7	777	(1)
How Do We Know? A Journalist--Activist Responds to the ``Hundred Flowers'' Campaign	778	(1)
The ``Great Leap Forward,'' 1957--69	778	(1)
The Cultural Revolution, 1966--9	778	(1)
Recovery, 1970--76	779	(1)
International Relations	779	(1)
USSR	779	(1)
The United States	780	(1)
East Asia	781	(1)
India	781	(1)
Post-Revolutionary China	781	(1)
India, 1914--91	782	(1)
The Independence Struggle, 1914--47	782	(1)
British Policies and Practices	782	(1)
Gandhi's Innovations and Courage	783	(1)
Gandhi Develops Satyagraha in South Africa	783	(2)
Source: Gandhi's First Experience with Racism in South Africa	784	(1)
Gandhi Returns to India and Leads the Congress	785	(1)
Hindu--Muslim Unity	786	(1)
Abolition of Untouchability	786	(1)
Cultural Policies	787	(1)
Prohibition	787	(1)
Appropriate Technology	787	(2)
Source: Gandhi and Labor Relations	788	(1)
Congress Campaigns for Independence, 1920--22, 1930--32, 1942	789	(1)
Independence, 1947	790	(1)
Pakistan	790	(1)
Kashmir	791	(1)
Bangladesh	791	(1)
Problems of the New Government of India	791	(1)
Unifying and Consolidating the Nation	791	(1)
Democracy and its Challenges	792	(1)
Gender Issues	793	(1)
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi	793	(1)
Legal Changes	794	(1)
Social Changes	794	(1)
Economic Changes	794	(1)
Economic and Technological Change after Independence	795	(1)
The Green Revolution	795	(1)
Land Redistribution	796	(1)
Family Planning, Life Expectancy, and the Condition of Children	796	(1)
Industrialization and its Consequences	796	(1)
How Do We Know? Technological Hazards and Questionable Accountability	797	(1)
International Relations	797	(1)
Comparing China and India: What Difference Does It Make?	798	(4)
Turning Point: Into a New Century	802	(2)
Part 8 Evolving Identities 1979-present	804	(78)
New Public Identities 1979--present	807	(36)
Political Identities	807	(1)
The Soviet Union Dissolves	807	(1)
Mikhail Gorbachev, 1985--91	807	(4)
Source: Gorbachev at the United Nations, December 7, 1988	810	(1)
Boris Yeltsin, 1991--9	811	(1)
Vladimir Putin, from 2000	812	(1)
European Identity	812	(1)
The USA as the Lone Superpower	812	(4)
Source: Osama bin Laden, Leader of al-Qaeda	815	(1)
Religious and Cultural Identities	816	(2)
Hinduism and Islam in South Asia	818	(2)
Confucianism	820	(1)
Judaism	821	(1)
Christianity	821	(2)
Evangelical Christianity	823	(1)
Religion in the United States	824	(3)
How Do We Know? Perspectives on Religious Identity in the United States	826	(1)
Globalization: New Economic and Cultural Identities	827	(1)
The Internet and the World Wide Web	828	(2)
How Do We Know? Evaluating Globalization	829	(1)
Disparities, Disruptions, and Crises: A Cautionary Tale from Asia	830	(2)
Opposition to Globalization	832	(1)
The Global Criminal Economy	833	(1)
Drugs	833	(1)
Smuggling of Illegal Immigrants	834	(1)
Trafficking in Women and Children	834	(1)
Trafficking in Body Parts	834	(1)
Money Laundering	834	(1)
Weapons Trafficking	835	(1)
Trafficking in Nuclear Materials	835	(1)
Medicine, Science, and Global Ecology	836	(2)
Ecological Issues	838	(1)
Public Identities: What Difference Do They Make?	839	(4)
Regional Identities and the Twenty-First Century	843	(39)
Europe	843	(1)
Western and Central Europe	843	(3)
Source: The Continuing Rationale for European Integration	845	(1)
Yugoslavia	846	(2)
Africa	848	(1)
South Africa	848	(4)
Rwanda and Congo	852	(4)
How Do We Know? South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission	853	(3)
Latin America	856	(1)
Mexico	857	(3)
Brazil	860	(1)
China and India	861	(1)
China after Mao: An Era of Reform	862	(5)
How Do We Know? The Force behind China's Economic Growth: Capitalism or Socialism?	863	(4)
India after Congress Dominance: A Quiet Revolution in Caste and Politics	867	(1)
The Mandal Commission	867	(3)
Markets, the IMF, and Capitalist Economics	870	(3)
Israel and Palestine: Jews and Arabs	873	(9)
Source: The Geneva Accords: A Non-Governmental Plan for Peace	877	(5)
Glossary	882	(4)
Index	886