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GLOBAL TRADE: THE BEGINNING OF THE MODERN WORLD (1300—1700)
Trade, Traders, Disease, and Migration
CHAPTER 12
Establishing World Trade Routes: The Geography and Philosophies of Early Economic Systems
1300–1500
World Trade: A Historical Analysis
Trade in the Americas Before 1500
The Inca Empire
Central America and Mexico
Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa
West Africa
East Africa
Asia ’s Complex Trade Patterns
The South Pacific
The South China Sea
The Indian Ocean
Arab Traders
Islam Spreads
China : A Magnet for Traders
International Trade
The Voyages of Zheng He
Internal Trade
Central Asia : The Mongols and the Silk Routes
Intercontinental Trade Flourishes
Chinggis Khan
The End of the Mongol Empire
From Mongol to Ming: Dynastic Transition
World Trade Routes Before Columbus: What Difference Do They Make?
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
The Opening of the Atlantic and the Pacific: Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections
1300—1500
Economic and Social Changes in Europe
Workers and the Landed Gentry
Textiles and Social Conflict
Business and the Church
Plague and Social Unrest
The Renaissance
The Roots of the Renaissance
Christian Scholars
Universities
Humanism
New Artistic Styles
Developments in Technology
A New World
The Early Explorers, 800—1000
Down Africa’s Atlantic Coast
Crossing the Atlantic
Crossing the Pacific
Legacies to the Future:What Difference Do They Make?
CHAPTER 14
The Unification of World Trade: New Philosophies for New Trade Patterns
1500–1776
The Birth of Capitalism
The Empires of Spain and Portugal
Spain’s New World Conquests
Why the Inca and Aztec Empires Fell
Making the Conquests Pay
Merchant Profits
Warfare and Bankruptcy
Portugal’s Empire
The Portuguese in Africa
The Portuguese in Brazil
The Portuguese in the Indian Ocean
The Spanish and the Portuguese Empires: An Evaluation
Trade and Religion in Western Europe
The Protestant Reformation
The Counter-Reformation
Spanish Defeats
The Dutch Republic: Seaborne Merchant Enterprise
France: A Nation Consolidated
Britain: Establishing Commercial Supremacy
The Nation-state
Diverse Cultures, Diverse Trade Systems
Russia’s Empire under Peter the Great
Ottomans and Mughals
Ming and Qing Dynasties in China
Tokugawa Japan
Southeast Asia
The Influence of World Trade: What Difference Does It Make?
CHAPTER 15
Migration: Demographic Changes in a New Global World
1300—1750
The “New Europes”
The Columbian Exchange
The Devastation of the Amerindian Population
Benefits of the Columbian Exchanges
North America
The Antipodes: Australia and New Zealand, 1600—1900
South Africa, 1652—1820
Russian Expansion
Slavery: Enforced Migration, 1500—1750
The Plantation Economy
The Slave Trade Reinterpreted
Asian Migrations, 1300—1750
The Ottoman Empire, 1300—1700
India: The Mughal Empire, 1526—1707
Akbar, Emperor of India
Safavid Persia, 1400—1700
China: The Ming and Manchu Dynasties, 1368—1750
Global Population Growth and Movement
Cities and Demographics
Delhi/Shahjahanabad
Isfahan
Constantinople (Istanbul)
London
Migration and Demography:What Difference Do They Make?
TURNING POINT: Comparisons Across Time
PART SIX
SOCIAL CHANGE (1640—1914)
Western Revolutions and their Influence
CHAPTER 16
Political Revolutions in Europe and the Americas: The Birth of Political Rights in the Age of Enlightenment
1649–1830
The Scientific Revolution
Advancements in Science
A Community of Scientists
Nicholas Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
William Harvey, Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, Carolus Linnaeus
Human Rights: Philosophical Rationales
Hobbes and Limits on Power
The “State of Nature”
Locke and the Right of Revolution
Locke, Hobbes, and Property
Civil War and Revolution in England, 1642–51
Civil War, 1642–51
The Glorious Revolution, 1688
The Bill of Rights
The Enlightenment
The Philosophes
Charles de Secordat, baron de Montesquieu
Denis Diderot’s Encyclopedia
Voltaire
“Enlightened Despotism”
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Adam Smith
Revolution in North America, 1776
The Constitution and the Bill of Rights, 1789
The First Anti-imperial Revolution
The “Other”
The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789–1812
From Protests to Revolution, 1789–91
The Revolt of the Poor
International war, the “Second” Revolution, and the Terror, 1791–99
Napoleon in Power, 1799–1812
The Napoleonic Wars and the Spread of Revolution, 1799–1812
Haiti : Slave Revolution and the Overthrow of Colonialism, 1791–1804
The Slave Revolt
The Anti-imperial Revolt, 1804
Britain Abolishes the Slave Trade, 1807
Independence and Disillusionment in Latin America, 1810–30
Independence Movements
Simón Bolívar
Mexico
Brazil
After Independence: Religious and Economic Issues
Political Revolutions:What Difference Do They Make?
CHAPTER 17
The Industrial Revolution: A Global Process
1700—1914
The Industrial Revolution in Britain,1700—1860
A Revolution in Agriculture
A Revolution in Textile Manufacture
The Iron Industry
Industrialization–Stage Two, 1860—1914
The Steel and Chemical Industries
Electrical Inventions
New Products and New Producers
Worldwide Effects of the Second Stage
Industrial Society
Population Growth and the Industrial Revolution
Winners and Losers in the Industrial Revolution
Redefining Gender
Economic and Political Reform
Women’s Suffrage
Labor Movements and Socialism
Karl Marx and the Workers’ Revolution
Labor Organizations
Austria and Germany
France
The United States
Workers in the Nonindustrialized World
Indentured Labor
New Patterns of Urban Life
The Nature of the City
Living in the City
Urban Planning
The Industrial Revolution: What Difference Does It Make?
CHAPTER 18
Nationalism, Imperialism, and Resistance: Competition among Industrial Powers
1650–1914
Nationalism
Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire American Nationalism
The New Nations of Italy and Germany
The Rise of Zionism in Europe
Failed Nationalisms and Delayed Nationalisms
The Disappearance of Poland
Africa, West and East: The Rise and Fall of States
Egyptian Loss of Independence
The European Quest for Empire
The British in India
The Company in Charge
Indian Industry
British Imperial Rule
The British in Burma, Malaya, and Singapore
Europeans in China, 1800–1914
The Opium Wars
The Taiping Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion
The French in Algeria and Southeast Asia
The Dutch in Indonesia
European Competition and Cooperation: Empire-building in Africa
The Competition for South Africa
Sierra Leone and Liberia: Havens for Former Slaves
Cooperation among Africans and Europeans
The Scramble for Africa
The Berlin Conference
Europeans and Labor Relations in Africa
Gender Relationships in Colonization
Anticolonial Revolts
Japan : From Isolation to Equality
The End of the Shogunate
The Meiji Restoration
Restructuring Government
Restructuring the Economy
Cultural and Educational Changes
Gender Relations
Equality in the Family of Nations
Nationalism and Imperialism:What Difference Do They Make?
TURNING POINT: The Olympics and International Politics
PART SEVEN: EXPLODING TECHNOLOGIES (1914—1991)
Contested Visions of a New International Order
CHAPTER 19
Methods of Mass Production and Destruction: Technological Systems
1914–1937
Technology in the Twentieth Century
Transportation and Communication
Urban Life
Technology and Gender Relations
Scientific Research and Development
Albert Einstein
The Downside of Progress
Fritz Haber
International Role Reversals
India
China
Latin America
The Mexican Revolution, 1910–20
The Ottoman Empire
World War I
War: A Stalemate from the Start
Postwar Expectations and Results
The Paris Peace Settlements
The League of Nations
Colonies Disappointed
The Russian Revolution
The Build-up to Revolution
Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution
State Planning in Soviet Russia
Women in the Soviet Union
Postwar America
Worldwide Depression
Methods of Production and Destruction: What Difference Do They Make?
CHAPTER 20
World War II: To Hell and Back
1937—1949
The Rise of Fascism
Fascism in Italy
Hitler Rises in Germany
Japan Between the Wars
Optimism Revives, Temporarily The Descent Toward War
The Steps to War
The Spanish Civil War
Japan Invades China
Hitler’s Early Conquests
World War II, 1939—45
The War in Europe
The War in the Pacific, 1937—42
Turning the Tide
The War in the Pacific, 1942—45
Assessing the War
War and Technology
The Mobilization of Women
The War’s Horrors
The Holocaust
The A-Bomb
The Tortured Image of Humanity
Out of the Rubble: The United Nations and Resettlement
The United Nations
Postwar Resettlement
Remembering the War
The Nuremberg Trials
Memorial Museums and Exhibitions
The Terror House
Memorials to Hiroshima
Remembering the Holocaust
Two World Wars: What Difference Do They Make?
CHAPTER 21
Cold War, New Nations, and Revolt Against Authority
Remaking the Post-World War II World:1945–1991
The Cold War: U.S. vs. USSR
The Cold War in Europe
The Tail Wags the Dog: Client States Draw the Superpowers to War
The Korean War, 1950–53
The Cold War and U.S. Domestic Politics
McCarthyism and the Red Scare
The Military–Industrial Complex
The Soviet Union and the Cold War
Alexander Solzhenitsyn: Reporting on the Gulag
The USSR under Khrushchev
The “kitchen debate”
Confrontations in Cuba, 1961–62
The Brezhnev Doctrine
The Mice that Roared: Debacles in Vietnam and Afghanistan
The United States and the Vietnam War
The USSR in Afghanistan
1968: Revolt Against Authority
The Cold War and the Emergence of New Nations
The Middle East Breaks Free
Asian Nations Declare Independence
African Struggles for Independence
Egypt
Congo
Algeria
Mozambique , Angola, and Guinea-Bissau
The Emergence of the Third World
Third-World Countries Organize
Client States and Proxy Wars
Nicaragua
Guatemala
Chile
The End of the Cold War: The Soviet Union
Dissolves
The Soviet Union’s Alternative Model
Gorbachev’s Reforms, 1985–91
Yeltsin Crushes the Coup
Pursuing Peace through Negotiation
Toward a Unified Europe
Japan’s Recovery
The UN: Growth and New Missions
NGOs and Transnational Organizations
1968: Revolt against Authority
Legacies of the Cold War, Decolonization,
Economic and Social Development:What Difference Do They Make?
CHAPTER 22
China and India: Into the Twenty-First Century
China and India: A Comparison
China ’s Revolutions
Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang
Mao Zedong and Peasant Revolt
Gender Issues in the Revolution
The Long March and the Communist Triumph
The Yan’an Soviet
Cooperation with the GMD
The GMD Retreats to Taiwan
The People’s Republic of China
Revolutionary Policies
“Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom”
The Great Leap Forward
The Cultural Revolution
Recovery
Women in the People’s Republic of China
China’s International Relations
The United States
China ’s Neighbors
India
Postrevolutionary China
India ’s Struggle for Independence
First Steps Toward Self Rule
Mohandas Gandhi and Civil Disobedience
Gandi Develops Satyagraha in South Africa
Gandhi and the Independence Movement
Cultural Policies
Congress Campaigns for Independence
Gandhi’s Leadership
Independence and Muslim Interests
Independence and Partition
Hindu—Muslim Separation/Partition
Unifying the Nation
Democracy and its Challenges
Indian Politics
Indira Gandhi
Gender Issues
Legal Changes
Social Changes
Economic Changes
Economic and Technological Development
Revolutions in Agriculture
Challenges of Population and Poverty
Industrialization and its Consequences
International Relations
Comparing China and India:What Difference
Does It Make?
TURNING POINT: From Past to Present to Future
PART EIGHT
THE USEFULNESS OF HISTORY
Understanding the Present in the Light of the Past
Chapter 23
CONTEMPORARY HISTORY: EVOLUTION, SETTLEMENTS, AND RELIGION
On Evolution
The DNA Code and its Discoveries
Cloning and Genetic Engineering
The Evolution of Diseases
Gender Relationships
Gay Rights
On Settlements
The Growth of Cities
A Single Global System
Systems of Cities
Cities as Systems
The Impact of Immigration
The Rise of the Urban Slum
Global Research and Planning
On Politics and Empire
The Former Soviet Union
The United States Stands Alone
Terrorism
The Unification of Europe
China: An Emerging Superpower?
Poverty
The Environment
Corruption
The Road to Democracy
On Religion
Theocracy in Iran
Islamic Militants in Afghanistan
Islam, Secularism, and Christianity
Religious Strife in Yugoslavia
Hinduism and Islam in India
Buddhists in Tibet
Judaism
Christianity
Roman Catholicism
Evangelical Christianity
Religion in the United States
The Thematic Approach: What Difference
Does It Make?
CHAPTER 24
CONTEMPORARY HISTORY: TRADE, SOCIAL REVOLUTION, TECHNOLOGY, IDENTITY
On Trade
The Institutions of Globalization
The Internet, the World Wide Web, and Containerization
Evaluating Globalization
Setting Goals for Globalization
Hazards in the Trade System
On Social Revolution
Nationalism
The Palestinian–Israeli Conflict
Commerce, Business, and National Borders
Gender Issues
Racial Equality
Apartheid in South Africa
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
India ’s Social Revolution: The Mandal Commission
America Elects an African-American President
Migration
United States
Europe
Refugees
Rural–Urban Migration Cultural Expression
On Technology
Nanotechnology
Ecological Technology
On Identity: What Difference Does It Make?
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