Writer’s Resources From Paragraph to Essay

by Robitaille, Julie; Connelly, Robert

• ISBN13: 9780155049956
• ISBN10: 015504995X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-06-05
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Using four student peers who share their work throughout the book and an accompanying CD-ROM, this worktext provides resources to help students develop their own writer's voice.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
About the Text	xix
Organization	xx
Getting Started	xx
The Writing Process	xx
The Structure of the Paragraph	xxi
The Structure of the Essay	xxi
Rhetorical Patterns	xxi
Writing Elements and Skills	xxii
Readings	xxiii
Features	xxiii
Student Models	xxiii
Focus on Writing Process	xxiii
Transition from Paragraph to Essay	xxiii
Flexibility	xxiii
Supplements	xxiv
Writer's Resources CD-ROM	xxiv
Writer's Resources On-line Testing Program	xxiv
Instructors' Manual	xxiv
Acknowledgements	xxv
About the Authors	xxv
To the Student	xxvi
Part I: Getting Started	1	(28)
Finding Your Voice	3	(12)
Why Write?	3	(2)
Spotlight on People	5	(1)
Shoshana Nisbet	5	(1)
Make Yourself Heard	5	(1)
Voice	6	(1)
What Is Voice?	6	(1)
Developing Voice	6	(1)
Meet the Peers	7	(8)
Using Journals	15	(14)
What Is a Writer's Journal?	15	(1)
Related Readings	16	(1)
Professional Journals	17	(7)
Suggested Journal Topics	24	(1)
What Is a Reader's Journal?	25	(4)
Questions to Ask about Readings	25	(1)
Peer Reader's Journal Selections	26	(3)
Part II: The Writing Process	29	(64)
Introduction	30	(3)
Writing in Class	31	(2)
First Steps	33	(20)
Understanding the Assignment	33	(1)
Narrowing the Topic	34	(3)
Using a Narrowing Tree	34	(1)
Brainstorming	35	(2)
Determining the Writing Context	37	(6)
Purpose	37	(1)
Audience	38	(3)
Tone	41	(2)
Formulating a Main Idea	43	(2)
Generating Supporting Ideas	45	(8)
Brainstorming	45	(3)
Freewriting	48	(1)
Listing	49	(1)
Clustering	49	(1)
Dividing	50	(3)
Writing a Paragraph	53	(18)
Stating the Main Idea	53	(1)
Turning a Discussion Question into a Topic Sentence	54	(1)
Organizing Supporting Ideas	54	(4)
Mapping	54	(2)
Outlining	56	(2)
Drafting	58	(1)
Revising	59	(5)
Peer Feedback	60	(1)
Instructor Feedback	61	(1)
Self-Evaluation	62	(2)
Editing	64	(5)
Getting the Paragraph Back	69	(2)
Writing an Essay	71	(22)
Stating the Main Idea	71	(1)
Outlining the Essay	72	(5)
Using Outline Form	72	(3)
Creating an Outline	75	(1)
Generating More Ideas	76	(1)
Drafting	77	(2)
Drafting Body Paragraphs	77	(1)
Drafting the Introduction	77	(1)
Drafting the Conclusion	78	(1)
Revising	79	(7)
Peer Feedback	80	(2)
Instructor Feedback	82	(1)
Self-Evaluation	82	(4)
Editing	86	(5)
Getting the Essay Back	91	(2)
Part III: The Structure of the Paragraph	93	(22)
The Paragraph	95	(20)
The Paragraph's Structure	95	(1)
The Topic Sentence	96	(5)
Statement of Opinion	97	(1)
Focus	98	(1)
Placement	99	(1)
Generating a Topic Sentence	100	(1)
Support	101	(12)
Specific Detail	102	(1)
Relation to Topic Sentence	102	(1)
Unity	103	(2)
Building Strong Support Using a Map or an Outline	105	(2)
Coherence	107	(1)
Organization of Supports	108	(5)
The Conclusion	113	(1)
The Title	113	(2)
Part IV: The Structure of the Essay	115	(26)
The Essay	117	(24)
From Paragraph to Essay	118	(2)
The Introduction	120	(5)
The Attention-Getter and Background Information	121	(2)
Appeal to Audience	123	(1)
Length and Placement	124	(1)
Thesis	125	(1)
Blueprinted Thesis	125	(1)
Body Paragraphs	126	(7)
The Conclusions in Body Paragraphs	128	(1)
Transitions	129	(1)
Number	130	(1)
Order	130	(3)
Conclusion	133	(1)
Length	134	(1)
The Title	134	(7)
Part V: Rhetorical Patterns	141	(126)
Introduction	142	(1)
Description	143	(16)
Examples of Description	143	(2)
Description of a Person	143	(1)
Description of a Place	144	(1)
Description of an Object	144	(1)
How Is a Description Organized?	145	(1)
Sample Thesis Statements for Description	146	(1)
Transitional Devices for Description	147	(1)
Tips on Planning a Description	147	(12)
Describing a Person	150	(4)
Describing a Place	154	(2)
Describing an Object	156	(3)
Narration	159	(12)
Examples of Narration	159	(3)
How Is Narration Organized?	162	(2)
Sample Thesis Statement for Narration	164	(1)
Transitions	165	(1)
Tips on Planning a Narration	165	(6)
Illustration or Example	171	(10)
Examples of Illustration or Example	171	(2)
How Is Example Organized?	173	(2)
Sample Thesis Statements for Example or Illustration	175	(1)
Transitions	175	(1)
Tips on Planning an Example or Illustration	176	(5)
Process Analysis	181	(8)
Examples of Process Analysis	181	(2)
How Is Process Analysis Organized?	183	(1)
Sample Thesis Statements	184	(1)
Transitions	185	(1)
Tips for Planning a Process Analysis	185	(4)
Cause and Effect	189	(10)
Examples of Cause and Effect	189	(1)
How Is Cause and Effect Organized?	190	(2)
Sample Thesis Statements for Cause and Effect	192	(1)
Transitions	192	(1)
Tips on Planning Cause or Effect	193	(6)
Comparison and Contrast	199	(16)
Examples of Comparison/Contrast	199	(3)
How Is Comparison/Contrast Organized?	202	(2)
Sample Thesis Statements	204	(2)
Transitional Devices for Comparison/Contrast	206	(1)
Tips for Planning Comparison/Contrast	207	(8)
Definition	215	(10)
Examples of Definition	215	(2)
How Is Definition Organized?	217	(2)
Sample Thesis Statements for Definition	219	(1)
Transitions	219	(1)
Tips on Planning a Definition	219	(6)
Classification	225	(10)
Examples of Classification	225	(3)
How Is Classification Organized?	228	(1)
Sample Thesis Statements for Classification	228	(2)
Transitions	230	(1)
Tips on Planning Classification	230	(5)
Summary	235	(12)
Examples of Summary	235	(3)
How Is a Summary Organized?	238	(3)
Sample Thesis Statements for Summary	241	(1)
Common Transitions for Summary	241	(1)
Tips on Planning a Summary	242	(5)
Analysis and Division	247	(10)
Examples of Analysis and Division	248	(1)
How Are Analysis and Division Organized?	249	(1)
Sample Thesis Statements for Analysis and Division	250	(1)
Analysis	250	(1)
Division	251	(1)
Transitions	251	(1)
Tips on Analysis or Division	252	(5)
Analysis	252	(1)
Division	252	(5)
Persuasion	257	(10)
Examples of Persuasion	257	(3)
How Is Persuasion Organized?	260	(2)
Sample Thesis Statements for Persuasion	262	(1)
Transitions	262	(1)
Tips on Planning Persuasion	263	(4)
Part VI: Writing Elements and Skills	267	(192)
Introduction	268	(1)
Parts of Speech	269	(12)
Nouns	269	(1)
Pronouns	270	(4)
Verbs	274	(2)
Prepositions	276	(1)
Adjectives	277	(1)
Adverbs	278	(1)
Conjunctions	278	(1)
Interjections	279	(2)
Spelling	281	(6)
Common Rules for Spelling	281	(2)
Rule 1	281	(1)
Rule 2	282	(1)
Rule 3	282	(1)
Rule 4	283	(1)
Frequently Misspelled Words	283	(3)
List 1: Everyday Words	284	(1)
List 2: Academic Words	285	(1)
Some Other Easy Ways to Improve Your Spelling	286	(1)
Problem Words	287	(12)
List 1	287	(5)
List 2	292	(7)
Capitalization	299	(4)
Sentence Beginnings	299	(1)
Proper Nouns	299	(1)
People	299	(1)
Places	300	(1)
Things	300	(2)
Quotes	302	(1)
Word Choice	303	(18)
Clear Language	304	(9)
Abstract and Concrete Words	304	(1)
General and Specific Words	305	(1)
Vivid Adjectives	306	(1)
Comma Usage with Adjectives	306	(1)
Specific Verbs	307	(2)
Colorful Adverbs	309	(2)
Denotation	311	(1)
Connotation	312	(1)
Writing Style	313	(8)
Appeal to the Senses	313	(1)
Figurative Language	313	(1)
Appropriate Vocabulary	314	(2)
Pitfall 1: Unfamiliar Synonyms	316	(1)
Pitfall 2: Slang	317	(1)
Pitfall 3: Cliches	317	(1)
Pitfall 4: Wordiness	318	(3)
Identifying Subjects and Verbs	321	(6)
Subjects	321	(3)
Finding the Subject	321	(1)
Problems with Identifying the Subject	322	(2)
Verbs	324	(3)
Finding the Verb	324	(1)
Problems with Identifying the Verb	325	(2)
Subject-Verb Agreement	327	(8)
Subject-Verb Agreement Rules	327	(1)
Problem Subjects	328	(3)
Indefinite Pronouns	328	(1)
Singular or Plural Words	329	(1)
Collective Nouns	329	(1)
Fields of Study	330	(1)
Compound Subjects	330	(1)
Gerunds	330	(1)
Problem Verbs	331	(1)
Irregular Verbs	331	(1)
Problem Sentence Structures	332	(3)
Prepositions	332	(1)
Reversed Order	332	(1)
Dependent Clauses	332	(3)
Verb Tenses	335	(10)
Forming the Past Tense and Past Participle	335	(5)
Regular Verbs	335	(1)
Irregular Verbs	336	(4)
Using the Past Participle	340	(1)
The Present Perfect Tense	340	(1)
The Past Perfect Tense	340	(1)
The Passive Voice	341	(1)
Using the Past Participle as an Adjective	342	(1)
Avoiding Shifts in Tense	342	(1)
Review	342	(3)
Sentence Types	345	(4)
Clauses	345	(1)
Phrases	346	(1)
Sentence Types	347	(1)
Simple	347	(1)
Compound	347	(1)
Complex	347	(1)
Compound-Complex	347	(1)
Sentence Purposes	348	(1)
Declarative	348	(1)
Interrogative	348	(1)
Imperative	348	(1)
Exclamatory	348	(1)
Sentence Fragments	349	(6)
Missing-Subject Fragments	350	(1)
Missing-Verb Fragments	350	(1)
Missing-Subject-and-Verb Fragments	351	(1)
Dependent-Clause Fragments	351	(1)
Finding Fragments	351	(4)
Run-ons	355	(4)
Types of Run-ons	355	(1)
Ways to Correct Run-ons	356	(3)
Sentence Combining	359	(16)
Coordination	360	(4)
Coordinating Conjunctions	360	(1)
Compound Predicates	361	(1)
Conjunctive Adverbs and Transitional Expressions	362	(2)
Subordination Strategies	364	(6)
Subordinating Conjunctions	365	(1)
Relative Pronouns	366	(2)
Appositives	368	(1)
Verbal Phrases	368	(2)
Using Coordination or Subordination	370	(5)
Sentence Variety	375	(10)
Vary Sentence Beginnings	377	(2)
Use a Synonym	377	(1)
Use a Transition	377	(1)
Rearrange the Sentence	377	(1)
Use a Pronoun	378	(1)
Combine Two Sentences	378	(1)
Vary Sentence Length	379	(1)
Vary the Placement of Important Information	380	(2)
Vary the Sentence Structure	382	(3)
Commas	385	(14)
Dates and Addresses	385	(1)
Misuses	385	(1)
Series	386	(1)
Misuses	386	(1)
Compound Sentences	386	(2)
Misuses	387	(1)
Introductory Elements	388	(2)
Verbal Phrases	388	(1)
Prepositional Phrases	389	(1)
Dependent Clauses	389	(1)
Misuses	389	(1)
Interrupters	390	(9)
Small Words	390	(1)
Direct Address	391	(1)
Transitions	391	(1)
Appositives	392	(2)
Nonrestrictive Elements	394	(1)
Restrictive Elements	394	(5)
Apostrophes	399	(8)
Contractions	399	(1)
Possession	400	(7)
Determining Possession	400	(1)
Word Order ion a Possessive Case	400	(1)
Placement of the Apostrophe in Possessive Phrases	401	(1)
Plural Owners	402	(1)
Determiners	402	(1)
Irregular Plural Owners	403	(1)
Possessive Pronouns	403	(1)
Letters and Numerals	404	(3)
Pronoun Agreement	407	(8)
Antecedents	408	(1)
Avoiding Sexist Language	408	(1)
Agreement Errors	409	(1)
Problem Antecedents	410	(2)
Compound Antecedents	410	(1)
Indefinite Pronouns as Antecedents	410	(1)
Collective Nouns as Antecedents	411	(1)
Avoiding Shifts in Number	412	(1)
Avoiding Shifts in Person	412	(1)
Limiting Use of the Second Person	413	(1)
Related Agreement Errors	413	(2)
Pronoun Reference and Case	415	(12)
Pronoun Reference	415	(4)
Ambiguous Pronoun Reference	415	(2)
Vague Reference	417	(1)
Implied reference	418	(1)
Pronoun Case	419	(8)
Subjective Case	419	(1)
Objective Case	419	(1)
After Prepositions	420	(1)
Tests to Determine Case	420	(1)
Comparisons and Pronoun Case	421	(1)
Pronouns within an Appositive	422	(1)
Who/Whom	423	(4)
Semicolons and Colons	427	(6)
Semicolons	427	(4)
With Indepenedent Clauses	427	(1)
With Conjunctive Adverbs or Transitional Expressions	428	(2)
With Items in a Series	430	(1)
Colons	431	(2)
To Introduce a List	431	(1)
After Following/As Follows	431	(2)
Modifiers	433	(8)
Misplaced Modifiers	433	(1)
Limiting Modifiers	434	(1)
Squinting Modifiers	435	(1)
Split Infinitives	436	(1)
Dangling Modifiers	437	(4)
With Verbal Phrases	437	(1)
With Imperatives	438	(3)
Parallelism	441	(8)
Items in a Series	441	(1)
Pairs	442	(1)
Comparisons	443	(1)
Phrases and Clauses	444	(1)
Parallel Words	444	(5)
Editing for English Errors	449	(10)
The Art of Editing	449	(2)
Editing Plan	449	(1)
Tips for Effective Editing	450	(1)
Basic Editing Practice	451	(2)
Intermediate Editing Practice	453	(2)
Advanced Editing	455	(4)
Part VII: Readings	459	(90)
Why White Lies Hurt	460	(5)
Grace Bennett
Not in Our Town	465	(7)
Edwin Dobb
Friends and Healers	472	(4)
Daniel Foster
Growing Through a Phase	476	(4)
Jeff Galloway
What's Your Emotional IQ?	480	(6)
Daniel Goleman
Jordan is Never Afraid of Failure	486	(4)
Bob Greene
Pilgrimage to Nonviolence	490	(6)
Martin Luther King
Invisible Hand	496	(7)
Patrick Mazza
Why Happy Families Are Different	503	(6)
John Obedzinski
Who Are Our Heroes?	509	(5)
Ponchitta Pierce
Helping Children through Divorce	514	(8)
Rita Rooney
Excerpt from I Just Wanna Be Average	522	(6)
Mike Rose
Do Valedictorians Succeed Big in Life?	528	(5)
Michael Ryan
Who Is Great?	533	(6)
Michael Ryan
A Brother's Murder	539	(5)
Brent Staples
Martin Luther King	544	(5)
Jack E. White
Appendix: Rules and Tools	549	(18)
Capitalization	549	(1)
Subject-Verb Agreement	550	(1)
Fragments	551	(1)
Run-ons	551	(1)
Commas	552	(1)
Apostrophes	552	(1)
Pronoun Agreement	553	(1)
Pronoun Reference	553	(1)
Ambiguous Pronoun Reference	553	(1)
Vague Reference	553	(1)
Implied Reference	554	(1)
Pronoun Case	554	(1)
Who and Whom	554	(1)
Semicolons and Colons	554	(1)
Modifiers	555	(1)
Misplaced Modifiers	555	(1)
Limiting Modifiers	555	(1)
Dangling Modifiers	555	(1)
Parallelism	555	(11)
Error List	566	(1)
Index	567