Writing Arguments : A Rhetoric with Readings

by Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June

• ISBN13: 9780321364661
• ISBN10: 032136466X
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

The market-leading guide to arguments,Writing Argumentshas proven highly successful in teaching readers to read arguments critically and to produce effective arguments of their own. Teaches readers to write better arguments. How to write arguments; how to do research for arguments; an anthology of argumentative readings. Anyone interested in writing better arguments.

Table of Contents

Color Plates	xxxv
Preface	xxxvii
Acknowledgments	xlvi
Part One Overview of Argument	1	(72)
Argument: An Introduction	3	(19)
What Do We Mean by Argument?	3	(2)
Argument Is Not a Fight or a Quarrel	3	(1)
Argument Is Not Pro-Con Debate	4	(1)
Arguments Can Be Explicit or Implicit	4	(1)
Wilfred Owen, ``Dulce et Decorum Est''	5	(2)
The Defining Features of Argument	7	(6)
Argument Requires Justification of Its Claims	7	(3)
Argument Is Both a Process and a Product	10	(1)
Argument Combines Truth Seeking and Persuasion	10	(3)
Argument and the Problem of Truth	13	(3)
A Successful Process of Argumentation: The Well-Functioning Committee	16	(1)
Gordon Adams (student),``Petition to Waive the University Mathematics Requirement''	17	(4)
Conclusion	21	(1)
Reading Arguments	22	(28)
Why Reading Arguments Is Important for Writers	22	(1)
Strategy 1: Reading as a Believer	23	(2)
Lisa Turner,``Playing with Our Food''	25	(7)
Summary Writing as a Way of Reading to Believe	28	(3)
Suspending Doubt: Willing Your Own Belief in the Writer's Views	31	(1)
Strategy 2: Reading as a Doubter	32	(2)
Strategy 3: Exploring How Rhetorical Context and Genre Shape the Argument	34	(4)
Understanding the Genres of Argument	34	(3)
Analyzing Rhetorical Context and Genre	37	(1)
Strategy 4: Seeking Out Alternative Views and Analyzing Sources of Disagreement	38	(3)
Disagreement about Facts or Their Relevance	39	(1)
Disagreement about Values, Beliefs, or Assumptions	39	(2)
Council for Biotechnology Information, ``Why Biotech Labeling Can Confuse Consumers''	41	(3)
Writing an Analysis of a Disagreement	44	(1)
``An Analysis of the Sources of Disagreement between Lisa Turner and the Council for Biotechnology Information''	44	(2)
Strategy 5: Using Disagreement Productively to Prompt Further Investigation	46	(3)
Accepting Ambiguity and Uncertainty	46	(1)
Seeking Sources of Facts and More Complete Versions of Alternative Views	47	(1)
Determining What Values Are at Stake for You and Articulating Your Own Values	48	(1)
Considering Ways to Synthesize Alternative Views	48	(1)
Conclusion	49	(1)
Writing Arguments	50	(23)
Who Writes Arguments and Why?	50	(3)
Tips for Improving Your Writing Process	53	(3)
Starting Point, Exploration, and Research	53	(1)
Writing a First Draft	54	(1)
Revising through Multiple Drafts	55	(1)
Editing for Style, Impact, and Correctness	56	(1)
Using Exploratory Writing to Discover Ideas and Deepen Thinking	56	(7)
Freewriting or Blind Writing	57	(1)
Idea Mapping	58	(1)
Playing the Believing and Doubting Game	59	(2)
Brainstorming for Pro and Con Because Clauses	61	(1)
Brainstorming a Network of Related Issues	62	(1)
Shaping Your Argument: Classical Argument as a Planning Tool	63	(4)
The Structure of Classical Argument	63	(3)
An Illustration of Classical Argument as a Planning Guide	66	(1)
Discovering Ideas: Two Sets of Exploratory Writing Tasks	67	(4)
Set 1: Starting Points	68	(2)
Set 2: Exploration and Rehearsal	70	(1)
Writing Assignments for Chapters 1-3	71	(2)
Part Two Principles of Argument	73	(120)
The Core of an Argument: A Claim with Reasons	75	(12)
An Introduction to the Classical Appeals	75	(1)
Issue Questions as the Origins of Argument	76	(3)
Difference between an Issue Question and an Information Question	77	(2)
Difference between a Genuine Argument and a Pseudo-Argument	79	(2)
Pseudo-Arguments: Fanatical Believers and Fanatical Skeptics	79	(1)
Another Source of Pseudo-Arguments: Lack of Shared Assumptions	79	(2)
Frame of an Argument: A Claim Supported by Reasons	81	(3)
What Is a Reason?	81	(1)
Advantages of Expressing Reasons in Because Clauses	82	(2)
Application of This Chapter's Principles to Your Own Writing	84	(1)
Application of This Chapter's Principles to the Reading of Arguments	85	(1)
Conclusion	86	(1)
The Logical Structure of Arguments	87	(22)
An Overview of Logos: What Do We Mean by the ``Logical Structure'' of an Argument?	87	(4)
Adopting a Language for Describing Arguments: The Toulmin System	91	(6)
Using Toulmin's Schema to Determine a Strategy of Support	97	(5)
The Power of Audience-Based Reasons	102	(6)
Difference between Writer-Based and Audience-Based Reasons	102	(3)
Finding Audience-Based Reasons: Asking Questions about Your Audience	105	(3)
Conclusion	108	(1)
Using Evidence Effectively	109	(20)
General Principles for the Persuasive Use of Evidence	109	(2)
Apply the STAR Criteria to Evidence	110	(1)
Use Sources That Your Reader Trusts	111	(1)
Rhetorical Understanding of Evidence	111	(11)
Kinds of Evidence	111	(5)
Angle of Vision and the Selection and Framing of Evidence	116	(2)
Rhetorical Strategies for Framing Evidence	118	(2)
Special Strategies for Framing Statistical Evidence	120	(2)
Gathering Evidence	122	(2)
Creating a Plan for Gathering Evidence	122	(1)
Gathering Data from Interviews	122	(1)
Gathering Data from Surveys or Questionnaires	123	(1)
Conclusion	124	(1)
Writing Assignments for Chapters 4-6	124	(2)
David Langley (student),`` `Half-Criminals' or Urban Athletes? A Plea for Fair Treatment of Skateboarders''	126	(3)
Moving Your Audience: Ethos, Pathos, and Kairos	129	(12)
Ethos and Pathos as Persuasive Appeals: An Overview	129	(2)
How to Create an Effective Ethos: The Appeal to Credibility	131	(1)
Be Knowledgeable about Your Issue	131	(1)
Be Fair	131	(1)
Build a Bridge to Your Audience	132	(1)
How to Create Pathos: The Appeal to Belief and Emotions	132	(4)
Use Concrete Language	133	(1)
Use Specific Examples and Illustrations	134	(1)
Use Narratives	134	(1)
Choose Words, Metaphors, and Analogies with Appropriate Connotations	135	(1)
Using Images for Emotional Appeal	136	(2)
Kairos: The Timeliness and Fitness of Arguments	138	(2)
Conclusion	140	(1)
Accommodating Your Audience: Treating Differing Views	141	(20)
One-Sided, Multisided, and Dialogic Arguments	141	(1)
Determining Your Audience's Resistance to Your Views	142	(3)
Appealing to a Supportive Audience: One-Sided Argument	145	(1)
Appealing to a Neutral or Undecided Audience: Classical Argument	145	(5)
Summarizing Opposing Views	145	(2)
Refuting Opposing Views	147	(1)
Strategies for Rebutting Evidence	148	(1)
Conceding to Opposing Views	149	(1)
Example of a Student Essay Using Refutation Strategy	150	(1)
Marybeth Hamilton (student), From ``First Place: A Healing School for Homeless Children''	150	(2)
Appealing to a Resistant Audience: Dialogic Argument	152	(1)
Delayed-Thesis Argument	153	(1)
Ellen Goodman, ``Minneapolis Pornography Ordinance''	153	(4)
Rogerian Argument	156	(1)
Rebekah Taylor (student), ``A Letter to Jim''	157	(2)
Conclusion	159	(1)
Writing Assignment for Chapters 7 and 8	159	(2)
Conducting Visual Arguments	161	(32)
Understanding Design Elements in Visual Argument	162	(4)
Use of Type	163	(1)
Use of Space or Layout	164	(1)
An Analysis of a Visual Argument Using Type and Spatial Elements	165	(1)
Drug Enforcement Administration, ``A Single Hit of Ecstasy ...'' (advocacy advertisement)	166	(1)
Common Sense for Drug Policy, ``What We Know About Ecstasy'' (advocacy advertisement)	167	(3)
Use of Color	168	(1)
Use of Images and Graphics	168	(1)
An Analysis of a Visual Argument Using All the Design Components	169	(1)
The Compositional Features of Photographs and Drawings	170	(6)
An Analysis of a Visual Argument Using Images	172	(4)
The Genres of Visual Argument	176	(2)
Posters and Fliers	176	(1)
Public Affairs Advocacy Advertisements	177	(1)
The Pro-Choice Public Education Project, ``When Your Right ...'' (advocacy advertisement)	178	(4)
Cartoons	180	(1)
Web Pages	181	(1)
Constructing Your Own Visual Argument	182	(2)
Leah Johnson (student), ``Drink and Then Drive? Jeopardize My Future?'' (poster)	184	(1)
Using Information Graphics in Arguments	185	(4)
How Tables Contain a Variety of Stories	185	(2)
Using a Graph to Tell a Story	187	(1)
Bar Graphs	187	(1)
Pie Charts	188	(1)
Line Graphs	188	(1)
Incorporating Graphics into Your Argument	189	(3)
Designing the Graphic	190	(1)
Numbering, Labeling, and Titling the Graphic	190	(1)
Referencing the Graphic in Your Text	191	(1)
Conclusion	192	(1)
Writing Assignments for Chapter 9	192	(1)
Part Three Arguments in Depth: Six Types of Claims	193	(164)
An Introduction to the Types of Claims	195	(13)
An Overview of the Types of Claims	195	(5)
Type 1: Simple Categorical Arguments (Is X a Y?, Where You and Your Audience Agree on the Meaning of Y)	196	(1)
Type 2: Definitional Arguments (Is X a Y?, Where the Definition of Y Is Contested)	197	(1)
Type 3: Cause/Consequence Arguments (Does X Cause Y? Is Y a Consequence of X?)	197	(1)
Type 4: Resemblance Arguments (Is X Like Y?)	198	(1)
Type 5: Evaluation Arguments (Is X Good or Bad? Is X a Good or Bad Y?)	198	(1)
Type 6: Proposal Arguments (Should We Do X?)	199	(1)
How Knowledge of Claim Types Will Help You Focus an Argument and Generate Ideas	200	(3)
Hybrid Arguments: How Claim Types Work Together in Arguments	203	(2)
Some Examples of Hybrid Arguments	204	(1)
An Extended Example of a Hybrid Argument	204	(1)
Aaron Friedman, ``All That Noise for Nothing''	205	(3)
Categorical and Definitional Arguments: X Is (Is Not) a Y	208	(34)
An Overview of Categorical Arguments	209	(1)
Simple Categorical Arguments	210	(4)
Difference between Facts and Simple Categorical Claims	210	(1)
Variations in the Wording of Simple Categorical Claims	211	(1)
Supporting Simple Categorical Claims: Supply Examples	212	(1)
Refuting Simple Categorical Claims	213	(1)
An Overview of Definitional Arguments	214	(1)
The Criteria-Match Structure of Definitional Arguments	214	(3)
Conceptual Problems of Definition	217	(2)
Why Can't We Just Look in the Dictionary?	217	(1)
Definitions and the Rule of Justice: At What Point Does X Quit Being a Y?	217	(2)
Kinds of Definitions	219	(3)
Aristotelian Definition	219	(2)
Effect of Context and Authorial Purpose on Aristotelian Definitions	221	(1)
Operational Definitions	222	(1)
Strategies for Defining the Contested Term in a Definitional Argument	222	(4)
Reportive Approach: Research How Others Have Used the Term	223	(1)
Stipulative Approach: Create Your Own Definition	224	(2)
Conducting the Match Part of a Definitional Argument	226	(1)
Writing a Definitional Argument	227	(1)
Writing Assignment for Chapter 11	227	(3)
Exploring Ideas	227	(1)
Organizing a Definitional Argument	228	(1)
Revising Your Draft	229	(1)
Questioning and Critiquing a Definitional Argument	230	(1)
Questioning the Criteria	230	(1)
Questioning the Match	231	(1)
Readings	231	(1)
``Low-Carb Diets Unhealthy Trend''	231	(3)
Critiquing ``Low-Carb Diets Unhealthy Trend''	233	(1)
Kathy Sullivan (student), ``Oncore, Obscenity, and the Liquor Control Board''	234	(2)
Critiquing ``Oncore, Obscenity, and the Liquor Control Board''	236	(1)
Charles Krauthammer, ``This Isn't a `Legal' Matter, This Is War''	236	(3)
Critiquing ``This Isn't a `Legal' Matter, This Is War''	238	(1)
Eugene Volokh, ``You Can Blog, But You Can't Hide''	239	(3)
Critiquing ``You Can Blog, But You Can't Hide''	241	(1)
Causal Arguments: X Causes (Does Not Cause) Y	242	(28)
An Overview of Causal Arguments	243	(1)
The Nature of Causal Arguing	244	(1)
Describing a Causal Argument in Toulmin Terms	245	(2)
Three Methods for Arguing That One Event Causes Another	247	(6)
First Method: Explain the Causal Mechanism Directly	247	(2)
Second Method: Use Various Inductive Methods to Establish a High Probability of a Causal Link	249	(3)
Third Method: Argue by Analogy or Precedent	252	(1)
Glossary of Terms Encountered in Causal Arguments	253	(2)
Writing Your Causal Argument	255	(1)
Writing Assignment for Chapter 12	255	(3)
Exploring Ideas	255	(2)
Organizing a Causal Argument	257	(1)
Questioning and Critiquing a Causal Argument	258	(1)
Readings	259	(1)
Daeha Ko (student), ``The Monster That Is High School''	259	(3)
Critiquing ``The Monster That Is High School''	261	(1)
United Way, ``Kids Who Do Not Participate ...'' (advocacy advertisement)	262	(1)
Critiquing the United Way Advocacy Ad	262	(1)
Olivia Judson, ``Different but (Probably) Equal''	263	(3)
Critiquing ``Different but (Probably) Equal''	265	(1)
Carlos Macias (student), ```The Credit Card Company Made Me Do It!'---The Credit Card Industry's Role in Causing Student Debt''	266	(4)
Critiquing ``The Credit Card Company Made Me Do It!''	269	(1)
Resemblance Arguments: X Is (Is Not) Like Y	270	(19)
An Overview of Resemblance Arguments	271	(2)
Arguments by Analogy	273	(3)
Using Undeveloped Analogies	273	(1)
Using Extended Analogies	274	(2)
Arguments by Precedent	276	(2)
Writing a Resemblance Argument	278	(1)
Writing Assignment for Chapter 13	278	(1)
Exploring Ideas	279	(1)
Organizing a Resemblance Argument	279	(1)
Questioning and Critiquing a Resemblance Argument	279	(1)
Readings	280	(1)
Megan Matthews (student), ``Whales Need Silence''	280	(1)
Critiquing ``Whales Need Silence''	281	(1)
Matthew Miller, ``It Shouldn't Take a Disaster to Help America's Blameless''	281	(3)
Critiquing ``It Shouldn't Take a Disaster to Help America's Blameless''	283	(1)
Sven Van Assche, ``Knock! Knock!'' (political cartoon)	284	(1)
Critiquing the Internet Chat Room Cartoon	284	(1)
Susan Brownmiller, From Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape	285	(4)
Critiquing the Passage from Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape	288	(1)
Evaluation and Ethical Arguments: X Is (Is Not) a Good Y; X Is Right (Wrong)	289	(31)
An Overview of Evaluation Arguments	289	(1)
Criteria-Match Structure of Categorical Evaluations	290	(2)
Conducting a Categorical Evaluation Argument	292	(4)
Determining Criteria for a Categorical Evaluation Argument	292	(2)
Determining Whether X Meets the Criteria	294	(2)
An Overview of Ethical Arguments	296	(1)
Two Major Ethical Systems	297	(1)
Consequences as the Base of Ethics	297	(1)
Principles as the Base of Ethics	298	(1)
Conducting an Ethical Argument	298	(3)
Constructing a Principles-Based Argument	299	(1)
Constructing a Consequences-Based Argument	299	(2)
Common Problems in Making Evaluation Arguments	301	(1)
Writing an Evaluation Argument	302	(1)
Writing Assignment for Chapter 14	302	(3)
Exploring Ideas	303	(1)
Organizing an Evaluation Argument	303	(1)
Revising Your Draft	304	(1)
Questioning and Critiquing an Evaluation Argument	305	(3)
Critiquing a Categorical Evaluation Argument	305	(1)
Critiquing an Ethical Argument	306	(2)
Readings	308	(1)
Sam Isaacson (student), ``Would Legalization of Gay Marriage Be Good for the Gay Community?''	308	(3)
Critiquing ``Would Legalization of Gay Marriage Be Good for the Gay Community?''	310	(1)
Tiffany Anderson (student), ``A Woman's View of Hip-Hop''	311	(3)
Critiquing ``A Woman's View of Hip-Hop''	314	(1)
Mike Luckovich, ``The Military's Raising Enlistment Age'' (political cartoon)	314	(1)
Critiquing the Military Recruitment Cartoon	315	(1)
Geoffrey Johnson, ``Marking Earth Day Inc.''	315	(2)
Critiquing ``Marking Earth Day Inc.''	317	(1)
David Holcberg, ``Human Organs for Sale?''	317	(3)
Critiquing ``Human Organs for Sale?''	319	(1)
Proposal Arguments: We Should (Should Not) Do X	320	(37)
An Overview of Proposal Arguments	321	(1)
The Structure of Proposal Arguments	322	(1)
Special Concerns for Proposal Arguments	322	(1)
The Need for Presence	322	(1)
The Need to Overcome People's Natural Conservatism	322	(1)
The Difficulty of Predicting Future Consequences	323	(1)
The Problem of Evaluating Consequences	323	(1)
Developing a Proposal Argument	323	(2)
Convincing Your Readers That a Problem Exists	323	(1)
Showing the Specifics of Your Proposal	324	(1)
The Justification: Convincing Your Readers That Your Proposal Should Be Enacted	325	(1)
Proposal Arguments as Advocacy Posters or Advertisements	325	(1)
Using the Claim-Type Strategy to Develop a Proposal Argument	326	(5)
Using the ``Stock Issues'' Strategy to Develop a Proposal Argument	331	(2)
Writing a Proposal Argument	333	(1)
Writing Assignment for Chapter 15	333	(5)
Exploring Ideas	334	(1)
Organizing a Proposal Argument	335	(1)
Revising Your Draft	336	(2)
Designing a One-Page Advocacy Advertisement	338	(1)
Questioning and Critiquing a Proposal Argument	338	(1)
Readings	339	(1)
Laurel Wilson (student), ``A Proposal to Provide Tips for Hosts at Stone's End''	340	(4)
Critiquing ``A Proposal to Provide Tips for Hosts at Stone's End''	343	(1)
Mark Bonicillo (student), ``A Proposal for Universal Health Insurance in the United States'' (MLA-style research paper)	344	(7)
Critiquing ``A Proposal for Universal Health Insurance in the United States''	351	(1)
Center for Children's Health and the Environment, ``More Kids Are Getting Brain Cancer. Why?'' (advocacy advertisement)	351	(2)
Critiquing the Advocacy Ad from the Center for Children's Health and the Environment	352	(1)
Maia Szalavitz, ``Let a Thousand Licensed Poppies Bloom''	353	(4)
Critiquing ``Let a Thousand Licensed Poppies Bloom''	355	(2)
Part Four The Researched Argument	357	(69)
Finding and Evaluating Sources	359	(28)
Formulating a Research Question	360	(2)
Understanding Differences in the Kinds of Sources	362	(5)
Books versus Periodicals versus Web Sites	362	(1)
Scholarly Books versus Trade Books	362	(4)
Scholarly Journals versus Magazines	366	(1)
Print Sources versus Cyberspace Sources	367	(1)
Finding Books: Searching Your Library's Online Catalog	367	(1)
Finding Print Articles: Searching a Licensed Database	368	(2)
What Is a Licensed Database?	368	(1)
Keyword Searching	369	(1)
Illustration of a Database Search	369	(1)
Finding Cyberspace Sources: Searching the World Wide Web	370	(5)
The Logic of the Internet	371	(2)
Using Web Search Engines	373	(1)
Determining Where You Are on the Web	373	(2)
Reading Your Sources Rhetorically	375	(2)
Reading with Your Own Goals in Mind	375	(1)
Reading with Rhetorical Awareness	376	(1)
Taking Effective Notes	377	(1)
Evaluating Sources	378	(3)
Angle of Vision	378	(1)
Degree of Advocacy	379	(2)
Reliability	381	(1)
Credibility	381	(1)
Understanding the Rhetoric of Web Sites	381	(4)
The Web as a Unique Rhetorical Environment	381	(1)
Analyzing the Purpose of a Site and Your Own Research Purpose	381	(1)
Sorting Sites by Domain Type	382	(1)
Evaluating a Web Site	383	(2)
National Resources Defense Council, ``Spread of Active Sonar Threatens Whales'' (Web page)	385	(1)
Conclusion	386	(1)
Using, Citing, and Documenting Sources	387	(39)
Using Sources for Your Own Purposes	387	(3)
Creating Rhetorically Effective Attributive Tags	390	(1)
Using Attributive Tags to Separate Your Ideas from Your Source's	390	(1)
Creating Attributive Tags to Shape Reader Response	390	(1)
Working Sources into Your Own Prose	391	(4)
Summarizing	391	(1)
Paraphrasing	392	(1)
Quoting	392	(3)
Avoiding Plagiarism	395	(1)
Understanding Parenthetical Citation Systems with Bibliographies	396	(1)
Understanding MLA Style	397	(12)
The MLA Method of In-Text Citation	397	(1)
MLA Format for the ``Works Cited'' List	398	(1)
MLA Citations	399	(9)
Formatting an Academic Paper in MLA Style	408	(1)
Student Example of an MLA-Style Research Paper	409	(1)
Understanding APA Style	409	(8)
APA Method of In-Text Citation	410	(1)
APA Format for the ``References'' List	411	(1)
APA Citations	411	(6)
Conclusion	417	(1)
Student Example of an APA-Style Research Paper	417	(1)
Megan Matthews (student), ``Sounding the Alarm: Navy Sonar and the Survival of Whales''	418	(8)
Appendixes	426	(25)
Informal Fallacies	426	(9)
The Problem of Conclusiveness in an Argument	426	(1)
An Overview of Informal Fallacies	427	(8)
Fallacies of Pathos	428	(1)
Fallacies of Ethos	429	(1)
Fallacies of Logos	430	(5)
The Writing Community: Working in Groups	435	(16)
From Conflict to Consensus: How to Get the Most Out of the Writing Community	435	(2)
Avoiding Bad Habits of Group Behavior	436	(1)
The Value of Group Work for Writers	436	(1)
Forming Writing Communities: Skills and Roles	437	(4)
Working in Groups of Five to Seven People	437	(2)
Working in Pairs	439	(2)
Group Project: Holding a ``Norming Session'' to Define ``Good Argumentative Writing''	441	(2)
``Bloody Ice''	443	(1)
``RSS Should Not Provide Dorm Room Carpets''	444	(2)
``Sterling Hall Dorm Food''	446	(1)
``ROTC Courses Should Not Get College Credit''	446	(2)
``Legalization of Prostitution''	448	(1)
A Classroom Debate	449	(2)
Part Five An Anthology of Arguments	451	(288)
An Overview of the Anthology	452	(1)
Guide Questions for the Analysis and Evaluation of Arguments	453	(3)
List 1: Questions for Analyzing and Evaluating a Conversation	453	(1)
List 2: Questions for Analyzing and Evaluating an Individual Argument	454	(1)
List 3: Questions for Responding to a Reading and Forming Your Own Views	455	(1)
Finding Soldiers: The Volunteer Army, Recruitment, and the Draft	456	(28)
Donald Rumsfeld, ``New Model Army''	456	(3)
Phillip Carter and Paul Glastris, ``The Case for the Draft''	459	(11)
Anna Quindlen, ``Uncle Sam and Aunt Samantha''	470	(2)
Tim Dickinson, ``The Return of the Draft''	472	(3)
Louis Caldera, ``Military Service''	475	(2)
``Weapons of Mass Instruction'' (advertisement)	477	(1)
Kathryn Roth-Douquet, ``Military Service Can Open the Eyes of Country's `Elite'''	478	(1)
Matt Carmody, ``I Need You'' (political cartoon)	479	(1)
David L. Englin, ``Military Misconceptions''	480	(2)
For Class Discussion	482	(2)
Responses to Terrorism: Public Safety and Civil Liberties	484	(23)
John Ashcroft, ``Testimony to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary''	484	(4)
Deborah Pearlstein, ``Rights in an Insecure World''	488	(5)
Michelle Malkin, ``Racial Profiling: A Matter of Survival''	493	(2)
Arsalan Iftikhar, ``Losing Liberties''	495	(2)
Wayne Stayskal, ``Civil Liberties Groups Resist Government'' (political cartoon)	497	(1)
Patricia J. Williams, ``To See or Not to See''	498	(2)
Michael Levin, ``The Case for Torture''	500	(2)
McQ, ``Situational Ethics and the Argument for Torture''	502	(3)
For Class Discussion	505	(2)
The United States as Sole Superpower	507	(28)
George W. Bush, ``Graduation Speech at West Point''	508	(4)
Richard Falk, ``The New Bush Doctrine''	512	(5)
John J. Miller, ``Our `Next Manifest Destiny'''	517	(5)
Michael Krepon, ``Weapons in the Heavens: A Radical and Reckless Option''	522	(7)
Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space, ``Keep Space for Peace'' (poster)	529	(2)
Samuel Huntington, ``The Great American Myth''	531	(2)
For Class Discussion	533	(2)
Environmental Friendliness versus Market Freedom: The Case of the Sport-Utility Vehicle	535	(26)
John Bragg, ``The American Dream: Why Environmentalists Attack the SUV''	535	(2)
Henry Payne and Diane Katz, ``Gas and Gasbags ... or, the Open Road and Its Enemies''	537	(3)
Keith Bradsher, ``Gimme an SUV---ASAP: Teenagers Are the Next Big Market for Sport-Utility Vehicles---and the Consequences Could Be Deadly''	540	(6)
SUV.org, ``Environmental Double Standards for Sport Utility Vehicles''	546	(6)
Arianna Huffington, ``Road Outrage: How Corporate Greed and Political Corruption Paved the Way for the SUV Explosion''	552	(3)
Paul Roberts, ``Running Out of Oil---and Time''	555	(2)
Thomas L. Friedman, ``As Toyota Goes ...''	557	(2)
Khalil Bendib, ``Oil and War'' (political cartoon)	559	(1)
For Class Discussion	560	(1)
Wal-Mart and the Public Good	561	(23)
Floyd J. McKay, ``Wal-Mart Nation: The Race to the Bottom''	561	(2)
Robert B. Reich, ``Don't Blame Wal-Mart''	563	(2)
Liza Featherstone, ``Down and Out in Discount America''	565	(6)
Pankaj Ghemawat and Ken A. Mark, ``The Price Is Right''	571	(1)
The New York Times, ``The Wal-Martization of America''	572	(1)
Steve Maich, ``Why Wal-Mart Is Good''	573	(8)
David Horsey, ``A New World to Conquer'' (political cartoon)	581	(1)
For Class Discussion	582	(2)
Biotech Agriculture and the Ethics of Food Production	584	(26)
Jonathan Rauch, ``Will Frankenfood Save the Planet?''	584	(9)
Miguel A. Altieri and Peter Rosset, ``Ten Reasons Why Biotechnology Will Not Ensure Food Security, Protect the Environment, and Reduce Poverty in the Developing World''	593	(8)
``Monsantoland'' (poster)	601	(1)
Gregory A. Jaffe, ``Lessen the Fear of Genetically Engineered Crops''	601	(2)
Froma Harrop, ``Food Industry Should Modify Its Stance on Altered Food''	603	(1)
Sustainusa.org, ``What Is the FDA Trying to Feed Us?'' (poster)	604	(1)
Gerald D. Coleman, ``Is Genetic Engineering the Answer to Hunger?''	605	(4)
For Class Discussion	609	(1)
The Cultural Debate on Stem Cell Research and Cloning	610	(24)
Richard Hayes, ``It's Worth Copying Canada's Model for Cloning Legislation''	611	(1)
Robert A. Weinberg, ``Of Clones and Clowns''	612	(8)
Judith Levine, ``What Human Genetic Modification Means for Women''	620	(5)
Jean Swenson, ``Embryonic Stem Cell Fairy Tales''	625	(2)
Mario M. Cuomo, ``Not on Faith Alone''	627	(2)
Mona Charen, ``Stem Cell Simplicities''	629	(1)
Charles Krauthammer, ``Expand Stem Cells Ethically''	630	(2)
For Class Discussion	632	(2)
In Search of Perfection: Steroids, Bionic Athletes, and Designer Children	634	(25)
Michael Dillingham, ``Steroids, Sports and the Ethics of Winning''	635	(1)
Rick Collins, ``Steroids and Sports: A Provocative Interview with Norm Fost, M.D.''	636	(5)
Ellis Cashmore, ``Doping Scandal: Stop Testing and Legalize All Drugs''	641	(2)
Carl Elliott, ``This Is Your Country on Drugs''	643	(2)
William Saletan, ``The Beam in Your Eye: If Steroids Are Cheating, Why Isn't LASIK?''	645	(4)
George Neumayr, ``The New Eugenics''	649	(4)
Michael J. Sandel, ``What's Wrong with Enhancement''	653	(4)
For Class Discussion	657	(2)
Marriage and Family in the New Millennium	659	(24)
Patrick Fagan and Jennifer Garrett, ``Restoring a Culture of Marriage: Good News for Policymakers from the Fragile Families Survey''	659	(8)
Alternatives to Marriage Project, ``Statement Regarding Hearing on Welfare and Marriage Issues''	667	(2)
Andrew Sullivan, ``Here Comes the Groom: A (Conservative) Case for Gay Marriage''	669	(4)
Jeff Kemp and Harvey Drake, Jr., ``Marriage Still Matters to Washington's Children''	673	(1)
Froma Harrop, ``Gay, Straight: What's the Deal?''	674	(2)
Hila Colman, ``Who Needs a Husband?''	676	(1)
Myrna Blyth, ``The Hearth Defended: A Review of Home-Alone America: The Hidden Toll of Day Care, Wonder Drugs, and Other Parent Substitutes by Mary Eberstadt''	677	(3)
Lynne K. Varner, ``Moms on the Front Lines of America's Culture Wars''	680	(2)
For Class Discussion	682	(1)
The Media and Public Responsibility: What Counts As News and Who Decides?	683	(25)
Sydney H. Schanberg, ``Not a Pretty Picture''	683	(3)
Floyd J. McKay, ``Digital Technology in the Age of Terror''	686	(1)
Mark Bowden, ``News Judgment and Jihad''	687	(2)
Daniel Okrent, ``No Picture Tells the Truth. The Best Do Better than That''	689	(4)
William Powers, ``The Massless Media''	693	(5)
Amy Goodman and David Goodman, ``Why Media Ownership Matters: The More You Watch, the Less You Know''	698	(4)
Jack Rosenthal, ``What to Do When News Grows Old Before Its Time''	702	(3)
Amotz Asa-El, ``Too Narrow a Focus''	705	(2)
For Class Discussion	707	(1)
Gender and Technology in Advertising	708	(8)
Haloid Xerox, ``This Is Automatic Xerography''	709	(1)
FedEx Express, ``Like Magellan, Grady Has Pioneered a Global Network'' and ``Maria Hates Computers''	710	(2)
Technology Review, ``Try a MIT's Magazine of Innovation ...''	712	(1)
Siemens Corporation, ``Spacious Corner Office, Redefined''	713	(1)
For Class Discussion	714	(2)
Internet Controversies: Blogs, Hate Sites, and Spam	716	(23)
Daniel W. Drezner and Henry Farrell, ``Web of Influence''	716	(9)
Nicholas D. Kristof, ``Death by a Thousand Blogs''	725	(2)
Jeff Chu, ``You Wanna Take This Online?''	727	(2)
Adey Bryant, ``Sarah, It's That Bloke ...'' (political cartoon)	729	(1)
Kenneth Lake, ``Hate Speech Conviction Outlaws Email''	730	(1)
Lawrence J. Magid, ``Internet's Hate Sites Can Be Hidden, But They Can't Be Ignored''	731	(2)
Adam Cohen, ``The Constitution Does Not Protect Spamming''	733	(2)
Sarah Gordon, ``Distributing Viruses''	735	(2)
For Class Discussion	737	(2)
Credits	739	(6)
Index	745